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Successive Magnetic Transitions of PrRh2 Single Crystals
Yu Okawara,Jingwei Cui,Tetsuya Fujiwara,Toru Shigeoka,Kazuyuki Matsubayashi,Yoshiya Uwatoko,Shojiro Kimura,Kazuo Watanabe 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
Measurements of the magnetization and the specific heat were performed on a PrRh2 single crystal. A strong magnetic anisotropy with the easy magnetization direction of the c-axis is observed. Four anomalies appear in the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility along the c-axis;a cusp at TN=52 K, a high peak at T3=38 K, a shoulder at T2=33 K and a small peak at T1=4K are observed, indicating magnetic transitions. The specific heat also shows four anomalies atthe temperatures where the magnetic anomalies appear, confirming the occurrence of successivemagnetic transitions. A clear two-step metamagnetic process appears along the easy magnetizationdirection of the c-axis at low temperatures. The magnetization in the first step is almost constantand is corresponds to (1/5) Ms (Ms: saturation magnetization), indicating that this field-inducedphase has a long period and a stable magnetic structure. A metamagnetic process is hypothesizedon the basis of the magnetic structure. The B001 − T phase diagram is constructed.
( Thanh Hoa Le ),( Tran Binh Le ),( Thanh Huong Thi Doan ),( Dong Van Quyen ),( Kim Xuyen Thi Le ),( Viet Cuong Pham ),( Mitsuru Nagataki ),( Haruka Nomura ),( Yasunori Ikeue ),( Yoshiya Watanabe ),( 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4
Avian influenza virus vaccines produced in oil-emulsified inactivated form with antigen content of at least 160 hemagglutinin units (HAU) induced immunity in birds. However, in addition to enhancing the effect of the adjuvant(s), other additional supplemented biological compounds included in inactivated vaccines could produce higher levels of antibody. We examined in chickens, Vietnamese ducks, and muscovy ducks the adjuvant effect of Sophy β-glucan (SBG), a β-1,3-1,6 glucan produced by the black yeast Aureobasidium pollulans strain AF0-202, when administered with an avian influenza H5 subtype vaccine. In Experiment 1, 40 chickens (ISA Brown hybrid), allocated to four groups of ten each, were immunized with Oil-H5N1(VN), Oil-H5N1(CN), Oil-H5N2(CN), and saline (control group), respectively. In Experiment 2, chickens (ISA Brown hybrid), muscovy ducks (French hybrid), and Vietnamese ducks (indigenous Vietnamese) were used to further assess the effect of SBG on immunogenicity of the Oil-H5N1(VN) Vietnamese vaccine. ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were used to assess the antibody response. The H5 subtype vaccines initiated significantly higher immune responses in the animals dosed with SBG, with 1.0-1.5 log2 higher HI titers and 10-20% ELISA seroconversion, compared with those not dosed with β-glucan. Notably, some of the animals dosed with SBG induced HI titers higher than 9.0 log2 following boosting immunization. Taken together, our serial studies indicated that SBG is a potential effector, such as enhancing the immune response to the H5 vaccines tested.