한라산 주변에 발생하는 Karman Vortex Street 재현

권지혁(Kwon Ji-hyuk·Lee),이연원(Lee Yeon-won),김영덕(Kim Young-duk),박광열(Park Kwang-yul) 한국풍공학회 2006 한국풍공학회지 Vol.10 No.1

늦가을과 초본 사이 제주도 후면에 Karman vortex street가 발생한다. 이러한 vortex가 발생하기 위해서는 기온 역전층과 5 ~ 13 m/s의 지속적인 바람이 필요하다는 것을 밝히기 위한 많은 연구들이 있었다. 이러한 vortex clouds는 발생 후 주 풍향의 방향을 이동하게 된다. Karman vortex street는 기상학에서 매우 흥미로운 주제이다. 본 연구에서는 LES 난류 모델을 이용하여 Karman vortex street에 관한 해석을 수행하고 수치해석을 통해 얻은 결과와 기상 데이터가 일치함을 보였다. From late autumn to the beginning of the spring, the phenomena of the Karman vortex street have been frequently observed in the wake of Mt. Halla in the Jeju island. Some researches revealed that the necessary conditions for development of these vortex clouds are a strong low-level inversion of temperature and a persistent wind speed of 5 to 13m/s. After the cloud is formed, the vortex clouds are shed from alternating sides of Jeju island and then move downwind with main airflow stream. The Karman vortex street in the wake of the Jeju island was one of the interesting topics in meteorology. In this study, CFD using LES turbulence model was developed to investigate the Karman vortex street and the results of CFD showed a good agreement with weather data.

韓國竹林生高等菌類의 分類學的 硏究

李址烈 서울여자대학교 1977 서울여자대학논문집 Vol.- No.6

283 specimens of the higher fungi were collected at the bamboo forest of Uljin, Kyungsangbook-Do and at the other areas of Korea, Damyang Jyunranam-Do and at Kyungju, Kyungsangnam-Do during the period of August 19 to 31, 1975 and May 6, August 17, 29 and October 23, 1971 respectively. According to the results of the identification of these fungi which were composed of 4 orders, 14 families, 27 genera and 43 species, they only belong to Basidiomycetes. Among them Clitocybe cataneifloccosa S. Ito et Imai, Collybia matris S. Ito et Imai, C. erythropus (Fr.) Kummer, Oudemansiella longipes (St. Amans) Moser, Marasmiellus lactea Fr. Lepiota hetieri Boud., L. rhacodes (Vitt.) Quel, Coprinus friesii Quel, Paxillus atrotomentosus (Fr.) Fr. var bambusinus Baker et Dale and Leccinum rugosiceps (Peck) Sing. Were found to be new in Korea. On the other hand, 16 species of the tatal number of the Korean bamboo forest fungi werecommon to the bamboo forest fungi reported by T. Shidei (1974 and 1976) in Kyoto, Japan. As a result of the studies Hygrophorus pantoleucus Hongo, Clitocybe cataneifloccosa S. Ito et Imai, Collybia erythropus (Fr.) Kummer, C. matris S. Ito et Imai Marasmiellus lactea Fr. and Lepiota hetieri Boud. were fonnd to be new in bamboo forest. Attempts to investigate Korean bamboo forest higher fungi have been made by the author. These bamboos of Damyang were Phylostachys heterocycla var. pubescens and those of Kyungju and Uljin were Ph. bamboosoides while these bamboos of the ohter areas of Korea were Ph, nigra var. henonis. These fungi collected at Damyang were of various kind and the dominant species of Kyungju and Uljin etc. were Dictyophora indusiata(Pers.)Fishch. T. Shidei reported that 90 species of the fungi which belong to Basidiomycetes were found at the bamboo forests of Kyoto, Japan in 1974 and 1976. According to the results compared with those fungi found at Kyoto bamboo forest, 16 species of th total numbers of the Korean bamboo forest fungi were common to those of the fungi. They were as follows: Hygrophorus conicus, Tricholomopsis platyphylla, Collybia peronata, Armillariella mellea, Oudemansiella radicata, Lepista nuda, Agaricus subrutilescens, Lepiota procera, L. rhacodes, Coprinus friesii, Naematoloma fasciculare, Paxillus atrotomentosus var. bambusinus, Dictyophora indusiata, Mutinus caninus, Phallus inpudicus and Pacudocolus schellenbrgiae. Comparative studies of the distribution of the fungi which were separatively found at the above-mentioned areas of Korea will appear in near future. Their located places will be refered to D to Damyang, K to Kyungju, U to Uljin and A as to the other areas of Korea. Basidiomycetes 담자군강 Agaricales 송이목 Hygrophoraceae 벚꽃버섯과 Hygrophorus conicus (Fr.) Fr. (A) 붉은산벚꽃버석 H. pantoleucus Hongo (A) 흰갓주름 버섯(신칭) Pileus 1.5-2cm broad, convex, wrinkled when adult, borwnish-white, flesh white. Lamellae decurrent. Stipe 4-6cm long, 0.3-0.5 cm thick, subequal, brownish-white, hollow. Spores 5.9-10.6×4.1-5.9μ, elliptical, apiculate, grey. Cystidia 52.9-56.5×5.9-7.6μ, clavate. Hab : On ground of forests. Tricholomataceae 송이과 Clitocybe castaneifloccosa S. Ito et Imai (D) 꼬마깔대기버섯 S, Ito & Imai Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc 16:12. 1939. Pileus 0.5-1㎝ broad, funnel-shaped, plane or depressed in center, dark, yellowish brown or grayish yellow brown. Lamellae 1㎜ wide, sparse, brown. Stipe 0.5-1㎝ long 0.6-1㎜ thick brown, hollow, decurent, thick and roundish downward. Spores subglobose, 7.2-8.6×5.7-7.2μ, white, enclosed one or some oil drops, nonamyloid. Hab.: Caespitose on cut bamboo. C. acromelalga Ichimura (A) 독깔대기버섯(독) C. clavipes (Fr.) Quel. (D) 배불뚝 이깔대기버섯 Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Fr.) Sing. (D) 넓은주름버섯 T. rutilans (Fr.) Sing. (A) 솔버섯 Collybia confluens (Fr.) Kummer (D) C. erythropus (Fr.) Kummer (U) 넓은 잎버섯 (신칭) Singer, Agaricales 315. 1961. Pileus 1.5-3.3㎝ broad, convex, then nearly plane or subinfundibuliform, crumpled radiately on the surface, grey brownish-buff, lined on the margin when moist. Flesh thin, leathery. Taste acrid, Lamellae sparse, adnexed or adnate, then free, light yellow to light brown, 2-4㎜ wide. Stipe 2.5-5㎝×2-3㎜, becoming light color than pileus, stuffed, covered with light yellowish compact hair at the lower portion. Spores subglobose, apiculate, white, 7.5-11×3.5-4μ. Hab.: Caespitose, on the ground among leaves of broad-leaved tree and bamboo forest. Armillariella mellea (Fr.) Karst. (K) 뽕나무버섯 Oudemansiella longipes (St. Amans) Moser (U) 털긴 뿌리버섯(신칭) Agaricus longipes Bull. Herb. Fr. pl. 232. 1775; Collybia longipes Quel. Champ. Jura Vosg. 1:92, 1872; Xerula longipes K. Masre, Ic 1933. Pileus 1.5-5.8㎝ broad, semispherical, then convex to plane, surface yellowish brown or grey brown, covered with blackish brown, fine hairs. Flesh white. Lamellae free, yellowish white, sparse. Stipe 6-20.5㎝×3-5㎜, thickened at the base, becoming slendar downwards and grew into the ground deeply, surface clothed with compact hairs, brownish orange or dark brown, hollow. Spores globose of subglobose, 10-11.5μ. Cheilocystidia tusiform, 83-100×23-30μ. Hab. : Scattered, on the ground under pine and bamboo forest. O. radicata (Fr.) Sing. (A) 긴 뿌리버섯 ndrical, brownish velvet hair covered irregularly, stuffed, tough, flesh white, decurrent. Spores elliptical, 4.3-5.8×3.6-4.3μ, light yellowish, pseudoamyloid, hyphae from stemtrama 57.2-72.5×5.7-10μ. Clamp present very seldom. Hab.: Solitary or clustered on rottn bamboo. Boletaceae 그물버섯과 Boletus rubellus Krombh. (U) 붉은두메그물버섯 Leccinum rugosiceps (Peck) Sing. (U) 붉은 갓두메그물버섯(신칭) L. nigrescens (Richon et Roze) Sing. sensu Hongo, Boletus impolitus Fr. Fries, Epier. Myc. 421. 1838. Pileus 7-19㎝ broad, semispherical, then plane, surface muccous when moist, velet, dark yellowish brown, split. Flesh thick, yellow, light purple when bruised them. Tubes adnexed, yellow, then olive-green, 1-2㎝ long, spherical. Stipe 5-13×2.5-4㎝, thickened at the central portion, yellow, covered with orange, fine spots, solid. Spores subglobose to fusiform smoth, 9.5-13×3.5-4.5μ, olive-brown. Hab. : Scattered on the ground ane bamboo forest. Russulaceae 무당버섯과 Russula cutifracta Cooke (D) 청버섯 R. foetens Fr. (A) 애기깔대기버섯 R. fragilis (Pers.) Fr. (D) 애기무당버섯 R. nigricans Fr. (A) 절구버섯 Lactarius piperatus (Fr.) S. F. Gray (A) 굴털이 Polyporaceae 구멍장이버섯과 Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst. (D) 잔나비걸상 Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. 불노초 Gasteromycetes 복균류 Sclerodermatales 어리알버섯목 Calostomataceae 목연지버섯과 Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan (K) 먼지버섯 Phallales 말뚝버섯목 Phallaceae 말뚝버섯과 Dictyophora indusiata (pers.) Fisch. (K & U) 망태버섯 Mutinus bambusinus (Zoll.) Fisch. (A) 끝검은뱀버섯 M. coninus (Pers.) Fr. (U) 뱀버섯 Phallus impudicus pers.(A) 말뚝버섯 Pseudocolus schellenbergiae (Sumst.) Johnson (D) 세발버섯 Clathraceae 바구니버섯과 Linderia bicolumnata Lloyd (A) 게발버섯 Lycoperdales 말불버섯목 Lycoperdaceae 말불버섯과 Lasiophaera nipponica (Kawam.) Kobay. (A) 댕구알버섯

蔚珍溪谷森林地帶의 菌類플로라

李址烈 서울여자대학교 1976 서울여자대학논문집 Vol.- No.5

A floral survey of the fungi, in the forests of Uljin valley was carried out during the period of August 19 to 21, 1975. 59 species of fungi were collected and identified in this survey. They are; one species of Myxomycetes, 2 species of Ascomycetes, 55 species of Basidiomycetes and one species of Fungi Imperfecti. The dominant species are; Cantharellus cibarius Fr., Hygrocybe miniata (Fr.) Karst. and Amanita phaloides (Fr.) Secr. Collybia erythropus(Fr.) Kummer, C. peronata (Fr.) Kummer, Oudemansiella longipes (St. Amans) Moser, Lepioa alborubescens Hongo, L. rachodes (Vitt.) Qu??l, Coprinus friesii Qu??l, Rhodophyllus muraii (Berk. et Curt,) Sing., Leccinum rugosiceps (Peck) Sing., Pulveroboletus ravenellii (Berk. et Curt.) Murr. and Monilia sitophila (Montagne) Saccardo are found to be new to Korea. The red pine forests are the habitat of Tricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Sing.

韓國産그물버섯品種에 對한 硏究

李址烈 서울여자대학교 1979 서울여자대학논문집 Vol.- No.8

Leccinum hortonii (Smith et Thiers) Hongo et Nagasawa and Xerocomus astraeicola Imazeki are newly recorded for Korean fungus flora with the descriptions and illustrations.

생리식염수 및 포도당수액 정액 투여가 에탄올 농도에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구

김원율,이상래,안지영,안성훈,류석용,김경환,김홍용 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: In emergency department, there are many drunken patients with various emergency medical situations. In these patients, evaluation and management of the medical problems are delayed from time to time because of the uncooperative nature of the patients and because of consciousness and sensory changes. A precise evaluation can only be obtained when the patients become sober. For this purpose, most clinicians start IV fluid loading. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of IV fluid(normal saline and glucose solution) on the rate of ethanol clearance in such patients Methods: Ten volunteers(healthy males in their twenties and with a Michigan alcohol screening test below 4) were enrolled in this study. Alcohol intake was restricted to at least 48 hours before the test and food intake to at least 4 hours. For the test, A predetermined dose of ethanol(1 gm/kg) was given to the volunteers. Each volunteer was tested on three consecutive times with 3 or more days interval for alcohol wash out period . On the lst day, the volunteers received ethanol only per os. On the second day, they received ethanol and a liter of IV 10% dextrose solution. Each day, blood was drawn from the antecubital vein to measure the ethanol level at the time of ethanol ingestion and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after ingestion. The repeated measure ANOVA test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The difference in the blood ethanol level between the 3 test was F=1.7, p=0.184 and the difference corrected by the time factor was F=0.32, and p=0.985. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the blood ethanol level between the tests. In conclusion, the IV normal saline or glucose solution does not accelerate ethanol clearance in suffering

역추적 에이전트를 이용한 역추적 시스템 설계 및 구현

정종민,이지율,이구연 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 産業技術硏究 Vol.22 No.B

It is very important to detect and remove original sources of DOS (Denial of Service) attacks or connection oriented/connectionless attacks. In this paper, we implement a traceback system that does not require the reaction of routers and administrators and does not need log data. We bring in a traceback server and traceback agents in each network and use sniffing and spoofing schemes. Finally, the traceback server detects attacking hosts using information transmitted from traceback agents.

광중합형 레진으로 아말감 면에 브라켓 접착 시 전단결합 강도

임용규,조지영,이동렬 대한치과교정학회 발행 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.6

본 연구는 아말감 면에 광중합형 레진으로 교정용 브라켓을 접착시킬 경우, 광원의 차이(할로겐 광중합기와 light-emitting diode (LED) 광중합기)와 샌드블라스팅 표면처리 여부에 따른 접착제의 전단결합강도를 비교하고자 시행되었다. 발거된 소구치 30개를 대조군으로 이용하였으며, 법랑질 표면을 산부식한 후 통상적인 방법으로 브라켓을 접착하였다. 60개의 다른 소구치에 아말감 충전을 하여 실험군으로 이용하였다. 두 군에서 할로겐 광중합기와 LED 광중합기를 이용하여 브라켓을 접착시키고 브라켓이 탈락될 때까지 힘을 가해 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 실험군의 전단결합강도는 약 3-5.5 MPa로 대조군(19MPa)보다 낮았다. 실험군에서 샌드블라스팅 표면처리를 한 경우, 할로겐 광중합기를 사용한 군이 LED 광중합기를 사용한 군보다 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으나 (p<0.05), 샌드블라스팅 표면처리를 하지 않은 경우에는 광원에 따라 전단결합강도에 차이를 보이지 않았다. (p>0.05). 할로겐 광중합 군과 LED 광중합 군 모두에서 샌드블라스팅 여부에 따른 전단결합강도에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). 아말감 면에 광중합형 레진을 이용하여 브라켓을 접착할 경우, 할로겐 광중합기와 LED 광중합기로 얻을 수 있는 접착제의 결합강도는 임상적으로 사용하기에는 낮게 나타나, 이의 증진 방법을 도모하기 위해 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다. This study was performed to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesive to amalgam according to different light sources (halogen-based light and light emitting diode (LED)) and amalgam surface treatments. Ninety extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups (4 experimental and 2 control groups) of 15 by light sources and surface treatments. Orthodontic brackets were bonded and shear bond strength was measured with an Instron universal testing machine. The findings were as follows: The bond strength of adhesive to amalgam surface was 3-5.5 MPa which was lower than that of acid-etched enamel (19 MPa) control. In the sandblasted amalgam surface, the shear bond strength of the halogen light group was higher than that of the LED group (p<0.05) but, in the non-treated amalgam surface, there was no significant difference in the shear bond strength according to the light sources (p>0.05). Within the same light source. sandblasting had no significant effect on the shear bond strength of the adhesive bonded to amalgam surface (p>0.05). there was no significant difference in shear bond strength according to the light sources in acid-etched enamel control groups. This results suggerst that there can be a limit in using light curing adhesives when brackets are bonded to an amalgam surface. Additional clinical studies are necessary before routine use of halogen light and LED light curing units can be recommended in bonding brackets to an amalgam surface.

The Higher Fungi of Kwangneung Forest Institute(Ⅰ)

Lee, Ji Yul 한국식물학회 1973 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.16 No.3-4

Twenty-six species of the higher fungi were collected and identified from Mt. Sori in Kwangneung, Kyeongki-do, Korea, during the period of three months, beginning July 1, 1972. Among them the following were recognized newly to occur in Korea: Camarophyllus virgineus(Fr.) Karst., Rhodophyllus crassipes(Imaz. et Toki) Imaz. et Hongo and Agrocybe pediades(Fr.) Fayod.

Case Reports : Vulvar Skin Metastasis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

( Ji Hoon Sim ),( Jung Eun Kim ),( Sang Hoon Lee ),( Moon Kyun Cho ),( Jong Suk Lee ),( Sung Yul Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.2s

In this study, we examined a case where lung cancer metastasized to the vulvar area. A 79-year-old woman that was a heavy smoker was referred to our department with a short (two-week) history of dyspnea, and with a painful nodule on her right labium majora, which she had noticed almost three years earlier. Histopathologically, the specimen appeared as a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The chest X-ray, chest computerized tomography scan, and percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy via bronchoscopy revealed squamous cell carcinoma in the right upper lobe of the lung. Based on these clinical and histopathological findings, we concluded that her condition was skin metastasis at the right labium majora from the lung cancer, which occurs very rarely. (Ann Dermatol 23(S2) S179~S181, 2011)

Crack-Release Transfer Method of Wafer-Scale Grown Graphene Onto Large-Area Substrates

Lee, Jooho,Kim, Yongsung,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Lee, ChangSeung,Lee, Dongwook,Lee, Sunghee,Moon, Chang-Yul,Lee, Su Chan,Kim, Sun Jun,Ji, Jae Hoon,Yoon, Hyong Seo,Jun, Seong Chan American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.15

<P>We developed a crack-release graphene transfer technique for opening up possibilities for the fabrication of graphene-based devices. Graphene film grown on metal catalysts/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si wafer should be scathelessly peeled for sequent transferring to a target substrate. However, when the graphene is grown on the metal catalyst on a silicon substrate, there is a large tensile stress resulting from the difference of the coefficient of thermal expansion in the catalyst and silicon. The conventional methods of detaching graphene from metal catalysts were found to induce considerable mechanical damage on graphene films during separation processes including metal wet etching. Here we report a new technique wherein bubbles generated by electrolysis reaction separate thin metal catalysts from the SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si wafer. The dry attachment of graphene to the target wafer was processed utilizing a wafer to wafer bonding technique in a vacuum. We measured the microscopic image, Raman spectra, and electrical properties of the transferred graphene. The optical and electrical properties of the graphene transferred by the bubbles/dry method are better than those of the graphene obtained by mechanical/wet transfer.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-15/am502565z/production/images/medium/am-2014-02565z_0005.gif'></P>