간호학과 학생들의 노인에 대한 지식 및 태도

양경미,오현이,김진선,백영주 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.1

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward the elderly, to examine the correlation between knowledge and attitudes, and to identify predictors of nursing students' attitudes toward the elderly. Method: Study participants were 195 nursing students who enrolled in a university located in Gwangju. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Results: The average FAQ Ⅰ score for nursing students in this study was 50.2%. The level of nursing students' knowledge was relatively low compared to knowledge of Western nursing students in previous studies. Moreover, the average scores of psychological dimension and family/sociological dimension were lower than those of physical/physiological dimension. Negative biases were prevalent when the biased scores were computed. Nursing students also reported a little preference for working with older patients after graduation. Although the average attitude score was in a neutral range, the number of items in a negative attitude score range were more than those in a positive attitude score range. Contrary to expectation, the correlation between knowledge and attitude was not statistically significant. Nursing students who have clinical experiences with the elderly reported higher scores on FAQ Ⅰ than their counterparts. A current relationship with elderly living in their household was a significant predictor of nursing students' attitudes toward the elderly. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that nursing education should be directed to increase the nursing students' knowledge and positive attitudes toward the elderly. Exposure to well elderly as clients before they are hospitalized or institutionalized may be helpful to increase nursing students' positive attitudes toward the elderly.

Relationship between Brand Personality and the Personality of Consumers, and its Application to Corporate Branding Strategy

Kim Young-Ei(金?伊),Jung-Wan Lee(李正?),Yong-Ki Lee(李勇基) 한국마케팅과학회 2008 마케팅과학연구 Vol.18 No.3

  본 연구는 브랜드 개성과 소비자 개성간의 인과성을 연구하고, 이러한 관계들이 기업브랜드 전략에 어떻게 적용되는 가를 실증분석 하였다. 분석자료는 한국의 자동차 소비자들로부터 수집되었으며, 요인분석, 분산분석, 그리고 구조모형분석을 이용하여 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 브랜드 개성과 소비자 개성간의 유의한 관계가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 연구의 마지막에는 기업 브랜드 전략을 위한 관리적 시사점과 향후 연구방향이 제시되었다.   Many consumers enjoy the challenge of purchasing a brand that matches well with their own values and personalities (for example, Ko et al., 2008; Ko et al., 2006). Therefore, the personalities of consumers can impact on the final selection of a brand and its brand personality in two ways: first, the consumers may incline to purchase a brand or a product that reflects their own personalities; second, consumers tend to choose a company that has similar brand personalities to those brands that are being promoted. Therefore, the objectives of this study are following:<BR>  1. Is there any empirical relationship between a consumer"s personality and the personality of a brand that he or she chooses?<BR>  2. Can a corporate brand be differentiated by the brand personality?<BR>  In short, consumers are more likely to hold favorable attitudes towards those brands that match their own personality and will most probably purchase those brands matching well with their personality. For example, Matzler et al. (2006) found that extraversion and openness were positively related to hedonic product value; and that the personality traits directly (openness) and indirectly (extraversion, via hedonic value) influenced brand effects, which in tum droved attitudinal and purchase loyalty. Based on the above discussion, the following hypotheses are proposed:<BR>  Hypothesis 1: the personality of a consumer is related to the brand personality of a product/corporate that he/she purchases.<BR>  Kuksov (2007) and Wernerfelt (1990) argued that brands as a symbolic language allowed consumers to communicate their types to each other and postulated that consumers had a certain value of communicating their types to each other. Therefore, how brand meanings are established, and how a firm communicate with consumers about the meanings of the brand are interesting topics for research (for example, Escalas and Bettman, 2005; McCracken, 1989; Moon, 2007). Hence, the following hypothesis is proposed:<BR>  Hypothesis 2: A corporate brand identity is differentiated by the brand personality. And there are significant differences among companies.<BR>  A questionnaire was developed for collecting empirical measures of the Big-Five personality traits and brand personality variables. A survey was conducted to the online access panel members through the Internet during December 2007 in Korea. In total, 500 respondents completed the questionnaire, and considered as useable.<BR>  Personality constructs were measured using the Five-factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) scale and a total of 30 items were actually utilized. Brand personality was measured using the five-dimension scale developed by Aaker (1997). A total of 17 items were actually utilized. The seven-point Likert-type scale was the format of responses, for example, from 1 indicating strongly disagreed to 7 for strongly agreed.<BR>  The Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) was used for an empirical testing of the model, and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was applied to estimate numerical values for the components in the model. To diagnose the presence of distribution problems in the data and to gauge their effects on the parameter estimates, bootstapping method was used.<BR>  The results of the hypothesis-l test empirically show that there exit certain causality relationship between a consumer"s personality and the brand personality of the consumer"s choice. Thus, the consumer"s personality has an impact on consumer"s final selection of a brand that has a brand personality matches well with their own personalities. In other words, the consumers are inclined to purchase a brand that reflects their own personalities and tend to choose a company that has similar brand personalities to those of the brand being promoted.<BR>  The results of this study further suggest t

Human hepatocellular carcinomas with “Stemness”‐related marker expression: keratin 19 expression and a poor prognosis

Kim, Haeryoung,Choi, Gi Hong,Na, Deuk Chae,Ahn, Ei Young,Kim, Gwang Il,Lee, Jae Eun,Cho, Jai Young,Yoo, Jeong Eun,Choi, Jin Sub,Park, Young Nyun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Hepatology Vol.54 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>There is a recently proposed subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is histologically similar to usual HCC, but characterized by the expression of “stemness”‐related markers. A large‐scale study on two different cohorts of HCCs was performed to investigate the clinicopathologic features and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related protein expression status of this subtype of HCCs. The expression status of stemness‐related (e.g., keratin 19 [K19], cluster of differentiation [CD]133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM], and c‐kit) and EMT‐related markers (e.g., snail, S100A4, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor [uPAR], ezrin, vimentin, E‐cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]2) were examined using tissue microarrays from cohort 1 HCCs (n = 137). K19 protein expression in cohort 2 HCCs (n = 237) was correlated with the clinicopathologic parameters and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of K19, uPAR, VIL2, Snail, Slug, and Twist. K19, EpCAM, c‐kit, and CD133 positivity were observed in 18.2%, 35.0%, 34.3%, and 24.8%, respectively. K19 was most frequently expressed in combination with at least one other stemness‐related marker (92.0%). K19‐positive HCCs demonstrated more frequent major vessel invasion and increased tumor size, compared to K19‐negative HCCs (<I>P</I> < 0.05). K19 was most significantly associated with EMT‐related protein expression (e.g., vimentin, S100A4, uPAR, and ezrin) (<I>P</I> < 0.05) and a poor prognosis (overall survival: <I>P</I> = 0.018; disease‐free survival: <I>P</I> = 0.007) in cohort 1. In cohort 2, HCCs with high K19 mRNA levels demonstrated higher mRNA levels of Snail, uPAR, and MMP2 (<I>P</I> < 0.05). K19‐positive HCCs demonstrated more frequent microvascular invasion, fibrous stroma, and less tumor‐capsule formation, compared to K19‐negative HCCs (<I>P</I> < 0.05). K19 expression was a significant independent predictive factor of poor disease‐free survival (<I>P</I> = 0.032). <I>Conclusion:</I> K19 was well correlated with clinicopathologic features of tumor aggressiveness, compared to other stemness‐related proteins. K19‐positive HCCs showed significantly increased EMT‐related protein and mRNA expression, suggesting that they may acquire more invasive characteristics, compared to K19‐negative HCCs through the up‐regulation of EMT‐associated genes. (H<SMALL>EPATOLOGY</SMALL> 2011;)</P>

Analysis of Research Trends in Journal of Distribution Science

Kim, Young-Min(김영민),Kim, Young-Ei(김영이),Youn, Myoung-Kil(윤명길) 한국유통과학회 2010 유통과학연구 Vol.8 No.4

본 연구에서는 한국유통과학회가 발행하고 있는 유통과학연구에 게재된 논문의 연구 동향을 분석하고 학회지의 질적 향상을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 즉, 유통분야의 학문체계를 분류하여 연구동향을 분석하고, 유통 관련 다른 학회지와 비교한 후 유통과학연구의 질적 향상을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 특히, 한국유통과학회는 1999년 「유통과학연구」 제1권 제1호 창간을 시작으로 2010년 9월 제8권 제3호까지 총 109편의 논문을 게재하였다. 109편의 논문을 대상으로 연구주제, 연구 주체, 연구 참여자의 수, 연구방법론, 국문 및 영문논문 빈도, 내국인 및 외국인 참여빈도, 참고문헌 활용 등에 대하여 분석하였다. 추가적으로 유통을 연구대상으로 하는 한국유통학회의 유통연구 및 한국유통경영학회의 유통경영학회지와 유통과학연구를 비교 분석하여 발전방안을 모색하고자 한다. 결론적으로 유통과학연구의 연구동향 및 유사 학회지의 비교분석을 바탕으로 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저, 유통과학연구가 SSCI를 준비하기 위해서는 해외 투고자를 적극 유치해야한다. 또한, 영문논문의 비중을 대폭 늘려야 할 것이다. 셋째, 학술지의 질 향상을 위한 다양한 연구방법론 수용을 해야할 것이다. 넷째, 유통과학연구의 피인용율을 확대하기 위하여 학술지의 해외 공급을 원활하게 할 수 있도록 구글 등 웹검색 기능을 보강해야 할 것이다. 이상의 시사점을 통한 개선을 한다면 국내 뿐 아니라 해외에서도 인정받는 세계적인 학술지 반열에 올라설 수 있을 것이다. This study investigated research trends of JDS that KODISA published and gave implications to elevate quality of scholarly journals. In other words, the study classified scientific system of distribution area to investigate research trends and to compare it with other scholarly journals of distribution and to give implications for higher level of JDS. KODISA published JDS Vol.1 No.1 for the first time in 1999 followed by Vol.8 No.3 in September 2010 to show 109 theses in total. KODISA investigated subjects, research institutions, number of participants, methodology, frequency of theses in both the Korean language and English, frequency of participation of not only the Koreans but also foreigners and use of references, etc. And, the study investigated JDR of KODIA, JKDM(The Journal of Korean Distribution & Management) and JDA that researched distribution, so that it found out development ways. To investigate research trends of JDS that KODISA publishes, main category was made based on the national science and technology standard classification system of MEST (Ministry Of Education, Science And Technology), table of classification of research areas of NRF(National Research Foundation of Korea), research classification system of both KOREADIMA and KLRA(Korea Logistics Research Association) and distribution science and others that KODISA is looking for, and distribution economy area was divided into general distribution, distribution economy, distribution, distribution information and others, and distribution management was divided into distribution management, marketing, MD and purchasing, consumer behavior and others. The findings were as follow: Firstly, main category occupied 47 theses (43.1%) of distribution economy and 62 theses (56.9%) of distribution management among 109 theses in total. Active research area of distribution economy consisted of 14 theses (12.8%) of distribution information and 9 theses (8.3%) of distribution economy to research distribution as w

Impact of Climate Change on Business Process in the Distribution Industry

Young Ei Kim 한국유통과학회 2014 유통과학연구 Vol.12 No.12

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the possible ways to minimize damage by analyzing the influence that may be exerted upon the business process of the distribution industry by unexpected climate change. Research design, data, and methodology - The optimum business process is to be implemented after dividing the diversified business process of the distribution industry into the four stages of the Business Continuity Plan (BCP). Results - First, the upper-level risks that would be impacted most sensitively by climate change have been selected. Second, the impact and characteristics of the environment have been discovered. Third, weighted values by criteria item of upper-level business risks have been analyzed. Fourth, it was possible to define the business priority order based on the individual and then to adjust the Recovery Time Objective (RTO). Conclusion - In this study, the priority order has been defined quantitatively by calculating the priority order score. Further, the priority order has been determined depending on whether any targeted business unit is applicable to the items of the business nature criteria.

The Effect of Live Commerce Show Host Characteristics and Trust, Flow, and Behavioral Intention

Young-Ei KIM,Hee-Young CHO 한국유통과학회 2023 International Forum on Business Convergence (IFBC) Vol.2023 No.-

브랜드애호도에 따른 가격할인율의 차이가 소비자의 획득가치와 거래가치에 미치는 영향

Kim Young-Ei(김영이),Jae-Yeong Kim(김재영),Chang-Nag Shin(신창락) 한국마케팅과학회 2007 마케팅과학연구 Vol.17 No.4

  현대에 있어 동질적인 품질과 편익을 제공하는 제품을 가지고 다수의 기업들이 시장점유율 증대와 고객확보를 위하여 치열한 경쟁을 벌이고 있는 가운데 가격할인은 기업이 즐겨 사용하는 촉진수단이다. 가격할인은 단기적 매출향상, 소비자의 브랜드전환, 신제품의 시장침투 등의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 사용된다. 실제로 과거의 실증연구에 의하면 다양한 형태의 가격할인이 판매증대에 효과적이며 가격할인은 소비자의 지각가치를 증가시킨다고 하였다. 하지만 할인된 가격은 제품의 품질을 의심하게 하거나 낮게 평가하는 부정적인 효과가 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌으며, 모든 제품카테고리와 모든 구매상황에 대하여 가격할인이 소비자의 지각가치 향시킨다고 볼 수 없다.<BR>  이에 따라 본 연구에서는 브랜드애호도의 차이가 있는 제품을 대상으로 가격할인율에 따라 소비자의 지각가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 연구함으로서 브랜드애호도의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 브랜드애호도가 강한 제품에 대한 지각획득가치와 지각거래가치는 가격할인율이 낮을 때 보다 큰 경우에 증가할 것으로 예측하였으나 분석결과 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 브랜드애호도가 강한 경우에는 가격할인에 의한 지각희생의 감소량이 크지 않았고 브랜드 자체에 대한 신뢰도와 속성에 대한 만족도가 높기 때문에 가격인하가 브랜드선택에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다는 것을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 반면 브랜드애호도가 약한 제품에 대한 지각획득가치와 지각거래가치는 가격할인율이 낮을 때 보다 큰 경우에 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 브랜드애호도가 약한 경우에는 제품으로부터 획득하게 되는 편익에 대한 만족도와 신뢰도가 낮은데 이러한 특성을 고려해보면 가격할인이 클 때에 제품의 품질과 편익을 더욱 평가절하하거나 심리적으로 지각희생의 크기가 증가됨에 따라 지각가치가 감소되었음을 의미한다고 할 수 있다.   In recent years, one of the major reasons for the fierce competition amongst firms is that they strive to increase their own market shares and customer acquisition rate in the same market with similar and apparently undifferentiated products in terms of quality and perceived benefit. Because of this change in recent marketing environment, the differentiated after-sales service and diversified promotion strategies have become more important to gain competitive advantage.<BR>  Price promotion is the favorite strategy that most retailers use to achieve short-term sales increase, induce consumer’s brand switch, in troduce new product into market, and so forth. However, if marketers apply or copy an identical price promotion strategy without considering the characteristic differences in product and consumer preference, it will cause serious problems because discounted price itself could make people skeptic머 about product quality, and the changes of perceived value might appear differently depending on other factors such as consumer involvement or brand attitude.<BR>  Previous studies showed that price promotion would certainly increase sales, and the discounted price compared to regular price would enhance the consumer’s perceived values. On the other hand, discounted price itself could make people depreciate or skeptical about product quality, and reduce the consumers" positivity bias because consumers might be unsure whether the current price promotion is the retailer’s best price offer. Moreover, we cannot say that discounted price absolutely enhances the consumer’s perceived values regardless of product category and purchase situations. That is, the factors that affect consumers" value perceptions and buying behavior are so diverse in reality that the results of studies on the same dependent variable come out differently depending on what variable was used or how experiment conditions were designed.<BR>  Majority of previous researches on the effect of price-comparison advertising have used consumers" buying behavior as dependent variable. In order to figure out consumers" buying behavior theoretically, analysis of value perceptions which influence buying intentions is needed. In addition, they did not combined the independent variables such as brand loyalty and price discount rate together.<BR>  For this reason, this paper tried to examine the moderating effect of brand loyalty on relationship between the different levels of discounting rate and buyers" value perception. And we provided with theoretical and managerial implications that marketers need to consider such variables as product attributes, brand loyalty, and consumer involvement at the same time, and then establish a differentiated pricing strategy case by case in order to enhance consumer"s perceived values properl.<BR>  Three research concepts were used in our study and each concept based on past researches was defined. The perceived acquisition value in this study was defined as the perceived net gains associated with the products or services acquired. That is, the perceived acquisition value of the product will be positively influenced by the benefits buyers believe they are getting by acquiring and using the product, and negatively influenced by the money given up to acquire the product. And the perceived transaction value was defined as the perception of psychological satisfaction or pleasure obtained from taking advantage of the financial terms of the price deal. Lastly, the brand loyalty was defined as favorable attitude towards a purchased product. Thus, a consumer loyal to a brand has an emotional attachment to the brand or firm. Repeat purchasers continue to buy the same brand even though they do not have an emotional attachment to it.<BR>  We assumed that if the degree of brand loyalty is high, the perceived acquisition value and the percei

The Effects of Perceived Satisfaction Level of High-Involvement Product Choice Attribute of Millennial Generation on Repurchase Intention: Moderating Effect of Gender Difference

KIM, Young Ei,YANG, Hoe Chang Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study is to derive various clues for the establishment of marketing strategies for companies that produce and sell high-involvement products for Millennials who are not the subject of current consumption but who will lead future consumption. For this purpose, this study aimed to derive 17 factors of high-involvement product selection attributes through FGI, and its relationship on repurchase intention after make a variable through PCA. A total of 158 valid questionnaires were used, and IPA, independent sample t-test, regression analysis, and hierarchical controlled regression analysis were performed. The results showed that overall, external and internal selection factors had a positive influence on repurchase intentions, and in particular, appealing to internal and external selection factors in order to promote repurchase intention. Meanwhile, the Millennials were found to have no gender difference. Therefore, the company producing and selling high-involvement products suggests that it is necessary to make a priority effort to secure brand awareness, trust in product producers, store trust, and product self-reputation as components of internal selection factors. It was also concluded that more strategic efforts were needed to focus on and appeal to the characteristics of the Millennial itself rather than to consider gender differences.

Perceptions of Logistics Firms toward Green Practices: Evidence from Korean Logistics Industry

Young Min Kim,Young Ei Kim,Jung Wan Lee 한국유통과학회 2013 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2013 No.-

The paper examines the antecedents of green practices adoption and performance expectations for environmental initiatives of the logistics industry. Unlike recent research under this topic, this paper integrates some components of the corporate social responsibility dimensions and social expectation theories coupled with the recently developed construct of performance expectations to determine organizations’ behavioral intentions to adopt green practices. They are the following three components: social expectations, perceived organizational pressures, and perceived social pressures. Seven hundred and eighty samples collected from South Korean logistics companies’ employees are analyzed using factor analysis, structural equation model techniques and one-way analysis of variance. The results show that perceived social expectations and perceived organizational pressures as well as perceived social pressures are the antecedents of adopting green practices and positive expectations for environmental performance of the logistics industry. Moreover, there are mean differences by their job position titles in terms of the perceptions of social expectations, organizational and social pressures as well as the likelihood of adoption of green practices and performance expectations.

Small- and Medium-sized Firms' Internationalization and Performance during a Recession

KIM, Yong-Young,KIM, Young Ei,OH, Ka Young Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.9

This study aims to verify the relationship between overseas activities and performance of Korea's SMEs during the last financial crisis. Whether overseas activity performance of enterprises differed was determined based on characteristic variables, including the degree of concentration on R&D and marketing. This study also examined how SMEs' international transactions and their performance differed based on internal variable such as the level of stock holding and firm size. This study developed a model for analyzing the relationship between the level of internationalization and performance of Koran SMEs listed in the KOSDAQ. We used firm-level data, including annual reports and various data sources such as the KISVALUE program. To smooth annual fluctuations in accounting data, we used a three-year average from 2006 to 2009 for each variable in the study. The results showed that proactive overseas activities ultimately had a positive effect on an enterprise's performance, even though it initially had a negative effect. Therefore, enterprises should focus their capacity on R&D and marketing environment. Although numerous studies have focused on the relationship between overseas activities and performance of enterprises, the present study analyzed whether enterprises should continuously engage in overseas activities and what capacities they should strengthen during a global economic recession.