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An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxides
Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad,Choudary, Jamil Anwar,Ahmad, Saeed Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.11
An efficient and environment friendly method has been described for the synthesis of various 2-alkyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxides starting from N-alkylation of sodium obenzosulfimide in an ionic liquid for the first time. Ring cleavage and ring closure of the resulting product were achieved in a single step in a cost effective solvent (methanol) followed by N-alkylation of resulting alkyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate in ionic liquid while boron triflouride was used as a catalyst along with molecular sieves in carboxamide formation step.
An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxides
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman,Jamil Anwar Choudary,Saeed Ahmad 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.11
An efficient and environment friendly method has been described for the synthesis of various 2-alkyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxides starting from N-alkylation of sodium o-benzosulfimide in an ionic liquid for the first time. Ring cleavage and ring closure of the resulting product were achieved in a single step in a cost effective solvent (methanol) followed by N-alkylation of resulting alkyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate in ionic liquid while boron triflouride was used as a catalyst along with molecular sieves in carboxamide formation step.
Adaptive Thresholding Technique for Segmentation and Juxtapleural Nodules Inclusion in Lung Segments
Muhammad Zia ur Rehman,Syed Omer Gilani,Syed Irtiza Ali Shah,Mohsin Jamil,Irfanullah,Shahid Ikramullah Butt 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.5
Early diagnosis of lung cancer plays crucial role in the improvement of patients' chances of survival. Computer aided detection (CAD) system has been a groundbreaking step in the timely diagnosis and identification of potential nodules (lesions). CAD system starts detection process by extracting lung regions from CT scan images, this step narrows down the region for detection. Hence saving the time consumption and reducing false positives outside the lung regions that results in the improvement of specificity of system. Proper lung segmentation significantly increases the performance of CAD systems. Different algorithms are presented by various researchers to improve segmentation results. An intensity based approach is presented in this paper for the segmentation of parenchyma and the goal is to achieve reasonable segmentation results in less time. Algorithm used in this paper is based on the Intensity based thresholding which is the fastest method for image segmentation. Images used in this research to analyze algorithm's result are taken from Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC). Twenty random cases were picked, each having different number of slices (128 to 300). Algorithm is implemented using MatlabR2014 and a system with processor of 2.6 GHz and RAM of 4 GB. Total time taken for a single case of 128 images was 6.3 seconds and hence with an average of 49 milli sec/slice.
Static, Harmonic and Fatigue Analysis of a Casing Oscillator
Atta ur Rehman Shah(샤아따울레만),Addul Wasy Zia(압둘와지지아),Kim Chang Uk(김창욱),Song Jung-il(송정일) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5
Casing oscillators are used to extract rocks and soil from depth of the earth during foundation work of buildings, bridges and drilling operations. Hydraulic piston cylinders are used in this equipment to produce torque for shaking of the pipe inside the drill hole. Due to the consistent torque loadings the oscillator is always under a vibrating load of known frequency. Hence there occurs fatigue failure in some parts of the machinery. This study is a finite element analysis of an existing design of the casing oscillator under the operating conditions. Static, harmonic and fatigue analyses are performed under real loadings. Critical areas of the design and fatigue life of the components are predicted.
A Multi-Group Analysis of Risk Management Practices of Public and Private Commercial Banks
Khurram REHMAN,Hadi Hassan KHAN,Bilal SARWAR,Noor MUHAMMAD,Wahab AHMED,Zia Ur REHMAN 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11
The study examines the relationship between credit risk and operational risk (understanding of risk management, risk identification, risk assessment and control, and risk monitoring) on risk management practices followed by private and public sector commercial banks. The cross-sectional data method was used to check the impact of risk management practices. Data was collected from the bank employees and a total of 284 respondents were finally selected for further analysis. Measurement Invariance of Composite Models analysis is used to test the quality of the measurement model for sub-samples, and multi-group analysis is used for path analysis in sub-sample through PLS-SEM. The findings of the study as the total sample show that both types of banks are managing adequate and significant risk management practices. On the other hand, sub-groups’ results show private sector banks are more momentous than public sector banks. Risk identification is significantly different at the sub-group level, which shows public sector banks are more concentrating on this type of risk. Understanding of risk management has no significant effect on both types of banks and risk assessment & control for public sector banks, and there is a difference in the risk management practices among private and public sector commercial banks.
LATTICE ORDERED SOFT NEAR RINGS
Mahmood, Tahir,Rehman, Zia Ur,Sezgin, Aslihan The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2018 한국수학논문집 Vol.26 No.3
Keeping in view the expediency of soft sets in algebraic structures and as a mathematical approach to vagueness, in this paper the concept of lattice ordered soft near rings is introduced. Different properties of lattice ordered soft near rings by using some operations of soft sets are investigated. The concept of idealistic soft near rings with respect to lattice ordered soft near ring homomorphisms is deliberated.
Khalid Farooq,Zia ur Rehman,Muqadas Shahzadi,Hassan Mujtaba,Usama Khalid 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.1
In this paper, Desirability Optimization Methodology (DOM) is employed to achieve optimum sand bentonite mixture (SBM) based on multiple antagonist macro-geotechnical responses of the compacted SBM prepared using poorly graded sand with the mean grain size around 0.2 mm and bentonite with plasticity index around 157% for the stable engineered barriers (EBs). For this purpose, varying mix designs of SBM compacted at compaction energy of 2,700 kN-m/m3 are initially tested to determine their mechanical properties, volumetric-change behavior, and hydraulic conductivity. The unconfined compressive strength, cohesion, angle of internal fiction, swell pressure, compression index, and hydraulic conductivity are taken as the geotechnical design parameters for the SBM. Mathematical models are developed and statistically validated for these design parameters using sand content (SC) and bentonite content (BC) as the predictors. In addition, models are also developed to predict compression curves for compacted SBMs. Moreover, microstructural evaluation is conducted through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis to determine the SBM having a desirable microstructure for stable EB. It is observed that a major shift in the microstructure from medium pores to micro-pores occurs for the BC between 20% and 30%. Afterward, optimization of SBM is carried out by integrating developed models for the geotechnical design parameters in a desirability function (D) algorithm, which is subsequently simulated by setting maximization of strength and minimization of swell pressure, compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of compacted SBM as the goals. A reasonably high D-value is achieved for the SBMs having SC:BC in a range of 74:26 to 78:22 with the highest at 75.63:24.37 against the set goals. This study manifests an effective and pragmatic strategy for designing the SBM for a stable EB considering its antagonist hydraulic, volumetric change, and mechanical responses.
Carbonic anhydrase influences asymmetric sodium and acetate transport across omasum of sheep
Rabbani, Imtiaz,Rehman, Habib,Martens, Holger,Majeed, Khalid Abdul,Yousaf, Muhammad Shahbaz,Rehman, Zia Ur Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.5
Objective: Omasum is an important site for the absorption of short chain fatty acids. The major route for the transport of acetate is via sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE). However, a discrepancy in the symmetry of sodium and acetate transport has been previously reported, the mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) for this asymmetry. Methods: Omasal tissues were isolated from healthy sheep (N = 3) and divided into four groups; pH 7.4 and 6.4 alone and in combination with Ethoxzolamide. Electrophysiological measurements were made using Ussing chamber and the electrical measurements were made using computer controlled voltage clamp apparatus. Effect(s) of CA inhibitor on acetate and sodium transport flux rate of Na22 and 14C-acetate was measured in three different flux time periods. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation and level of significance was ascertained at p≤0.05. Results: Mucosal to serosal flux of Na (JmsNa) was greater than mucosal to serosal flux of acetate (JmsAc) when the pH was decreased from 7.4 to 6.4. However, the addition of CA inhibitor almost completely abolished this discrepancy (JmsNa ≈ JmsAc). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the additional protons required to drive the NHE were provided by the CA enzyme in the isolated omasal epithelium. The findings of this study also suggest that the functions of CA may be exploited for better absorption in omasum.
Khalid Mahmood Zia,Shahid Adeel,Fazal-ur- Rehman,Habiba Aslam,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Mohammad Zuber 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.77 No.-
The current research presents the exploration of coloring potential of neem bark under the influence ofultrasonic treatment. It is found that good color strength is obtained when tannin from bark is extractedin acidified methanol medium and is used to dye irradiated cotton fabric. New shades and good ratings offastness were obtained when optimal fabric was mordanted with herbal biomolecules where excellentrating has been obtained after bio-mordanting the fabrics under optimal conditions. It is concluded thatUS treatment being green tool in natural dyeing has a great potential to isolate colorants from plantsources under mild conditions.