기후변화와 키메라현상에 대한 계층 간의 관계인식

백정애(Jungae Baik),김인경(In Kyoung Kim),김진영(Jin Yung Kim),노용환(Yong Hwan Noh),배선영(Sunyoung Bae),우명원(Myoung Won Woo),장혁기(Hyukki Chang),조성돈(Sung Don Cho),장매희(Maehee Chiang) 인간식물환경학회 2011 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.14 No.3

This study was investigated to research the basis of interdisciplinary fusion through the survey on the basis of the answers of professionals and general public, gender, humanities, science and engineering about the question of climate change and chimera which is one of the various phenomena that affect the human life. All respondents’ perceptions of climate change was high and natural disasters was showed the most destruction according to climate change. The answer of awareness of climate change and the damage, chimerism was significant differences between age groups sex, specialized domain-specific individuals. In addition, a group of respondents for science and engineering professionals was higher for awareness of climate change and the chimerism and heir negative opinion for chimerism was relatively low in comparison of other research groups.

1990년대 간경변증의 원인, 합병증, 사망원인의 변화에 관한 고찰

김병호,김경진,김효종,장린,이정일,동석호,이동근,한요셉,장영운,백일현 대한간학회 2000 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.6 No.3

$quot;목적: 우리나라에서 간경변증의 가장 중요한 원인은 B형 간염이지만 최근 C형 간염에 의한 경우가 늘고 있으며, 알코올성 간경변증은 드문 것으로 알려져 있으나 음주 인구 및 음주량의 증가로 빈도가 증가되었을 것으로 추측된다. 또한 진단 기술의 발달, 정맥류 출혈 치료의 발전, 간세포암의 조기진단 및 치료법의 발달로 간경변의 진단 시기 및 사망원인 등에도 변화가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이에 연자 등은 C형 간염 진단이 가능하게 된 1991년 이후의 환자를 대상으로 간경변증의 원인, 진단 시기, 합병증 및 사망원인의 변화 등을 조사하여 비교, 분석하였다. 대상과 방법: 1991년부터 1998년까지 경희대학교 병원에 입원하여 간경변증으로 진단된 1157명의 환자를 대상으로 원인, 합병증의 발생빈도, 사망원인에 대하여 병력기록을 후향적으로 분석하였으며, 이들 결과를 전ㆍ후반기로 나누어 비교하였다. 결과: 간경변증 환자 1157명 중 남자가 848명(73.3%)으로 많았으며, 전ㆍ후반기의 차이는 없었다. 환자의 연령은 전반기 51.4±11.1세, 후반기 51.2±11.2세로 차이가 없었으며, B형 간염이나 알코올에 의한 경우도 유사한 양상이었다. 그러나 C형 간염에 의한 경우는 약 10세 높은 연령), 알코올(12.7%, 20.0%), C형 간염(8.5%, 17.5%) 순으로 후반기에 알코올이나 C형 간염에 의한 경우가 증가하였으나 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 사망환자 249명의 원인 분석에서 전ㆍ후반기 모두 간부전(38.7%, 40.2%)이 가장 많았고, 그 이외 전반기는 정맥류 출혈(20.0%), 간암(18.7%), 간신증후군 순(11.3%)이었고 후반기는 간신증후군(19.2%), 정맥류 출혈(16.2%), 간암(11.2%) 순으로 간신증후군은 증가하고 정맥류출혈은 감소하는 경향이었으나 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 결론: 1990년대 간경변증의 원인은 과거와 마찬가지로 B형 바이러스 감염이 가장 많았지만, 알코올성 간경변증의 빈도가 약 30%로 과거에 비하여 증가한 것으로 생각되었다. C형 간염바이러스 감염에 의한 경우는 빈도의 변화 없이 약 10세 높은 연령에서 진단되었다. 간경변증의 진단은 점차 간경변 초기에 진단되는 경우가 증가하였다. 간경변증의 사망원인 중 정맥류 출혈은 점차 감소한 반면 간경변증 말기에 나타나는 간신증후군에 의한 경우가 증가하는 경향을 보였다$quot;. $quot;Background: Alcoholic liver disease has increased. The causes of death in liver cirrhosis have changed. The author tried to categorize the etiology and complications of liver cirrhosis and analyze the causes of death in the 1990s. Method: The author retrospectively reviewed medical records of 1,175 patients diagnosed as having liver cirrhosis at Kyung Hee University Hospital from January 1991 through December 1998. The etiology, complications and the cause of death were compared between the early (1991-1994) and the late (1995-1998) periods. Results: The proportion of male patients (73.3%) was still about 3 times that of female patients. There was no difference in age at the time of diagnosis between early and late periods (51.4 11.1 and 51.2 11.2 years respectively). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was still the most common cause of liver cirrhosis (57.0%) and alcohol was the next (31.1%). The complications of liver cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis were, in order: esophageal varices, ascites, and variceal bleeding. But there was no significant difference between the periods. The proportion of Child grade B was the most common at the time of diagnosis in both periods, but Child grade A increased in the late period. The most common cause of death was liver failure and the next cause was variceal bleeding in the early period. Hepatorenal syndrome was the second most common cause in the late period. Conclusion: There was no change in the etiology between early and late periods. HBV infection was still the most common etiology but the incidence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis might have increased in the 1990s. The proportion of the Child B at initial diagnosis was the highest (around 50%) but that of Child A increased in the late period. Among the causes of death, liver failure and hepatorenal syndrome had a tendency to increase in the late period$quot;.

악안면 보철용 실리콘의 물리적 특성 및 색조안정성에 관한 연구

박찬진,김창회,김영수,Park, Chan-Jin,Kim, Chang-Whe,Kim, Yung-Soo 대한치과보철학회 1997 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Extraoral maxillofacial prostheses are essential for restoring facial structures that are lost as a result of congenital missing, injuries from accidents, surgical treatments of head and neck cancer. Recently, silicone is the most useful material for this purpose and is more advantageous than other maxillofacial prosthetic materials. However, there are some problems for long-term usage of silicone prostheses due to tear and color change. These are major contributing environmental factors to those problems that are such as ultraviolet light, cleansing agents, changes in humidity and successive adhesion and removal. The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical properties and color changes of maxillofacial prosthetic silicone material by those environmental factors using A-2186 silicone material (Factor II, USA) and two pigments, cadmium yellow medium and cosmetic red. Aluminium molds were fabricated according to the ASTM No. D412 & D624 specifications and resulted specimens from molds were fabicated and treated as follows. Control group and experimental I group were fabricated with 0.1% wt. pigment mixing in silicone elastomer and II-1 group, II-2 group of experimental II group were fabricated with 0.2%, 0.3% wt. pigment mixing in silicone elastomer, respectively. Control group was kept in darkroom at room temperature, I-1 group was kept under natural sunlight during 1week, I-2 group was soaked in 20% soap water during 1wk. I-3 group was successively adhered and removed 200 times on inner region of arm using Daro adhesive-33. Experimental II groups were kept in darkroom at room temperature. Instron universal testing machine was used to measure the % elongation, tensile strength, tear strength of control, experimental I, II groups and reflectance spectrophotometer(COLOR EYE-3000, Macbeth, USA) was used to measure the color differences between control group and experimental I group. The results were as follows : 1. When compared with control group, natural weathering group and 20% soap-water soaking group had no significant differences in % elongation(p>0.05). 2. 200 times successive adhesion and removal group, 0.2% wt. pigment group and 0.3% wt. pigment group had significant decreases in % elongation(p<0.05). 3. Natural weathering group, 20% soap-water soaking group and 200 times successive adhesion and removal group had no significant differences in tensile strength (p>0.05). 4. 0.2%, 0.3% wt. pigment groups had significant decreases in tensile strength(p<0.05). 5. Values of all experimental groups were decreased in tear strength. and 200 times successive adhesion and removal group had significant decrease in tear strength(p<0.05). 6. Natural weathering group and 20% soap-water soaking group had significant color differences(${\Delta}E$) and it could be detectable to naked eye(p<0.05). 7. Color differences between control group and 200 times adhesion and removal group were not detectable to the naked eye (${\Delta}E<1.0$).

사람 HPRT 유전자 발현벡터 제조와 생쥐 Sp2/0 myeloma 세포주에서의 발현

고창보,김용만,김영진,백상기 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.24 No.1

To construct expression vector for the human HPRT gene, pRSVneo plasmid conferring resistance to neomycin-kanamycin(Tn5) antibiotics and pHPT 31 containing human HPRT cDNA were used to subclone human HPRT cDNA. For construction of recombinant pRSVneo carrying human HPRT, pRSVneo-HPRT, the human HPRT cDNA fragment from pHPT31 plasmid was inserted into polyadenylation site (BamHI site) behind the neo gene fragment of pRSVneo plasmid. For the other expression vector, pRSV-HPRT, the neo gene and small portion of the untranslated 5′franking region were removed from the pRSVneo-HPRT. The HPRT gene of the two vectors were constructed in right orientation. Each recombinant vector was introduced into cultured HPRT-deficient mouse cell line, Sp2/0 by calcium mediated DNA transfection and the transfected cells were selected under HAT selection condition. The HPRT activity of the lysates from the selected cell was higher than that of the lysates from spleen cells of mouse. The HPRT activity of pRSVneo-HPRT vector was higher than that of pRSV-HPRT one. To find out whether the HPRT activity of the transfected cells selected under HAT medium was expressed by transfected vectors or by spontaneous mutations, it was cultured to reselect in G418 medium. It showed that the nature of the HPRT activity was resulted from the transfected vectors.

主要日刊新聞 家庭欄의 分析과 主婦의 反應

趙昌淑,金敎玉,金暎辰,成玉姬 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of the interest of several newspapers in the household management and to analyse the actual need of housewives, the reader of the newspapers, for such informations given by the newspapers. 1305 articles on any subjects relating household management are gathered from 6 major newspapers published in Seoul during the year 1972, from January to December and the answers of 1080 housewives living in Seoul to the Specially prepared questionaire are collected for this purpose. The contents of articles are discussed under the classification of 6 cathegories: clothing, food, housing, child rearing and health, family relationships and home management. All newspapers revealed similar tendencies in providing the family column. The discrepancy between the actual need of the housewives and what has been offered by newspapers was found in every cathegories of the article. The erroneous, inadequate informations are pointed out particularly those of designs and technics of foreign dress making and also the food preparation, whereas well elaborated articles could be also recognized in the field of child rearing and the health. The notable thing was the lack of the interest from the side of newspapers partially also of the housewives in the method of making traditional costume and food, and in the matter of traditional etiquette. For the most of housewives use mainly the newspaper as the resource of their knowledge about the household management the important role of newspaper and the necessity of specialist's supervision for the family column were strongly emphasized by the authors.

置換 Trifluoroacetanilide類의 加水分解에 대한 Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 錯和合物의 觸媒 效果

노재근,홍순영,김상진,김창석 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1994 環境科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Triamine이 tridentate ligand를 형성하는 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex와 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-benzimidazolate complex를 합성하여 imidazole과 이 complex들의 촉매작용을 치환 trifluoroacetanilide의 가수분해에 대하여 UV spectrophotometric method로 조사하였다. p-Nitro-2,2,2-trifluoroacetanilide의 가수분해 반응속도는 pH 7, 8에서는 완만히 증가하다가 pH 9, 10에 이르러 급격히 증가하였고 다시 pH 11, 12에서는 서서히 증가하였다. 이때 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex는 pH 7∼9에서는 imidazole보다 촉매효과가 더 컸고, pH 10∼12에서는 imidazole보다 작은 촉매효과를 나타내었다. 또한 촉매의 농도가 커질수록 기질의 가수분해 반응속도값은 증가하였으나triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-benzimidazolate의 경우에는 농도가 커질수록 오히려 반응속도가 감소했다. 치환기와 반응속도 사이에는 Hammett rule이 잘 적용되었고 전자끄는 치환기에 의해 반응이 촉진되었다. p-Nitro-2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetanilide의 이들 촉매에 의한 가수분해 반응에서 solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effect(??/??)는 pH 7에서는 2.25∼2.27, pH 10에서는 1.44로서 중성 수용액 내에서는 general basecatalysis path로, 그리고 염기성 수용액 내에서는 nucleophilic catalysis로 진행하는 것을 알 수 있었다. Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex(C₂C₂CuIm) and triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-benzimidazolate complex(C₂C₂CuBzIm in which triamine serves as a tridentate ligand were synthesized. The catalytic actions of these complexres, comparing with imidazole, for the hydrolysis of substituted trifluoroacetanilide were observed by a UV spectrophotometric method. The rate of hydrolysis of p-nitro-2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetanilide(p-NO₂-TFA) was increased rapidly at pH 9 and 10 but slowly at pH 11 and 12. At pH 7∼9 the catalytic effect C₂C₂CuIm was larger than that of imidazole itself, however the effect of C₂C₂CuIm was smaller than that of imidazole at pH 10∼12. And hydrolysis rate of p-NO₂-TFA was increased with increasing concentration of catalysis, but in case of C₂C₂CuIm, hydrolysis rate of p-NO₂-TFA was decreased with increasing catalyst concentraration. The tate of hydrolysis was enhanced by electron-withdrawing substituents obeying well the Hammett rule. In the hydrolysis of p-NO₂-TFA with these catalysts, solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effect(??/??) was found to be 2.25∼2.27 at pH 7 and 1.44 at pH 10 suggesting that the catalytic hydrolysis proceeds by a general base catalysis path at a neutral teaction medium(pH 7) and proceeds by a mucleophilic catalysis path at an alkaline reaction medium(pH 10).

전북방언의 특징과 변화의 방향

최전승,김흥수,김창섭,김중진,이태영 全北大學校 語學硏究所 1992 어학 Vol.19 No.-

완전뇌허혈후 재관류시에 국소뇌혈류, 체성감각유발전위 및 신경학적 회복에 대한 Mannitol과 Thiopental의 효과

박춘근,이상원,박영섭,최승진,허필우,정동섭,강준기,최창락 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.2

The cardiopulmonary bypass or cerebral circulation arrest is often used in the treatment of complex aneurysm or of arteriovenous malformation to decrease the risk of intraoperative aneurysm rupture. Although experimental studies have suggested that some drugs may protect the brain from ischemic injury, there are limitations in maintaining cerebral perfusion arrest without incurring neurologic deficits due to the initiation of detrimental processes including excitotoxic neuronal injury, activation of phospholipases, influx of calcium, and generation of damaging free radicals. The purpose of this study is to determine wheter mannitol or thiopental has any favorable effects on the recovery of neurologic deficits and on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) and electroencephalogram(EEG) in cats which underwent 15 minutes-complete global ishcemia-reperfusion. The complete global ischemia was produced in 38 cats by temporary intrathoracic occlusion of the innominate artery and the subclavian artery following ligation of bilateral mammary arteries and simultaneous induction of hypotension. The cats were allocated randomly to one of 4 treatment groups : (1) control group, 8 cats received equal volume of saline solution : (2) thiopental group, 10 cats received 45㎎/㎏ thiopental intravenously, (3) mannitol group, 10 cats received 2g/㎏ mannitol intravenously, (4) combined mannitol and thiopental group, 10 cats received equal dose of mannitol and thiopental intravenously. The drugs were administrated in a equally divided dosage before and after the ischemic episode. The results were as follos : 1) Eight animals which received saline showed the severe postischemic hypoperfusion and poor recovery of SEP and EEG, and 6 of them died within 6 hours after the ischemia. 2) Ten thiopental-treated animals also showed the severe postischemic hypoperfusion and poor recovery of SEP and EEG, and 6 of them died within 6 hours the ischemia. 3) Both mannitol-and combined treated groups showed early recovery of EEG, good recovery of SEP and EEG without the severe postischemic hypoperfusion, and 7 of 10 mannitol-treated animals and 8 of 10 combined treated animals were significantly recovered in all parameters. There were not significant differences in all parameters between the mannitol-and combined treated groups. 4) Thirty-four of 38 animals involved in this 15 minutes-ischemia resulted in the severe neurologic deficits inspite of treatment with mannitol, thiopental or both of them. These results suggest that, in cats, mannitol treatment is effective but not thiopental in preventing severe neurologic injury following complete global ischemia and the duration of complete ischemia should be far less than 15 minutes.

A STUDY ON THE CHANGE OF IMPLANT STABILITY USING RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

Park Chan-Jin,Kim Yung-Soo,Kim Chang-Whe,Cho Lee-Ra,Yi Yang-Jin The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2003 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.41 No.3

Statement of problem: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been increasingly served as a non-invasive and objective method for clinical monitoring of implant stability. Many clinical studies must be required for standardized baseline data using RFA. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate RFA value changes in two stage surgery group and one stage surgery group in patients. Material and method: Forty-seven mandibles in consecutively implant installed patients were selected for this study and 141 fixtures were installed. Ninety-three fixtures were double threaded, machined surface design ($Br{\aa}anemark^{(R)}$ MK III, Nobel Biocare AB, Goteborg, Sweden) and 48 fixtures were root form, threaded, HA-coated surface one ($Replace^{TM}$, Steri-Oss/Nobel Biocare AB, USA). Among those, each 10 fixture was installed in one stage group patients. ISQ values were measured using $Osstell^{TM}$ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd. Sweden) during fixture installation, at healing abutment connection and in the loading period for two stage surgery group patients and during at each 4, 6, 8, 10, 12week and in the loading phase for one stage surgery group patients and evaluated the changes according to the time and fixture type. Results: In two stage surgery group, mean and SO of ISQ values of machined surface implants were $76.85{\pm}3.74,\;75.76{\pm}5.04,\;75.73{\pm}4.41$ and those of HA-coated surface implant were $75.05{\pm}6.23,\;77.58{\pm}5.23,\;78.32{\pm}4.29$ during fixtures installation, at healing abutment connection and in the loading period, respectively. In one-stage surgery group, the ISQ values of machined surface and HA-coated surface implants decreased until 4 or 6 week and maintained at plateau for 1-3 week and increased to the loading period. Conclusions: Machined and HA-coated surface implants showed minimal ISQ changes with time if they were installed at the sites showing at least intact cortical plate and good bone qualities. And HA-coated implants had a tendency to show somewhat increased ISQ values with time.

Comparison of Endonuclease - Sensitive Sites by T4 Endonuclease V and UvrABC Nuclease Treatments Followed by Formamide or Sodium Hydroxide Denaturation

Chang, Yung Jin 생화학분자생물학회 1999 BMB Reports Vol.31 No.4

Endonuclease-sensitive sites detected by T4 endonuclease V or UvrABC nuclease treatments were compared in the dihydrofolate reductase gene of UV-irradiated Chinese hamster ovary B-11 cells. The number of endonuclease-sensitive sites detected by T4 endonuclease V treatment followed by NaOH denaturation was twice that of formamide denaturation. Repeated treatment of damaged genomic DNA with T4 endonuclease V resulted in no further increase in the number of endonuclease-sensitive sites detected. The numbers of endonuclease-sensitive sites detected by UvrABC nuclease using each denaturation condition were similar. Sequential treatment with the two endonucleases using formamide denaturation resulted in twice the number of endonuclease-sensitive sites detected by treatment of each nuclease alone. Due to a lack of AP endonuclease activity these results suggest the presence of T4 endonuclease V-sensitive sites which could be complemented by alkaline gel separation or by UvrABC nuclease treatment.