Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Effects of Sunghyangchungisan(SHCS) on Cellular Ion Contents and Metabolism in Cat Brain Cortical Slices under Hypoxic Insult

Kim, Na-Ri,Kim, Young-Kyun 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2001 동의ㆍ경산 한의학 학술대회 Vol.5 No.-

星香正氣散은 腦卒中을 가진 患者에 대해 有益한 處方이라고 알려져 있다. 이번 硏究에서 는 고양이 大腦 皮質 切片을 사용하여 低酸素 發作을 誘發한 뒤, 星香正氣散이 細胞의 이온環境과 代謝의 變化와 關聯하여 效果가 있는지 硏究하였다. 고양이의 大腦 皮質 切片이 低酸素症에 露出되었을 때, 細胞內에 Na+는 增加하고 K+는 減少한다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素症으로 誘發된 細胞內의 K+와 Na+의 含量의 變化를 현저하게 遲延시켰다. 星香正氣散의 效果는 0.3-2 mg/ml의 濃度에서 投與量에 依存的이었다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素 期間의 前이나 그동안에 適用했을 때만 效果가 있었고, 이미 低酸素 發作으로 인해 損傷된 組織에 適用했을 때는 이온 障害를 바꾸는 어떤 效果도 나타나지 않았다. 星香正氣散은 Na-K-ATPase의 抑制劑인 와바인 또는 代謝 抑制劑인 2,4-DNP로 誘發된 細胞內 K+ 含量의 變化에 어떤 效果도 보이지 않았다. 또한, 正常 狀態의 切片뿐만 아니라 低酸素 狀態의 切片에서 分離된 顆粒體의 分屑에 있어서 Na-K-ATPase의 活動度에 影響을 미치지 않았다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素 發作下에서 酸素 消費量과 細胞의 ATP含量이 떨어지는 것을 현저하게 막았다. 또한 ATP를 生産하는 機能을 保護하는 低酸素 組織의 絲粒體를 돕는데 效果的이었다. 結論的으로 星香正氣散은 大腦 組織의 低酸素 發作下에서 細胞의 이온 環境과 代謝를 保護하는 有益한 效果가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

Furosemide에 의한 소디움 운반체 발현의 변화

오윤규 ( Yoon Kyu Oh ),나기영 ( Ki Young Na ),이재욱 ( Jay Wook Lee ),장혜련 ( Hye Ryun Chang ),박영선 ( Young Sun Park ),박정환 ( Jung Hwan Park ),주권욱 ( Kwon Wook Joo ),김근호 ( Gheun Ho Kim ),이정상 ( Jung Sang Lee ),한진석 ( 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.2

배경 : 임상에서 흔히 사용하는 이뇨제 furosemide는 비후상행각에서 Na+-K+-2CI- cotranspoter (NKCC2)를 억제하여 NaCl 재흡수를 차단하여 이뇨작용을 나타낸다. Furosemide를 장기간 투여하면 내성과 대사성 알카리증의 부작용이 발생할 수 있는데, 이는 집합관에 도달하는 소디움 증가와 관련 있을 가능성이 있다. 방법 : 저자들은 furosemide의 내성이나 부작용이 집합관 상피 소디움 통로 (ENaC) 단백발현의 변화와 관련이 있는지를 확인하고자, Sprague-Dawley rat에서 farosemide (12 mg/day)을 7일간 지속적 피하 주입한 후 반정량적 immunoblotting과 면역조직화학법을 이용하여 NKCC2, Na +-CL- cotransporter (NCC), ENaC 단백의 발현을 관찰하였다. 실험기간 동안 수분과 전해질 용액 (0.8% NaCl & 0.1% KCl)을 자유롭게 섭취하도록 하여 체액 감소를 방지하였다. 결과 : 부형약 (vehicle)을 투여한 대조군에 비하여, furosemide를 투여한 군에서 각각 요량과 요 소디움 배설이 증가하였으나, 체중, 혈청 알도스테론치 및 크레아티닌 청소율은 차이가 없었다. Furosemid 투여 후 NKCC2 단백은 피질 (151±10 vs. 100±10%, p<0.05)과 외수질 (122±5 vs. 100±3%, p<0.01)에서 증가해 있었다. ENaC 단백은 세 가지 subunit 모두 furosemide 투여 후 대조군에 비하여 피질 (α:187±25 vs. 100±22%, p<0.05; β:155±8 vs. 100±15%, p<0.05; γ:168±16 vs. 100±9%, p<0.05)과 외수질 (α:171±27 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β :986±91 vs. 100±33%, p<0.01; γ :242±24 vs. 100±22%, p<0.01)에서 증 가하였다. 면역조직화학법에서도 furosemide를 투여한 군의 집합관 주세포에서 ENaC β-subunit가 더 강하게 염색되었다. 결론 : 이상에서 장기간 furosemide 투여시 집합관 ENaC 발현이 증가하며, 이러한 원위부네프론의 적응 반응이 이뇨제 내성을 유발하는데 기여할 것으로 생각한다. Background : Furosemide inhibit NaCl absorption in the thick ascending limb and produce an increase in distal delivery of Na+. We carried out semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry of rat kidneys to investigate whether chronic furosemide infusion is associated with compensatory increases in the abundance of Na+ transporters in distal nephron. Methods : Osmotic minipumps were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to deliver 12 mg/day of furosemide(n=6) with simultaneous administration of 0.8% NaCl and 0.1% KCl in drinking water for 7days. Results : Compared with vehicle infused controls, urine volume and urine sodium amount were increased. However, there were no differences in body weight, serum aldosterone, and creatinine clearance. The abundance of Na+-K+-2CI - cotransporter after furosemide infusion was increased in cortex (151±10 vs. 100±10%, p<0.05) and outer medulla (122±5 vs. 100±3%, p<0.01). In furosemide infusion group, the abundance of all three subunits of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) was increased both in cortex (α:187±25 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β:155±8 vs. 100±15%, p<0.05; γ :168±16 vs. 100±9%, p<0.05) and outer medulla (α:171±27 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β :986±91 vs. 100±33%, p<0.01; γ :242±24 vs. 100±22%, p<0.01). Consistent with these results, ENaC β-subunit immunohistochemistry showed a remarkable increase in immunoreactivity in the principal cells of collecting ducts with furosemide treatment. Conclusion : These increases in the abundance of ENaC protein may account for the generation of diuretic tolerance.

Glyoxal-induced exacerbation of pruritus and dermatitis is associated with <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> colonization in the skin of a rat model of atopic dermatitis

Han, Rafael Taeho,Kim, Hye Young,Ryu, Hyun,Jang, Wooyoung,Cha, Seung Ha,Kim, Hyo Young,Lee, JaeHee,Back, Seung Keun,Kim, Hee Jin,Na, Heung Sik Elsevier 2018 Journal of dermatological science Vol.90 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with hyperreactivity to environmental triggers. Among those, outdoor air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been reported to aggravate pre-existing AD. However, underlying mechanisms of air pollution-induced aggravation of AD have hardly been studied.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which glyoxal, a PM-forming organic compound, exacerbates the symptoms of AD induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Naïve and AD rats had been exposed to either fresh air or vaporized glyoxal for 5 weeks (2 h/day and 5 days/week) since one week of age. Pruritus and dermatitis were measured every week. The skin and blood were collected and immunological traits such as Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, production of antimicrobial peptides and immunoglobulin, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Exposure to glyoxal aggravated pruritus and dermatitis in AD rats, but did not induce any symptoms in naïve rats. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization was increased in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. Expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37 and β-defensin-2 was also increased by exposure to glyoxal in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. The mRNA expression of Th1-related cytokines was elevated on exposure to glyoxal. However, serum immunoglobulin production was not significantly changed by exposure to glyoxal.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>In AD rats, exposure to glyoxal exacerbated pruritus and cutaneous inflammation, which was associated with increased colonization of <I>S. aureus</I> and subsequent immunological alterations in the skin.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Exposure to glyoxal aggravated the symptoms in AD rats, but did not induce AD in naïve rats. </LI> <LI> <I>S. aureus</I> skin colonization and subsequent expression of antimicrobial peptides were increased after exposure to glyoxal. </LI> <LI> Exposure to glyoxal elevated the production of Th1-related cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ in the AD lesional skin. </LI> </UL> </P>

The alteration of serine transporter activity in a cell line model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Lee, Na-Young,Kim, Yunha,Ryu, Hoon,Kang, Young-Sook Academic Press 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The alteration of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine levels is associated with the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS and mutant SOD1 (G93A) animal model of ALS. However, the exact mechanism of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine transport is not known in ALS. To better understand the distribution of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine in ALS, we determined the activity and the expression of serine transporter in a motor neuronal cell line model of ALS (NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>G93A</SUP> cells). The uptake of [<SUP>3</SUP>H]<SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine was significantly lower in NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>G93A</SUP> cells than in control NSC-34 and NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>wt</SUP> cells. In contrast, the uptake of [<SUP>3</SUP>H]<SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine, precursor of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine, was markedly increased in NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>G93A</SUP> cells compared to control NSC-34 and NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>wt</SUP> cells. Both [<SUP>3</SUP>H]<SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine and [<SUP>3</SUP>H]<SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine uptake were saturable in these cells. The estimated Michaelis-Menten constant, <I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB>, for <SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine uptakes was higher in NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>G93A</SUP> cells than in NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>wt</SUP> cells while the <I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB> for <SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine uptake was 2 fold lower in NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>G93A</SUP> cells than in control cells. [<SUP>3</SUP>H]<SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine and [<SUP>3</SUP>H]<SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine uptakes took place in a Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent manner, and both uptakes were significantly inhibited by system ASC (alanine-serine-cysteine) substrates. As a result of small interfering RNA experiments, we found that ASCT2 (SLC1A5) and ASCT1 (SLC1A4) are involved in [<SUP>3</SUP>H]<SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine and [<SUP>3</SUP>H]<SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine uptake in NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>G93A</SUP> cells, respectively. The level of SLC1A4 mRNA was significantly increased in NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>G93A</SUP> compared to NSC-34 and NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>wt</SUP> cells. In contrast, the level of SLC7A10 mRNA was relatively lower in NSC-34/hSOD1<SUP>G93A</SUP> cells than the control cells. Together, these data suggest that the pathological alteration of <SMALL>D</SMALL>- and <SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine uptakes in ALS is driven by the affinity change of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-and <SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine uptake system.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The alteration of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine levels is associated with the pathogenesis of ALS. </LI> <LI> The uptake of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine is reduced in a motor neuronal cell line model of ALS. </LI> <LI> In contrast, the uptake of <SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine, precursor of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-serine, was markedly increased in a motor neuronal cell model of ALS. </LI> <LI> The alteration of <SMALL>D</SMALL>- and <SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine uptakes in ALS is driven by the affinity change of <SMALL>D</SMALL>- and <SMALL>L</SMALL>-serine uptake system. </LI> </UL> </P>

논문(論文) : 19세기 마르세유 항만의 기능변화와 도시공간구조

김나영 ( Na Young Kim ),현재열 ( Jae Youl Hyun ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-

Changes of Harbors` Functions and the Urban Structure at Marseille in the Nineteenth-Century Kim, Na-young·Hyun, Jae-youl [Abstract] Marseille, the typical sea-port city of Mediterranean France, was the most representative port of French Colonial Empire in the 19th century. Studying on Marseille of that time would contribute to the typological understandings of the sea-port cities in the period of Imperialism. This article aims to present a type of development which a sea-port city of the colonial empire could take, by interrogating the changes of harbors` functions and the urban structure of Marseille in 19th century. The consequent findings are as follows. First, the population of Marseille had sharply risen from 1830 on, and increased three times from 1820 to 1870s. This increase of population marked the economic growth of the city. Carrying capacity of vessels entering the port of Marseille rising five times in 1825-1870 shows the scale and the process of this growth. However, this economic growth had attributed to the colonial expansion of France launched from 1830 on. Second, according to the rising traffic of port, the harbors of Marseille had been expanded to the north of old port(Vieux-Port) since 1840s. With their expansion, the harbors` functions of Marseille had changed simultaneously, adding the industrial function to the traffic and distributive functions. Second, the industrialisation of Marseille also occurred in association with these circumstances. As a result, new and factory industries, such as sugar refining, oily industry, soap industry, machinery manufacture and foundering, etc. were thriving in the city and its suburbs. However, the material sources of these industries were from the French colonies, and, thus, the industrialisation was highly dependent on the supply from colonies. This is a remarkable feature of the Marseille`s industrialisation, and it can be that this industrialistation was a type of development which the sea-port city of the colonialist Empire would take. Third, the changes of harbor`s functions and the industrialisation had caused the transformation of urban structure of Marseille. Most notable transformation was the extension of city scale. Also, the appearance and shape of city had changed geometrically and orderly with the constructions of the various official buildings and monuments through the French Second Empire. Fourth, withstanding the extensions and changes of urban structure, the social character of neighborhood did not change so much at same time. Unlike with Paris where the neighborhood had been divided sharply between the bourgeoisie and the working-classes as a result of Haussmanisation, Marseille witnessed the loose line of division between the higher and lower classes, except with the ``old city`` in the north of old port and the higher classes` neighborhood in the southeast of it. However, one another consideration of social character was the reduction of proportion of natives in the neighborhoods. Throughout the mid-century, numerous immigrants fluxed into Marseille as the skill and unskill workers, and they gradually spread into all of the neighborhoods in the city.

Effects of Sunghyangchungisan(SHCS) on Cellular Ion Contents and Metabolism in Cat Brain Cortical Slices under Hypoxic Insult

김영균,권정남,조수인,김나리,Kim, Young-Kyun,Kwon, Jeong-Nam,Cho, Su-In,Kim, Na-Ri The Society of Internal Korean Medicine 2001 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

목적: 고양이 대뇌피질 절편을 사용하여 저산소 발작을 유발한 뒤, 성향정기산이 세포의 이온 환경과 대사의 변화와 관련하여 어떤 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. 방법: 고양이의 대뇌 피질 절편에 저산소 발작을 유발한 뒤 flame photometry scintillation, Spectrophotometry, method of Jorgensen and Skou, method of Fiske and Subbarow, oxygen monitor, luciferin-luciferase assay 등을 이용하여 세포내 이온함량과 세포대사를 측정하였다. 결과: 성향정기산은 저산소증으로 유발된 세포내의 $K^+$와 $Na^+$의 함량의 변화를 현저하게 지연시켰다. 성향정기산은 Na-K-ATPase의 억제제인 와바인 또는 대사억제제인 2.4-DNP로 유발된 세포내 $K^+$함량의 변화에 어떤 효과도 보이지 않았다. 또한, 정상 상태의 절편뿐만 아니라 저산소 상태의 절편에서 분리된 과립체의 분설에 있어서 Na-K-ATPase의 활동도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 성향정기산은 저산소 발작하에서 산소 소비량과 세포의 ATP함량이 떨어지는 것을 현저하게 막았다. 또한 ATP를 생산하는 기능을 보호하는 저산소 조직의 사립체를 돕는데 효과적이었다. 결론: 성향정기산은 대뇌 조직의 저산소 발작하에서 세포의 이온 환경과 대사를 보호하는 유익한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다.

유아의 성개념 형성에 관한 연구

김나림,김지영 한국영유아보육학회 2003 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.34

This study is investigated to the young children's concept formation about sex. Research questions were as follows; 1) Is there any difference about concept of sex according to young children's age and sex? 2) Is there any difference about concept of difference on the sex according to young children's age and sex? Subjects of this study were 158 children of 4 and 5 years of age from D and S Children's House in J city. The researchers interviewed the subjects by using a specially designed interview format. Responses of children were classified in accordance with criteria developed by researchers on the basis of the researcher's previous studies, the study of Jeong(1991), Jeong(1996) and that of Park(2001). The data was analyzed by M, SD, two independent t-tests and frequencies, percentages with spss/pc program. The study results found that 1) gender identity and gender stability of 4 years old and 5-year-old children were developed almost mostly, and Young girls were expose that develop little more. 2) The 4 years old and 5-year-old children were recognizing about biologic difference of man and woman regardless of age and that girls were recognizing little more high. Children who respond that biologic special quality is same responded that appearance and psychological special quality are equal. And that consecrated vessel is identical, ratio that recognize is low. If examine infants who respond that there is biologic difference, was recognizing that dress and sexual gland are different mainly. But, that body part is different when painted, ratio that express is high.

Energy storage capabilities of nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles fabricated through rapid pyrolysis

Yun, Young Soo,Kim, Yu Hyun,Song, Min Yeong,Kim, Na Rae,Ku, Kyojin,An, Ji Su,Kang, Kisuk,Choi, Hyoung Jin,Jin, Hyoung-Joon Elsevier 2016 Journal of Power Sources Vol.331 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanostructured pyropolymers contain significant amounts of redox-active heteroatoms, have high specific surface areas, and a defective carbon microstructure, indicating good potential for pseudocapacitive charge storage. In this study, nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) are fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>. N-PNs-50 exhibit a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt%, a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and an amorphous carbon structure with an I<SUB> <I>D</I> </SUB>/I<SUB> <I>G</I> </SUB> intensity ratio of 0.95. These unique characteristics lead to good electrochemical performances, in which reversible capacities of 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively, with favorable voltage characteristics (<1.5 V for Li-ions and <1.2 V for Na-ions). This study provides a more feasible production method for nitrogen-doped pyropolymers and their practicable electrochemical performances for use as an anode in energy storage devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nanostructured pyropolymers (N-PNs-50) were fabricated by rapid pyrolysis. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt% and amorphous carbon structure. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> were achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) were fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>, showing superior electrochemical performances.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>