정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

THE EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS WITH HUMIC SUBSTANCES OF LEACHATE IN THE LANDFILL

( Young-soo Han ),( Jai-young Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) have widely used as one of the hydraulic barrier materials in waste landfills; however, they also have a potential danger when exposed to some organic and inorganic leachate. The major component of the GCLs is bentonite. Hydraulic conductivity of GCLs can be easily changed due to bentonite, if they are permeated with various components of the leachate. Especially, the humic materials of landfill lechate closely interact with clay particles in bentonite. This study was performed to characterize the humic materials composed of two kinds of landfill leachate; the first one was a leachate of old-landfill (O-landfill) and the other one was a leachate of young-landfill (Y- landfill). Also,another purpose was to evaluate the effect of humic materials on the swelling and hydraulic conductivity of GCLs. The result of the swelling tests showed that the amount of humic materials and high electrical conductivity caused a decrease of the swelling of bentonite. This was expected to increase the hydraulic characteristics of GCLs. The increase in hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with O-leachate was significantly higher than that with Y-leachate. This trend showed that humic materials were responsible for the increase in hydraulic conductivity of GCLs. Therefore, the potential danger of increasing hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with the landfill leachate has to be considered when GCLs are used in waste landfills.

A LONG-TERM FIELD TEST OF A LARGE VOLUME IONIZATION CHAMBER BASED AREA RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM DEVELOPED AT KAERI

Kim, Han-Soo,Ha, Jang-Ho,Park, Se-Hwan,Kim, Jung-Bok,Kim, Young-Kyun,Jin, Hyung-Ho The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2009 방사선방어학회지 Vol.34 No.2

An Area Radiation Monitoring System (ARMS) ionization chamber, which had an 11.8 L active volume, was fabricated and performance-tested at KAERI. Low leakage currents, linearities at low and high dose rates were achieved from performance tests. The correlation coefficients between the ionization currents and the dose rates are 1 at high dose rate and 0.99 at low dose rate. In this study, an integration-type ARMS ionization chamber was tested over a year for an evaluation of its long-term stability at a radioisotope (RI) repository of the Young-gwang nuclear power plant. The standard deviation of dose rate of 1 day data and over a 100-days mean value were 6.2 $\mu$R/h and 2.9 $\mu$R/h, respectively. The fabricated ARMS ionization chamber showed stable performance from the results of the long-term tests. Design and performance characteristics of the fabricated ionization chamber for the ARMS from performance-tests are also addressed.

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

폐기물 매립지 침출수내의 휴믹 물질이 토목합성 점토 라이너의 수리학적 특성에 미치는 영향의 평가

한영수 ( Young-soo Han ),이재영 ( Jai-young Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

폐기물 매립지에서 수리학적 차단층의 하나로 사용되는 토목합성 점토 라이너(GCLs)는 유기 또는 무기 침출수에 노출됨에 따라 잠재적인 위험성을 갖는다. GCLs의 주요소는 벤토나이트이다. GCLs의 투수계수는 침출수의 여러 가지 물질이 침투되었을 때, 벤토나이트 때문에 쉽게 변할 수 있다. 특히, 침출수의 휴믹 물질과 벤토나이트의 점토 입자는 상호간에 밀접한 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 매립 연령이 오래된 매립지(O-매립지)와 신생매립지(Y-매립지)의 침출수 내 휴믹 물질의 특성을 파악하였다. 또한 이러한 휴믹 물질이 팽윤도와 GCLs의 투수계수에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 했다. 팽윤도 실험 결과는 휴믹 물질의 양과 전기전도도가 증가할수록 벤토나이트의 팽윤도가 감소함을 보였다. 이것은 GCLs의 수리학적 특성을 증가시킨 것으로 예상된다. 수리학적 전도도 실험결과, O-매립지의 침출수 및 휴믹 물질을 Y-매립지의 침출수 및 휴믹 물질보다 GCLs 의 투수계수를 큰 폭으로 증가시켰다. 이것은 휴믹 물질이 GCLs의 투수계수를 증가시킨다는 경향을 보인다. 따라서, 매립지에서 GCLs이 사용될 때 침출수가 GCLs에 침투되었을 때 투수계수가 증가하는 잠재적인 위험성을 반드시 고려해야 할 것이다. Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) have widely used as one of the hydraulic barrier materials in waste landfills; however, they also have a potential danger when exposed to some organic and inorganic leachate. The major component of the GCLs is bentonite. Hydraulic conductivity of GCLs can be easily changed due to bentonite, if they are permeated with various components of the leachate. Especially, the humic materials of landfill lechate closely interact with clay particles in bentonite. This study was performed to characterize the humic materials composed of two kinds of landfill leachate; the first one was a leachate of old-landfill (O-landfill) and the other one was a leachate of young-landfill (Y-landfill). Also, another purpose was to evaluate the effect of humic materials on the swelling and hydraulic conductivity of GCLs. The result of the swelling tests showed that the amount of humic materials and high electrical conductivity caused a decrease of the swelling of bentonite. This was expected to increase the hydraulic characteristics of GCLs. The increase in hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with O-leachate was significantly higher than that with Y-leachate. This trend showed that humic materials were responsible for the increase in hydraulic conductivity of GCLs. Therefore, the potential danger of increasing hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with the landfill leachate has to be considered when GCLs are used in waste landfills.

用寒遠寒과 用熱遠熱에 대한 考察 : 六元正紀大論에서

채영진,신창환,임현택,여성원,한성규,이재원,정헌영,금경수 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

Five elements motion and six kinds of natural factors influence not only human disease but also difference of medicine effect. Because the climate of summer is very hot, that is easy to increase the properties of hot medicines, a doctor must be careful to use it in summer. Also the climate of winter is very cold, that is easy to increase the properties of cold medicines, a doctor must be careful to use it in winter. But in the certain conditions to use diaphoretics or purgatives, in spite of that regulation a doctor can use them.

냉장고 냉매소음 저감을 위한 단열 발포재의 진동 전달특성 분석

한형석(Han, Hyung-Suk),김민성(Kim, Min-Sung),정의봉(Jeong, Weui-Bong),서민영(Seo, Min-Young),이수영(Lee, Soo-Young) 한국소음진동공학회 2010 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.1

In the refrigerator, the two-phase refrigerant-induced noise of the capillary tube in an evaporator-inlet pipe has been a great concern. The capillary tube is usually covered with insulation-foam packed in the space between inner and outer cabinets without any vibration isolation. Therefore, the refrigerant-induced vibration of the capillary tube can be easily transferred to the outer cabinet, which may increase the radiated noise. In this paper, the characteristics of transferred vibration through the insulation-foam are investigated experimentally by using the refrigerantsupplying equipment. The frequency characteristics, such as dynamic Young's modulus and loss factor, of the insulation-foam are also discussed.

강원도 화천군 수달(Lutra lutra) 서식지의 식생 구조

서형수 ( Hyung Soo Seo ),신영섭 ( Young Seob Shin ),이경은 ( Kyung Eun Lee ),김윤미 ( Yoon Mi Kim ),전미나 ( Mina Jeon ),남택우 ( Taek Woo Nam ),한성용 ( Sung Yong Han ),정연숙 ( Yeonsook Choung ) 한국하천호수학회 2014 생태와 환경 Vol.47 No.special

In order to determine whether vegetation would be one of the factors for the selection of otter home range, vegetation structure and other potential factors were studied in Hwacheon, Korea. Thirteen sites, otter’s activity found and not found, were investigated in North Han River and connected tributary streams of Hwacheon-gun. Three types of vegetation were classified by cluster analysis, which is short grass, tall grass and shrub type. Vegetation zone of each channel is composed of either one type, or mosaic of tall grass and shrub type. Short grass type is common in Lake Paro and upper North Han-river where water level is highly variable throughout a year. Therefore, annual species such as Persicaria nodosa, Fimbristylis dichotomam and Chenopodium ficifolium are the most dominant. Shrub type is common at the downstream sites of Jichon stream and along mainstream of North Han River down Lake Paro. A shrub species, Salix koreensis, is the most common. Tall grass type is dominant occupying the most vegetation zone of the tributary channels. Phragmites japonica is absolutely dominant. Due to its dense cover, a few plant species are co-existed. Otter activity was found in all three vegetation types and no marked activity was found at some sites of tall grass type. There is no difference in species composition and physiognomy between tall grass sites with and without otter activity, while it shows significant difference in fish availability between two groups. Overall we found that home range of otters in the region is along the mainstream and downstream of tributary streams with high fish availability in all vegetation types and in various human activity levels.

터널 변위 거동 및 수치 모의실험의 결합 해석

정윤영 ( Yun Young Jeong ),한희수 ( Heui Soo Han ),이재호 ( Jae Ho Lee ) 대한지질공학회 2010 지질공학 Vol.20 No.1

이 연구는 터널설계의 안정성을 예측하기 위한 터널거동분석에 초점을 맞춘 것이다. 3차원 수치해석, 현장계측 후 최대변형 및 사쿠라이에 의해 제안된 터널변형에 관한 경험적 안정성 평가방법들을 결합한 평가기법을 사용하였다. 사쿠라이가 사용한 계측자료들은 새로운 해석기법을 도입하여 재해석되었다. 터널안정해석을 위한 사쿠라이의 경험적 추세선은 이론적 추세선으로 새로이 도입되었으며, 이는 안정, 불안정 및 파괴영역으로 구분되었다. 터널 현장자료의 새 해석기법을 평가하기 위한 현장의 적용 예로, 김포의 지하철 9호선으로 연결되는 인천공항의 지하철터널을 이용하였다. 그 결과 터널보강후 인천공항 지하철의 상부 및 하부터널 모두 충분한 안정성을 보였다. 마이크로 실리카 그라우팅과 엄브레라방법에 의한 지반보강 후 겉보기 영계수가 상당히 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그러므로, 제안된 새 해석기법을 이용하면, 터널변형과 지반조건에 따른 최적의 보강기법 선정에 활용할 수 있다. This study is focused on the analysis of tunnel behavior to estimate the stability on tunnel design. An estimation method was proposed as a hybrid consideration, which contains the displacement analysis by 3D numerical simulation, the maximum displacement obtained after field measurement, and an assessment of tunnel stability using a deformation analysis proposed by Sakurai(1988, 1997). The points of case study by Sakurai(1988, 1997) were replotted considering his analysis. From the new analysis of the tunnel case study, the trend line for analyzed points is analogized, which curve is divided into stable, unstable and failure zone. To evaluate the estimation method, a special shape of railway tunnel was selected, which are the Inchon international airport rail way connected to subway line 9 in Gimpo, Korea. The point s of upper and below track on the Inchon international airport rail way were satisfied to the stability of tunnel after reinforcing. Also the points shows the higher apparent Young`s modulus, which resulted from improvement on shear strength by the micro silica grouting and the supporting of umbrella method. Therefore, if new analysis used, proper tunnel reinforcing method could be selected according to tunnel strain and geological property.

사설 골프연습장 회원들의 스포츠사회화 요인과 생활적응 및 삶의 질의 관계

최영수(Choi Young-Soo),한정훈(Han Jung-Hun) 한국체육과학회 2008 한국체육과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

This study aims at discovering the relationship between life Adaptation and Quality of Life with Sports Socialization by Golf Interest Group Members for Golf Practice Range . Objects for this study were adults who live in young-dong area as of 2008 and participate in Golf Interest Group Members for Golf Practice Range. 316 people were sampled through stratified cluster random sampling after sampling framework was set up. Only valid samples were encoded according to a certain coding guidelines. After inputting each of the coded data into computer, the researcher computed the data according to analytical purpose through the Statistics program of SPSS 14.0 version for Windows. On the basis of the above research method and findings, the induced conclusion was as follows: There were some reciprocal influences in the relationship between life Adaptation and Quality of Life with Sports Socialization Golf Interest Group Members for Golf Practice Range.