하수슬러지의 유동층 소각 특성

한근희,박영성,류정인 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.10 No.2

The incineration characteristics of sludge sample were investigated in a fluidized bed incinerator(φ 0.2m, 3.0m height). The sewage sludge with heating value of 2480kcal/kg, and 22% moisture content was used as sludge sample. The characteristics of sludge incineration in terms of combustion efficiency, axial temperature profile and heavy metal analysis of sludge and ash were studied. The combustion efficiencies were found to be no less than 99%, which indicates that the fluidized bed incinerator can be very effectively applied to sewage sludges. It was also found that the heavy metal components were remained in the sludge ash after incineration due to the relatively low combustion temperature of the fluidized bed incinerator.

유동층내 설치된 수평관의 마모 특성

한근희,박영성,류정인 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 1998 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.9 No.2

유동층내에 설치된 수평관에 대한 마모실험을 수행하였다. 유동층 연소로의 크기는 단면적 0.15×0.2m이며 높이는 1m에 해당된다. 유동층내 유동물질로는 모래와 무연탄회재를 사용하였으며 충진층의 높이는 0.45m를 적용하였다. 마모실험용 시편은 아크릴 관이 사용되었으며 위치는 수직방향으로 15, 30, 45cm 위치에 세 개씩 그리고 60cm 위치에 1개를 설치하였다. 유동화속도, 수직높이, 층물질 종류에 따른 마모속도와 관의 원주방향에 대한 마모특성을 고찰하였다. 실험결과 마모속도는 유동화속도와 관의 수직높이가 증가할수록 늘어남을 보였으며, 시계방향으로 4∼8시간, 특히 5∼7시간 방향으로 커다란 마모율을 나타냈다. The erosion characteristics of horizontal tubes immersed in a fluidized bed cold mode combustor were investigated. The combustor has a cross sectional area of 0.15×0.2m and a height of 1m. The anthracite ash and river sand were used as a bed material. The static bed height was 0.45m. The wear specimens were made of acrylic tube. Test tubes were located inside the bed with three tubes in a low at 15, 30, 45cm and with a single tube at 60cm above distributor plate, respectively. The test was performed to investigate the effect of fluidization velocity, distance above distributor plate on the erosion rate, and the erosion trend of tube surface with radial direction. The result shows that the erosion rate increases with fluidization velocity, with distance above the distributor plate. The trend with radial direction shows severe erosion at the 4-8 o'clock clockwise compare to other area, especially 5 and 7 o'clock clockwise.

상온 기포유동층 연소로내에서 전열관의 마모 특성연구

한근희,정진도,류정인 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.1

The erosion characteristics of heat exchanger tube submerged in bubbling fluidized bed were investigated in a cold model reactor which had a cross sectional area of 0.15×0.2m and a height of 1m. The bed materials were two different sizes of river sand with the average diameter of 0.731 and 1.243mm. The static bed height was 45cm. The wear specimens were made of acrylic tube with a diameter of 24.6mm and a length of 150mm. Test tubes were located inside the bed with three tubes in a low at 15, 30, 45cm and with a single tube at 60cm above distributor plate. Test was performed with the variation of fluidization velocity of 1.2 to 2.2m/s for 100 hours per set. The test was performed ti investigate the effects of fluidization velocity, array of tubes, distance above distributor plate on the erosion rate, and the erosion trend of tube surface with radial and axial direction. The results showed that the erosion rate increases with fluidization velocity and with distance above the distributor plate. The erosion was severe at the tube located in the splash zone of 60cm above the distributor. the trend with radial direction showed severe erosion at the 4-8 o'clock clockwise compared to other areas, especially 5 and 7 o'clock clockwise.

가압유동층연소로에서 국내무연탄의 황산화물 배출특성

한근희,송용식,류정인,손재익,진경태 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.1

본 연구는 가압유동충연소로에서 국내 무연탄을 연소함에 있어서 SO_2 배출농도에 대하여 고찰하였다. Bench scale PFBC에서 석탁을 연소하는 동안에 탈황제로 식회석을 사용하였으며, 배가스의 배출특성을 조사함에 있어서 SO_2의 제어에 주안점을 두었다. 석탁은 강원도 태백지역에서 채탄된 무연탄이고, 석회석은 강원도 삼척지역에서 얻은 것이다. 실험장치는 층 직경 0.17m, freeboard 직경 0.25m이고, 총 높이가 5m로 이루어졌다. 실험은 운전압력(1-6 atm), 운전온도(850-950℃), 과잉공기(10-30%), Ca/S 몰비(0.8-4.8)의 조건으로 수행하였다. 결과적으로 최대 탈황율을 보인 층(bed)온도는 1, 2 기압일 때 850℃, 4 기압일때 900℃, 6 기압일 때 950℃로 나타났다. 또 탈황율은 모든 실험조건에서 운전압력, Ca/s 몰비, 과잉공기가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 국내무연탄의 가압유동충연소시 안정적인 SO_2의 배출을 위하여 각각의 운전압력에서 적정한 Ca/S 몰비는 2 기압 이하일때 Ca/S≥4.8, 4기압일 때 Ca/S=4.8, 6 기압 이상일때 Ca/S≤4.8를 보였다. This study was to investigate the SO_2 emission with Korean anthracite in a PFBC (Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor). This work focuses on the control of SO_2, one of the severe air pollutants in flue gas, emission characteristics by injecting sorbent during the combustion of coal in a bench scale PFBC. The coal and limestone used in this work were Taeback anthracite and Samchuck limestone, respectively, in Korea. The effects of operation parameters such as pressure (1-6 atm), bed temperature (850-950℃), excess air ratio(10-30%), and Ca/S mole(0.8-4.8) on desulfurization was investigated in PFBC(0.17m of bed diamether, 0.25m of freeboard diameter and 5.0m height). The bed temperature showing maximum sulfur capture increased from 850℃ at 1 and 2 atm. to 950℃ at 6 atm. with 10% of excess air ratio. Sulfur capture increased as excess air ratio increased at all experimental condition. Both the sulfur capture and the temperature showing maximum sulfur capture increased as operation pressure increased. It was recognized that Ca/S mole ratio higher than 4.8 was needed below 2 atm. and lower Ca/S mole ratio than 4.8 was needed at 4 and 6 atm. for the stable SO_2 emission in combustion of Korean anthracite.

상온 유동층에서 층내 수평전열관의 마모특성

한근희,김용철,류정인,선도원,민병무 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.2

대부분의 유동층 연소장치에서 충물질과 비산된 입자에 의한 충내 전열관과 water wall의 전열관 표면의 마모는 계속적으로 골칫거리가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 단면적이 0.15m×0.30m인 상온유동층장치에서 마모하기 쉬운 아크릴 관을 사용하여 유동층에 파묻힌 전열관에 대하여 유동조건과 전열관의 배열효과에 대한 실험적인 연구를 나타냈다. 유동층의 단면적은 0.15m×0.30m이고 높이는 1.0m이다. 층물질은 강모래 평균입도 0.73, 1.24mm의 두 가지와, 평균입도 0.9mm의 무연탄 희재를 사용하였다. 유동층 높이는 0.45m이었다. 마모실험은 조건마다 100시간동안 유동화속도 1.2-1.8m/s 까지 변화시켜 수행하였다. 실험결과 마모율은 유동화속도가 증가할수록 증가하였고, 공기분배기로부터 떨어진 거리가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 그리고 공기분배기로부터 높이 0.6m의 비산영역에 위치한 전열관에 심한 마모를 나타냈다. 전열관의 원주방향에 대한 마모경향은 다른 부분과 비교하여 시계방향으로 4시 방향에서 8시 방향까지 심한 마모가 나타났고, 특히 5시 방향과 7시 방향은 심한 마모를 보였다. Erosion of in-bed tubes and water wall heat transfer surfaces by bed materials and elutriated particles have persistently plagued most fluidized bed combustion (FBC) systems. This papere presents a systematic experimental study of the effects of tube arrangement and flow condition on embedded tube erosion by using erosion-prone acrylic cylinders in a 0.15m×0.30m bench-scale cold fluidized bed. The bed material was two different sizes of river sand and anthracite ash with the average diameter of 0.73, 1.24, 0.90㎜, respectively. The static bed height was 0.45m. Erosion test was performed with the variation of fluidization velocity of 1.2 to 1.8m/s for 100 hours per set. The result shows that the erosion rate increased with fluidizing velocity, with distance from the distributor. The erosion was severe at the tube located in the splash zone of 60㎝ above the distributor. The trend with radial direction shows severe erosion at the 4-8 o'clock clockwise compare to other area, especially 5 and 7 o'clock clockwise.

자일리톨 껌 저작에 의한 유치 우식증 예방효과 비교분석

한성근,최연희,손은영,송근배,김영진,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

자일리톨 껌 저작에 의해 어린이들의 유치우식증 예방효과를 평가하기 위하여 3개 어린이집에서 만 5~6세 어린이 123명을 최종 선정하였다. 자일리톨 껌을 씹는 군(42명), 솔비톨 껌을 씹는 군(42명) 그리고 아무런 조치도 취하지 않은 대조군(39명)으로 나누어 12개월 동안 하루 5회씩 껌을 저작하게 한 다음 구강검사와 우식활성 검사를 통해 유치우식증 예방효과를 비교 분석 하였다. 12개월 동안 대조군 어린이들에서는 dfs index가 5.19개면 증가하였고 솔비톨 군에서는 2.96개면이 증가한 반면 자일리톨 군에서 2.62개면이 증가하여 대조군에 비해 자일리톨 군은 47.1%가 감소하였고 솔비톨 군에서는 43.6%가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. Dentocult-SM strip 검사 및 site strip 검사 결과 모두에서 대조군에 비해 자일리톨 껌과 솔비톨 껌을 씹은 군의 아동들에서 우식활성도가 공히 감소되었다. 따라서 본 연구와 같은 집중적인 자일리톨 껌의 저작 사업은 대상자들과 부모들의 사업에 대한 호응도가 높았고, 사업 시행이 다른 국책 구강보건사업에 비해 용이하였으며 특히 유치우식증 예방적인 측면에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. The effect of xylitol and sorbitol chewing gums on dental caries levels among 5-year old kindergarteners was investigated. Three kindergartens the operations of which were partly subsidized by municipal government of Daegu city, Korea, were chosen as the study sites. The child base of the kindergartens were considered demographically and ethnically similar, representing middle-income families. The subjects were examined at their own kindergarten by the two dentists. Participation in the program was voluntary. Over 12 months, 123 participants chewed xylitol chewjng gums(X group; 42 subjects), sorbitol chewing gum@ group; 42 subjects), or did not receive chewing gum as a control group(C group: 39 subjects). Consumption of xylitol and sorbitol was 4.5 to 5.0 g/day/subject, consumed in five daily chewing episodes of 5 min. Oral examination, Dentocult-SM test and interproximal dental plaque collection were completed at baseline and 12 months later. The dmfs of group C increased 59.2%. but group S increased 33.4% and group X increased only 31.3% during 12 months study period. The caries prevention ratio was 47.1% at group X and 43.6% at group S. There also appeared the reduction of caries activity at group X(1.39), group S(1.50) than control group(1.79). Compared with groups S and C, there was a statistically significant reduction of S. mutans in interproximal plaque in group X. The results suggest that xylitol chewing gum can prevent dental caries of deciduous dentition, and may be a little more effective than a sorbitol-containing product in controlling some caries-associated parameters in kmdergarten-age subjects.

폐구리염화물용액의 분무열분해반응에 의한 생성분말의 특성에 관한 연구

박희범,최재권,한진아,유재근 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2001 반도체장비학술심포지움 Vol.2001 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 폐 구리염화물 용액을 원료로 사용하여 분무열분해 공정에 의해 평균입도가 1 ㎛ 이하이며 입도분포가 균일하고 치밀한 조직을 나타내는 미립의 구리산화물 분말을 제조하는데 있다.또한 본 연구에서는 분무열분해 공정에 의해 생성되는 분말의 특성에 영향을 미치는 반응 온도, 원료용액의 유입속도, 분위기기체 및 공기의 유입속도, nozzle tip 크기 및 원료용액의 농도 등의 반응인자들의 영향을 검토하였다.

갑상선 유두선암 환자의 말초 혈액 단핵구로부터 수지상세포분화와 자가 세포독성 T 림프구 활성화 유도

송수근,최영식,박요한,이대희,장희경 고신대학교 의학부 2004 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are rare leucocytes that are uniquely potent in their ability to capture, process and present antigens to T cells, and so selectively migrate through tissues to reach lymph nodes and spleen where initiation of immune responses takes place. It has been reported that a dense infilteration of dendritic cells correlates with a favorable prognosis in several types of cancer. A similar correlation also has been noted in patients with papillary carcinoma of thyroid. The purpose of this study is to determine whether DCs are generated from peripheral blood monocytes by using cytokines such as GM-CSF, TNF-α, and IL-4 and whether cytotoxic T cells activated by DCs attack the papillary carcinoma tissues. Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 2 patients with thyroid papillary cancer. DCs were established from monocytes by culturing in the presence of GM-CSF, Flt-3 ligand. TNF-α , and IL-4 for14 days. At day 14, expression of surface markers typical for DCs was analyzed morphologically. The immunophenotypic features of DCs such as CDla, CD83, and CD86 were analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. At day 15 DCs were incubated with thyroid cancer tissues and normal thyroid tissues for 7 days. Results: DCs were generated from the peripheral blood monocytes. The generated cells had the classic morphology of DCs. Activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were observed. Veiled cell known as circulating DCs attached to the thyroid cancer tissues were observed. The CTLs activated by DCs were observed to attack the papillary carcinoma tissues by scanning electron microscope. However, normal tissues were not attacked by CTLs. Conclusion: DCs can be generated from the peripheral blood monocytes. Futhermore, the CTLs activated by DCs also can attack the papillary carcinoma tissues. These results that DCs can be used as adjuvants for adoptive immunotherapy of papillary thyroid cancer.

예ㆍ체능계 및 일반 여대생의 인성특성에 관한 비교 연구

이종희,류근림,한광령,심성섭 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1996 體育學論文集 Vol.24 No.-

This study has reached the following conclusion after analyzing and investigating through questionaire in order to compare and analyze the personality tendencies appeared specfically according to the major under the effect of study environments which are being experienced uniquely according to department based on changeability theory of personality which have said to be able to changed by the effect of postnatal study environment. 1.In the comparison of activity, the order has appeared as Physical education(65.53±10.75), Dancing(64.07±9.89), Music(61.81±15.97), Art(57.40±16.31), General deparment(51.20±14.93) and in the Duncan's test, the result was General science department showed significant difference respectively from Music, Art and Physical education department. (p〈.05) 2.In the comparison of emotional stability, the order has appeared as Physical education(63.08±7.82), Dancing(58.76±11.82), Music(55.38 ± 11.96), General department(54.43±14.99), and Art department(53.29±12.59) and the Duncan's test showed by significant difference from Physical education and Art department (p〈.05). 3.In the comparison of Sociability, the order has appeared as Dancing(73.96±12.74), Physical education(69.16±15.03), Art(65.65±16.07), General(58.66±14.11), and Music department(57.96±16.25) and the result of Duncan's test was shown by significant difference(p〈.05) between Dancing and Physical education department and Music and General department. 4.In the comparison of Autonomy, the order was appeared as Art(71.58±14.42), Physical education(66.44±12.69), Music(60.38±17.55), Dancing(59.70±15.21), and General department(57.96±16.25) and the Duncan's test showed the result that the department of Art had significant difference(p〈.05) respactively from Music, Dancing and General department while Physical education the difference (p〈.05) from General department also. 5.There have been no difference between Dominance, Reflectiveness and Achievement, but there showed little higher tendencies of Dominance in Dancing department while Reflectiveness in General department and Achievement in Art department. 6.Psychoneurosis, Psychosis, Anti-social behaviors have been kown to be included in the normal scope, in Psychoneurosis, there appeared lower tendency by the significant difference(p〈.05) more than Physical education, Dancing and Music department while in the Psychosis, only Dancing department showed lower tendency by significant difference(P〈.01) from other departments respectively, and in the Anti-social behaviors, General department showed lower tendency by the significant difference(p〈.05) from Dancing department.

Chinese hamster 난소세포에서 수용성 니켈에 의해 특징적으로 발현되는 유전인자들의 빠른 분석에 관한 연구

성근제,이상한,우기민,송호연,조만희 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

니켈에 의한 암 발생기전 및 세포 독성기전을 이해하고 니켈에 의해 발현에 변화를 보이는 유전자들을 검출하기 위하여 니켈이 포함된 배지에서 배양된 Chinese hamster난소 세포부터 mRNA differential display 분석을 시행하였다. 본 연구에서는 동위원소나 DNA염기서열 분석용 젤을 사용하는 기존의 방법 대신에 훨씬 빠르고, 다루기 쉽고 안전성을 지닌 변형된 기법을 개발하여 적용하였다. 니켈에 의해 발현에 변화를 보이는 cDNA fragments들을 10% polyacrylamide mini젤상에서 분리 및 클로닝한 다음, DNA염기 서열 분석과 GenBank Blast search 프로그램을 이용하여 상동성 조사를 하였다. Reverse Northern blot을 이용하여 발현에 변화가 있는 cDNA들을 재확인한 결과, 검사된 19 cDNAs 들중 총 9종에서 발현의 변화를 보였으며, 이 중 3종은 니켈에 반응하여 발현에 증가를 보였고, 반면에 6종은 발현이 감소하였다.