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박홍주,박세찬,손영휘,윤천주,유선열 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.4
Developmental anomalies arising from the branchial apparatus include cysts, external sinuses, internal sinuses, and complete fistulas. Second branchial cleft cysts are by far the most common among these anomalies. It may occur at any age, being most common in the third decade, and more frequent in the male than in the female. It usually presents a smooth, round, nontender fluctuant mass located between the level of the tragus and the clavicle along the anteromedial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It is lined by respiratory or squamous epithelium unless inflammation is present. The considerable amount of lymphoid tissue may be found beneath the epithelium. The treatment of choice of branchial cleft cyst is surgical excision. If the lesion is acutely infected, however, it is essential to relieve the infection prior to the surgery This report deals with two cases of second branchial cleft cyst. In case 1, the cyst had rapidly increased in size over pregnant period. In case 2, the patient presented the swelling in the left neck, and had the history of incision and drainage because of misdiagnosis as submandibular space abscess. The infection was treated by antibiotic therapy in the first place, and then complete surgical excision was made. There was no evidence of any recurrence or complications for these 3∼4 years.
( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3
Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)
The First Report of Indwelling Central Venous Catheter-related Pandoraea sputorum Bacteremia
( Yun Hong Cheon ),( Young Sun Suh ),( Min Gyo Kim ),( In Gyu Bae ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Pantoraea species are motile, aerobic, non-fermentative, gram-negative bacilli. Pandoraea sp. has been isolated from the lungs and blood samples of cystic fibrosis patients, or from environmental samples. However, true pathogenic nature of the Pantoraea sputorum has not yet well known. To our knowledge, human infections caused by P. sputorum have not been reported in the world. We report the first case of P. sputorum bacteremia. An 83-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of fever with erythema and tenderness on the insertion site of perm catheter. We empirically started cefazolin. On hospital day 3, she became afebrile state and the redness and tenderness on perm catheter insertion site was made a full and rapid recovery. Six days later, blood culture via perm catheter yielded Comamonas testosterone which was susceptible to cefazolin. On the analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences, P. sputorum was iedentified. She diagnosed perm catheter related blood stream infection due to P. sputorum. She received six days of intravenous antibiotics and was discharged home with oral antibiotics to complete a two-week course of antibiotics in total.
( Yun Hong Cheon ),( Won Seok Lee ),( Eung Yeong Lee ),( Myung Soon Sung ),( Myoung Joo Hong ),( Wan Hee Yoo ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Statins, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme inhibitor, have been reported to have anti-infiammatory and/or immunomodulatory effects and prophylactic and therapeutic effects in collagen-induced arthritis, an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1ß and thapsigargin (TG)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress modulate the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis. This study was investigated to defi ne the effects of atorvastatin on IL-1ß and ER stress-induced, RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and its mechanisms. Methods: Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were obtained from 5-week-old male ICR mice and cultured to be differentiated into osteoclasts with M-CSF and RANKL in the presence or absence of IL-1ß, TG, or atorvastatin. The formation of osteoclasts was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and resorption pit assay with dentine slice. The molecular mechanisms of the above effects of atorvastatin on osteoclastogenesis were investigated by using RT-PCR and immunoblotting for osteoclast specifi c and ER stress signaling molecules, including PERK, IRE1, GRP78, eIF2a, c-Fos and NFATc1. Results: IL-1ß and TG-induced ER stress increased the formation of osteoclasts by up-regulating the osteoclast specifi c signals (c-Fos, NFATc1) and ER stress-associated signaling pathways (PERK, IRE1, GRP78, and eIF2a). Atorvastatin signifi cantly inhibited IL-1ß and ER stress-induced, RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis by down-regulating above signal pathways, dose-dependently. Conclusions: Atorvastatin inhibited IL-1 and ER stress-induced, RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting intracellular signaling pathways, including PERK, IRE1, GRP78, c-Fos and NFATc1. These results suggest that atorvastatin might have disease modifying effects by inhibition of infi ammation and ER stress-induced osteoclastogenesis in the infi ammatory joint diseases, such as RA.
What is the Best Choice for Urate-lowering Therapy for Korean?
( Yun-hong Cheon ),( Jung Soo Song ) 대한류마티스학회 2020 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.27 No.2
Gout is one of the most common forms of acute inflammatory arthritis caused by long-standing hyperuricemia. Various clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that uric acid, which is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of gout, is closely related with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Thus, properly controlling uric acid levels within its physiological level using urate-lowering therapy has been hypothesized to improve CV outcomes. Recently, however, on the basis of the results of the largest prospective, the double-blind, randomized controlled trial, entitled “the Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients with Gout (CARES),” has aroused the possibility of increased CV-related and all-cause mortality in patients receiving febuxostat. Largely on the basis of this unpredicted result, the US and Korea Food and Drug Administration issued a public safety alert concerning the high risk of CV death with the use of febuxostat in February 2019. This unexpected announcement left many rheumatologists confused when they decide the first-line urate-lowering drug in Korea. In this review, we searched for previous studies on uric acid and increased risk of CV disease. In addition, we will introduce various interpretations of the results of the CARES trial and discuss the best choice of urate-lowering therapy for Korean.
Cheon, Yun-Hong,Lee, Seung-Geun,Kim, Mingyo,Kim, Hyun-Ok,Sun Suh, Young,Park, Ki-Soo,Kim, Rock Bum,Yang, Hyun-Su,Kim, Ji-Min,Son, Chang-Nam,Kyoung Park, Eun,Kim, Sang-Hyon,Lee, Sang-Il Elsevier 2018 Brain, behavior, and immunity Vol.73 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and trophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], vascular endothelial growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1) are associated with depression in the general population. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic representative inflammatory autoimmune disease; however, the association of disease activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neurotrophic factors with depression has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we determined the prevalence of depression and risk factors for depression and deterioration of depressive symptoms in RA patients. In addition, we analyzed the association between disease activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, trophic factors, and depression in RA (N = 474). Demographic and laboratory data were examined, and routine assessment of patient index data 3 (RAPID 3) and disease activity score 28-joint count C-reactive protein (DAS 28-CRP) was performed to assess disease activity of RA. Depression was measured using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (K-BDI II). A K-BDI score ≥18 was considered the cut-off for depression in accordance with a previous validation study. The serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors was assessed by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. The prevalence of depression was 32.4% in patients with RA. The severity of disease activity of RA (RAPID 3 score [OR 2.34; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.22–4.51], DAS 28-CRP [≥3.2] [OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.01–2.53]) and severity of fatigue (OR 1.26 95% CI 1.15–1.38) were associated with depression and deterioration of depressive symptoms in the multivariate analysis. Among the components of RAPID 3 and DAS 28-CRP, patient assessment for global health and abilities for daily performance were more related to depression. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-alpha) was not related to depression. The level of BDNF was significantly lower in RA patients with depression and was negatively correlated with K-BDI II score. Depression was related with the level of fatigue, low expression of BDNF, and high RA disease activity, which was associated with impaired ability to perform activities of daily life. Strict control of fatigue and disease activity to improve one’s capacity to perform daily life activities would be important to regulate depression. The level of BDNF might be one of the possible biomarkers to predict or monitor depression in patients with RA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Prevalence of depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was analyzed. </LI> <LI> Risk factors for depression and deterioration of depressive symptoms and were analyzed. </LI> <LI> Depression was related with disease activity in RA. </LI> <LI> Depression in RA was associated with impaired ability to perform activities of daily life. </LI> <LI> Among neurotrophic factors, the level of BDNF was related with depression in RA patients. </LI> <LI> The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines were not related with depression in RA patients. </LI> </UL> </P>