Effects of Enzymolysis on the Functional Ingredient Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Enzymatic Extracts from Rice Bran and Correlation Analysis

Yuxin Wang,Guoping Yu,Anmin Sun,Xinghang Cai,Chonghui Yue 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.5

Effects of different hydrolytic conditions on functional ingredient contents and antioxidant activities of aqueous enzymatic extracts from rice bran (AEERB) were evaluated and correlations were determined. After trypsin hydrolysis under weak alkalescent conditions, the soluble protein, total phenolic, α-tocopherol, and γ-oryzanol contents of AEERB were increased. Excessively high temperatures (>60℃) and long hydrolysis times (>2.0 h) were not suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis. The free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, and total antioxidant activity were used for evaluation of the antioxidant activity. AEERB displayed an antioxidant activity and correlations of concentration levels of functional ingredients with antioxidant activity were significantly (p<0.05) positive.

Zoning Permanent Basic Farmland Based on Artificial Immune System coupling with spatial constraints

( Wang Hua ),( Wang Mengyu ),( Zhu Yuxin ),( Niu Jiqiang ),( Chen Xueye ),( Zhang Yang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.5

The red line of Permanent Basic Farmland is the most important part in the “three-line” demarcation of China’s national territorial development plan. The scientific and reasonable delineation of the red line is a major strategic measure being taken by China to improve its ability to safeguard the practical interests of farmers and guarantee national food security. The delineation of Permanent Basic Farmland zoning (DPBFZ) is essentially a multi-objective optimization problem. However, the traditional method of demarcation does not take into account the synergistic development goals of conservation of cultivated land utilization, ecological conservation, or urban expansion. Therefore, this research introduces the idea of artificial immune optimization and proposes a multi-objective model of DPBFZ red line delineation based on a clone selection algorithm. This research proposes an objective functional system consisting of these three sub-objectives: optimal quality of cropland, spatially concentrated distribution, and stability of cropland. It also takes into consideration constraints such as the red line of ecological protection, topography, and space for major development projects. The mathematical formal expressions for the objectives and constraints are given in the paper, and a multi-objective optimal decision model with multiple constraints for the DPBFZ problem is constructed based on the clone selection algorithm. An antibody coding scheme was designed according to the spatial pattern of DPBFZ zoning. In addition, the antibody-antigen affinity function, the clone mechanism, and mutation strategy were constructed and improved to solve the DPBFZ problem with a spatial optimization feature. Finally, Tongxu County in Henan province was selected as the study area, and a controlled experiment was set up according to different target preferences. The results show that the model proposed in this paper is operational in the work of delineating DPBFZ. It not only avoids the adverse effects of subjective factors in the delineation process but also provides multiple scenarios DPBFZ layouts for decision makers by adjusting the weighting of the objective function.

Spatial Characteristics and Driving Forces of Cultivated Land Changes by Coupling Spatial Autocorrelation Model and Spatial-temporal Big Data

( Wang Hua ),( Zhu Yuxin ),( Wang Mengyu ),( Niu Jiqiang ),( Chen Xueye ),( Zhang Yang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.2

With the rapid development of information technology, it is now possible to analyze the spatial patterns of cultivated land and its evolution by combining GIS, geostatistical analysis models and spatiotemporal big data for the dynamic monitoring and management of cultivated land resources. The spatial pattern of cultivated land and its evolutionary patterns in Luoyang City, China from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and spatial autoregressive models on the basis of GIS technology. It was found that: (1) the area of cultivated land in Luoyang decreased then increased between 2009 and 2019, with an overall increase of 0.43% in 2019 compared to 2009, with cultivated land being dominant in the overall landscape of Luoyang; (2) cultivated land holdings in Luoyang are highly spatially autocorrelated, with the ‘high-high’-type area being concentrated in the border area directly north and northeast of Luoyang, while the ‘low-low’-type area is concentrated in the south and in the municipal area of Luoyang, and being heavily influenced by topography and urbanization. The expansion determined during the study period mainly took place in the Luoyang City, with most of it being transferred from the ‘high-low’-type area; (3) elevation, slope and industrial output values from analysis of the bivariate spatial autocorrelation and spatial autoregressive models of the drivers all had significant effects on the amount of cultivated land holdings, with elevation having a positive effect, and slope and industrial output having a negative effect.

Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics to Different Salicylic Acid Concentrations in Relation to Waterlogging Resistance in Zanthoxylum armatum

Peiyun Wang,Chengyi Su,Jiaojiao Wu,Yuxin Xie,Jiangtao Fan,Jingyan Wang,Wenkai Hui,Hua Yang,Wei Gong 한국원예학회 2023 원예과학기술지 Vol.41 No.4

Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae) is an important spice and a traditional medicinal plant in southwest China. Owing to its shallow root system, it is highly susceptible to waterlogging stress. To evaluate how an exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application reduces photosynthetic damage in Z. armatum under waterlogging stress conditions, the content of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied under different SA concentrations (0, 1 and 2 mM) and different numbers of waterlogging days (1, 2 and 3 d) to identify the mechanisms underlying the seedlings’ waterlogging response. The results showed that waterlogging significantly affects the photosynthetic characteristics in leaves. An exogenous SA application increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments as well as the transpiration rate (Tr), net leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), actual quantum efficiency (ΦPSII), photosystem II (PSII) maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSII photochemical efficiency in light (Fv'/Fm'), and electron transport rate (ETR), whereas the treatment decreased the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) and minimum fluorescence (Fo). Therefore, the SA application helps improve the photosynthetic efficiency and reduce photodamage to Z. armatum in the event of waterlogging stress.

Astragaloside IV Prevents Obesity-Associated Hypertension by Improving Pro-Inflammatory Reaction and Leptin Resistance

Jiang, Ping,Ma, Dufang,Wang, Xue,Wang, Yongcheng,Bi, Yuxin,Yang, Jinlong,Wang, Xuebing,Li, Xiao Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.3

Low-grade pro-inflammatory state and leptin resistance are important underlying mechanisms that contribute to obesity-associated hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that Astragaloside IV (As IV), known to counteract obesity and hypertension, could prevent obesity-associated hypertension by inhibiting pro-inflammatory reaction and leptin resistance. High-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the HFD control group (HF con group), As IV group, and the As IV + ${\alpha}$-bungaratoxin (${\alpha}-BGT$) group (As IV+${\alpha}-BGT$ group). As IV ($20mg{\cdot}Kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) was administrated to rats for 6 weeks via daily oral gavage. Body weight and blood pressure were continuously measured, and NE levels in the plasma and renal cortex was evaluated to reflect the sympathetic activity. The expressions of leptin receptor (LepRb) mRNA, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) mRNA, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA were measured by Western blot or qRT-PCR to evaluate the hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. Additionally, we measured the protein or mRNA levels of ${\alpha}7nAChR$, inhibitor of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ kinase subunit ${\beta}/nuclear$ factor ${\kappa}B$ ($IKK{\beta}/NF-KB$) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$) in hypothalamus and adipose tissue to reflect the anti-inflammatory effects of As IV through upregulating expression of ${\alpha}7nAChR$. We found that As IV prevented body weight gain and adipose accumulation, and also improved metabolic disorders in HFD rats. Furthermore, As IV decreased BP and HR, as well as NE levels in blood and renal tissue. In the hypothalamus, As IV alleviated leptin resistance as evidenced by the increased p-STAT3, LepRb mRNA and POMC mRNA, and decreased p-PI3K, SOCS3 mRNA, and PTP1B mRNA. The effects of As IV on leptin sensitivity were related in part to the up-regulated ${\alpha}7nAchR$ and suppressed $IKK{\beta}/NF-KB$ signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, since co-administration of ${\alpha}7nAChR$ selective antagonist ${\alpha}-BGT$ could weaken the improved effect of As IV on central leptin resistance. Our study suggested that As IV could efficiently prevent obesityassociated hypertension through inhibiting inflammatory reaction and improving leptin resistance; furthermore, these effects of As IV was partly related to the increased ${\alpha}7nAchR$ expression.

Astragaloside IV Prevents Obesity-Associated Hypertension by Improving Pro-Inflammatory Reaction and Leptin Resistance

Ping Jiang,Dufang Ma,Xue Wang,Yongcheng Wang,Yuxin Bi,Jinlong Yang,Xuebing Wang,Xiao Li 한국분자세포생물학회 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.3

Low-grade pro-inflammatory state and leptin resistance are important underlying mechanisms that contribute to obesityassociated hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that Astragaloside IV (As IV), known to counteract obesity and hypertension, could prevent obesity-associated hypertension by inhibiting pro-inflammatory reaction and leptin resistance. High-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the HFD control group (HF con group), As IV group, and the As IV + α-bungaratoxin (α-BGT) group (As IV+α-BGT group). As IV (20 mg·Kg-1·d-1) was administrated to rats for 6 weeks via daily oral gavage. Body weight and blood pressure were continuously measured, and NE levels in the plasma and renal cortex was evaluated to reflect the sympathetic activity. The expressions of leptin receptor (LepRb) mRNA, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) mRNA, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA were measured by Western blot or qRT-PCR to evaluate the hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. Additionally, we measured the protein or mRNA levels of α7nAChR, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase subunit β/nuclear factor κB (IKKβ/NF-KB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in hypothalamus and adipose tissue to reflect the anti-inflammatory effects of As IV through upregulating expression of α7nAChR. We found that As IV prevented body weight gain and adipose accumulation, and also improved metabolic disorders in HFD rats. Furthermore, As IV decreased BP and HR, as well as NE levels in blood and renal tissue. In the hypothalamus, As IV alleviated leptin resistance as evidenced by the increased p-STAT3, LepRb mRNA and POMC mRNA, and decreased p-PI3K, SOCS3 mRNA, and PTP1B mRNA. The effects of As IV on leptin sensitivity were related in part to the up-regulated α7nAchR and suppressed IKKβ/NF-KB signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, since co-administration of α7nAChR selective antagonist α-BGT could weaken the improved effect of As IV on central leptin resistance. Our study suggested that As IV could efficiently prevent obesityassociated hypertension through inhibiting inflammatory reaction and improving leptin resistance; furthermore, these effects of As IV was partly related to the increased α7nAchR expression.

Molecular Cloning of Three UDP-Glucuronate Decarboxylase Genes That Are Preferentially Expressed In Gossypium Fibers From Elongation to Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis

Yuxin Pan,Xingfen Wang,Hengwei Liu,Guiyin Zhang,Zhiying Ma 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.54 No.5

UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) is a nucleotide sugar used as substrate for producing non-cellulose materials, e. g., hemicellulose and pectic polysaccharide, in the fibers of cotton (Gossypium). Its biosynthesis is catalyzed from UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) by UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase (UXS). Here, we first cloned GhUXS1 in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense based on a transcript-derived fragment that originated from our cDNA–AFLP transcriptome profiling in cotton. GhUXS2and GhUXS3 were also isolated via homology-based cloning. GhUXS nucleotide sequences were identical between the two species, and the deduced amino acid residues had the conserved motif of the UXS family, i.e.,GxxGxxG, Ser residues, and YxxxK. GhUXS1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and generated UXS activity that converted UDP-GlcA to UDP-Xyl. Semiquantitative RT-PCR results showed that GhUXSs transcripts were preferentially expressed during fiber development, from elongation through the stage of secondary cell wall synthesis. Although at the same number of days postanthesis they were more abundant in G. hirsutum, expression was sustained for a longer period in G. barbadense. These different patterns of expression may affect quality and partially explain why the latter species has better fiber strength.

UHPLC–HRMS based saponins profiling of three morphological regions in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) and their correlation with the antioxidant activity

Yuxin Bai,Guangzhi Cai,Na Guo,Xin Huang,Jiyu Gong,Shu-Ying Liu,Yun-Long Guo,Wei Wang 한국식품과학회 2024 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.33 No.7

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is used as tonic plant and high-grade nourishment. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) method was established for identifying the chemical constituent in three morphological regions of American ginseng, including main root (MR), rhizome (RH) and lateral root (LR). The 63 saponins was identified in different morphological regions of 10 American ginseng samples. The chemical maker compounds in corresponding morphological region, while the major compounds of MR (malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd, Rs2 and pseudo-RC1), LR (stipuleanoside R2, ginsenoside Re and malonyl-ginsenoside Rc), and RH (malonyl-ginsenoside Rd, Rb3, and chikusetsu saponin II) were discovered. Correlation analysis showed that 11 compounds were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity of American ginseng.

Auditory Feature Driven Model Predictive Control for Sound Source Approaching

Zhiqing Wang,Wei Zou,Hongxuan Ma,Chi Zhang,Yuxin Guo,Wei Zhang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.2

Sound source approaching is a typical task for the robot with auditory sensing. Many existing methods are based on sound source localization (SSL), and utilize the explicit location as the control input. To reduce the localization computation cost and improve the robustness against noise and reverberation, we propose a novel auditory feature driven model predictive control (AFD-MPC) method, which directly uses the auditory feature as the control input. First, a new convolution-ternarization based interaural time difference (CT-ITD) estimation method is proposed, which is more robust to noise and reverberation by eliminating signal spikes and irrelevant components. Second, a new system model is derived and established, which directly links the robot motions and the interaural time difference (ITD) feature. Third, AFD-MPC is realized based on the proposed CT-ITD feature estimation and system model. The states at multiple future time steps are predicted based on the system model, and a control objective function considering both target approaching and motion smoothness is designed. By involving the multi-step future states in the control objective function, the control outcome is more smooth on motion trajectory and more robust to instantaneous interferences. A series of experiments such as static and dynamic sound source approaching are conducted on a mobile robot equipped with a small-sized 6-microphone array to validate the effectiveness of our methods.

Superhydrophobic Ag–Cu Composite Metal Film as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate

Jianchao Wang,Hongsheng Luo,Xuliang Song,Xihong Zu,Jie Zhang,Yuxin Gu,Guobin Yi 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2018 NANO Vol.13 No.7

In this paper, a superhydrophobic Ag–Cu composite metal film was fabricated as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate. Ag–Cu composite metal film was prepared from galvanic displacement on commercial copper foil. The prepared silver films were modified by PFDT to create a stable superhydrophobic SERS platform. Superhydrophobic substrates were characterized by a variety of characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, XPS and Raman spectra. The superhydrophobic substrate could enrich probing molecules with the volatilization of solvent. Mathematical model was presented and applied to investigate concentration factor of hydrophobic substrate. The measurements were in good agreement with the calculation results. The superhydrophobic Ag–Cu composite metal film can reduce the detection limits and provide a new way to prepare efficient SERS substrates for ultra-low concentration detection.