Factors associated with the risk of colorectal neoplasia in young adults under age 40

Ilsoo Kim,Han Hee Lee,Young Jae Ko,Ho Eun Chang,Dae Young Cheung,Bo-In Lee,Young-Seok Cho,Jin Il Kim,Myung-Gyu Choi 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.5

Background/Aims: Recent epidemiologic studies have shown a continued increase in colorectal cancer incidence among younger adults. Little is known about the factors that contribute to the development of young-onset colorectal neoplasia (CRN). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed for individuals younger than 40 years who underwent colonoscopy in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital and its affiliated health screening center. High-risk CRN was defined as adenoma or sessile serrated lesion ≥ 10 mm, with three or more adenomas, villous histology, high grade dysplasia, or carcinoma. Results: Of these 13,621 included participants, 2,023 (14.9%) had one and more CRN. Young patients with CRN tended to be elderly, male, obese, smoker, having a habit of drinking, and having comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol intake, old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.054 to 1.119), male sex (OR, 1.748; 95% CI, 1.247 to 2.451), obesity (OR, 1.439; 95% CI, 1.133 to 1.828), and smoking (OR, 1.654; 95% CI, 1.287 to 2.127) were independent risk factors for overall CRN. Obesity and smoking as two modifiable factors increased the risk for high-risk CRN even more than for overall CRN (OR, 1.734; 95% CI, 1.168 to 2.575 and OR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.172 to 2.753, respectively). Conclusions: Obesity and smoking were modifiable risk factors for CRN in young adults. They increased the risk for highrisk CRN even more than for overall CRN. A colonoscopy might be beneficial for young individuals with these factors.

Aerobic Exercise Affects Myostatin Expression in Aged Rat Skeletal Muscles: A Possibility of Antiaging Effects of Aerobic Exercise Related With Pelvic Floor Muscle and Urethral Rhabdosphincter

Ko, Il Gyu,Jeong, Jin Woo,Kim, Young Hoon,Jee, Yong Seok,Kim, Sung Eun,Kim, Sang Hoon,Jin, Jun Jang,Kim, Chang Ju,Chung, Kyung Jin Korean Continence Society 2014 International Neurourology Journal Vol.18 No.2

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Aging-induced loss of muscle mass and subsequent reduction of strength is a fundamental cause of frailty, functional decline, and disability. And this may lead to muscular dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, or urinary incontinence due to pelvic muscle weakness induced by aging. Physical exercise has been recommended for the prevention and the treatment of these age-related frail states. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on muscle strength, myostatin mRNA and protein expression, and gastrocnemius myocytes proliferation in aged rats to investigate the possible antiaging effects of aerobic exercise on skeletal muscles such as pelvic floor muscles and urethral rhabdosphincter muscle.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In this study, 5-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the young-age group (n=20) and 24-month-old rats were used as the old-age group (n=20). Each group was randomly divided into two groups (n=10 in each group): the sedentary and the treadmill exercise group. The rats in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes, once a day, for 6 weeks. For this study, a weight load test, hematoxylin and eosin staining, real-time and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for myostatin mRNA, myostatin western blot, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine immunohistochemistry were performed in the gastrocnemius muscle.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The age-induced reduction of muscle mass and strength was associated with a decrease in myocyte proliferation and an increase in myostatin mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius. However, treadmill exercise improved muscle mass and strength through suppression of myostatin mRNA and protein expression, and myocyte proliferation increase in the gastrocnemius against the aging process.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Aerobic exercise is a useful strategy for enhancing muscle function against aging-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and functions.</P>

구두 굽 높이가 여성의 동적균형에 미치는 영향

고영규,서예원,고하나 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.23 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heel height on women's dynamic balance. Seven female subjects, aged 19-22 years, volunteered to participate for the study. The subject was asked to lean forward, backward and sideways and to reach as far as possible without moving the feet or bending at the hip, in a plane parallel with the measuring tape attached on the wall at shoulder height. Maximal antero, posterior, and lateral distance reached were measured to evaluate a dynamic balance. Subjects were tested in bare feet and 4 pairs of shoes. Shoes were women's dress pumps identical except for heel height. Heel heights were 3, 5, 7, and 9 cm. The results indicated that increasing heel height did not influence the maximum reach distance in the backward and sideway direction. However, the maximum reach distance in the forward direction decreased significantly with increasing heel hight. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the reach distance was significantly smaller in the 7 and 9 cm heel height. These findings suggest that heel height has a detrimental effect on women's dynamic balance. The poor balance derives from a decrease of postural stability in the forward direction. A critical heel height for producing balance hazards locates between 5 and 7 cm. Key words:heel height, dynamic balance, maximum reach distance.

휴대폰 동영상의 사용에 의한 학습자 중심의 운동학습

고영규 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2016 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.28 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate if a mobile phone can be a learner-controlled video feedback tool for the learning of a multiple-degrees-of-freedom movement. For this purpose we examined the effects of observing an expert model video or receiving verbal error-correcting cues with video feedback. Thirty female undergraduate students were assigned to one of three experimental groups: 1) expert model video + video feedback, 2) verbal error-correcting cues + video feedback, and 3) control groups, All participants were pretested, given 10 trials and then performed 40 acquisition trials with treatments. A post-test was administered 24 h after practice. The learning effect was evaluated by the movement form scores. The results revealed that both of the video feedback groups displayed significantly better learning than the control group. Importantly, the learning effect of two video feedback groups was not significantly different. These findings are discussed in terms of three theoretical views to suggest that an expert model video can be a substitute for a teacher who provides error-correcting cues.

아동들의 동작습득과 결과지식의 상대빈도 효과

고영규 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.14 No.-

The studies on the relative frequency of knowledge of results (KR) indicated that compared with practice in 100% relative frequency conditions, practice with lower relative frequencies is beneficial to longer-term retention and learning. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the effect of the relative frequency can be applied to children's motor skill learning. Twentyeight boys were randomly assigned to two relative frequency groups (100% and 50%) They practiced putting a golf ball for 60 trials from distance of 5 m. The 100% group received feedback after every trial, and the 50% group received feedback after only half the trials with the same number of total trials. The experiment.al results revealed that the 100% and 50% group improved at about the same rate in acquisition phase. However, the 100% group performed with less error and with more consistency in the no- KR long-term retention test than the 50% group. Thus, the present results are inconsistent with the ones found from adults subjects, and suggest that in case of children the more knowledge of results in more learning.

웹 기반의 VRML 저작도구 설계 및 구현

김남규,박홍진,김영찬,고영삼 중앙대학교 정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.2

웹 기술과 컴퓨터 하드웨어 기술이 빠르게 발전함에 따라 편리하고 현실적인 인터페이 스는 전송시간과 실행시간 보다 중요�. VRML은 웹에서 가상 현실을 구현하는 적합한 언어지만 일반 사용자에게 사용하기에 너무 어렵다. 또한, VRML이 변경될 때 마다 다시 구성해야하는 복잡성이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문을 웹 기반의 VRML 저작도구를 구현한다. 또한 기존의 VRML과 데이터베이스 시스템을 분석하여 확장된 VRML 지원 시스템을 구현하여 이를 평가한다. As the web technology and the computer hardware have been rapidoy evolving, the convenient interface and reality is more important than the transmission time and the execution time. For satisfying these requirements, VRML is the most suitable language to implement virtual reality on the Web. However, it is too difficult for non-expert to use VRML. It is also complicated to reconstruct VRML whenever it changes. In order to resolve these problems, this paper implements VRML Authoring Tool based on web. Also, this paper analyze the problem of the existing the cooperating VRML and Database system, implement the extended VRML supporting system. and evaluate it with the existing system.

경안천의 애반딧불이 서식지 오염부하량 및 생태특성

김수복,고정문,홍순상,주덕현,홍윤기,김진성,김영규 용인대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.16 No.1

The aim of this study was to research water quality, eco-nature and firefly habitant Keung An Stream from June to July. To conserve ecosystem of firefly habitant, We must manage to have a diverse aspect of ecology and water quality. This study was to research water quality, eco-nature and firefly habitant Keung We find 11 firefly habitat in Keung An Stream. To conserve ecosystem of firefly habitant, We must manage to have a diverse aspect of ecology and water quality.

Neuroprotective effects of bovine colostrum on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death in rats

Kim, Sung Eun,Ko, Il Gyu,Shin, Mal Soon,Kim, Chang Ju,Ko, Young Gwan,Cho, Hanjin Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2012 Neural regeneration research Vol.7 No.22

<P>Brain cell death after intracerebral hemorrhage may be mediated in part by an apoptotic mechanism. Colostrum is the first milk produced by mammals for their young. It plays an important role in protection and development by providing various antibodies, growth factors and nutrients, and has been used for various diseases in many countries. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effects of bovine colostrum using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and an intracerebral hemorrhage animal model. We performed densitometric measurements of propidium iodide uptake, a step-down avoidance task, Nissl staining, and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. The present results revealed that colostrum treatment significantly suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced neuronal cell death in the rat hippocampus. Moreover, colostrum treatment improved short-term memory by suppressing hemorrhage-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death and decreasing the volume of the lesion induced by intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat hippocampus. These results suggest that colostrum may have a beneficial role in recovering brain function following hemorrhagic stroke by suppressing apoptotic cell death.</P>

ZnSe 단결정에 대한 열자극 발광과 열자극 전류의 동시측정

전경남,유승철,고석룡,신용규,김택성,이춘호 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.17 No.-

두 종류의 ZnSe 분말을 사용하여 sublimation 방법으로 성장한 ZnSe 단결정(as grown)에 대하여 TSC와 TSL을 동시 측정하였으며, PL과 DLTS를 측정하였다. PL 측정으로 I_1, I_2와 DAP 발광을 관측하였으며 DLTS에 의한 깊은준위를 관측하였다. TSL과 TSC의 동시 측정으로부터 얻은 그로우 곡선을 점근 해법으로 분해하여 세개의 준위를 얻었으며 그들의 활성화에너지값은 0.22 eV, 0.30 eV, 0.39 eV이었다. PL spectrum과 열자극 완화과정의 동시 측정 결과로부터 0.22 eV 근방에 impurity에 의한 주게준위와 native defect에 의한 받게준위가 각각 전도대의 아래와 가전자대의 위에 존재하는 것으로 판명되었다. DLTS 측정과 동시측정 결과로부터 0.30 eV와 0.39 eV의 준위는 V_se vacancy와 관련되는 주게 준위임을 알았다. Simultaneous measurements of TSL were carried out on ZnSe single crystals grown by high pressure Bridgman technique and the PL and DLTS signals were observed. Photoluminescence spectrum at 10 K on the ZnSe crystal reveals I_1 and I_2 lines, as well as DAP emission line. DLTS spectrum on the ZnSe crystal show electron trap at 0.33 eV. Two TSC and TSL peaks were observed near 215 K and 230 K, which are identified as having originated from two donor trap levels at 0.30 eV and 0.39 eV, respectively, below the bottom of the conduction band. We also observed single TSL and TSC peaks at 150 K which were identified as having originated from a donor and acceptor trap levels at about 0.22 eV below the conduction band and over the top of the valence band, respectively.

KAL기 추락에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이원태,고영창,최상규,김윤희,이홍석,서재관,윤중진,이혜경,최득린,김종열,윤창육,변명식,이장홍 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Individual identification is an important part in medicolegal field especially in mass disaster. At July, 27, 1989, KAL KE-803 was crashed on landing at Tripoli International Airport, Liba. The plane was caught in fire and sixty eight Koreans were sacrified. The majority of victims were severely charred and injured. The authors examed all dead bodies and successfully identified all the cases through visual, anthropological, odontological, radiological and pathological methods including fingerprint and blood typing.