Misorientation Characteristics at the Growth Front of Abnormally-Growing Goss Grains in Fe–3%Si Steel

Tae‑Young Kim,Tae‑Wook Na,Hyung‑Seok Shim,Yong‑Keun Ahn,Yong‑Kwon Jeong,Heung Nam Han,Nong‑Moon Hwang 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.12

Penetrating morphologies at the growth front of abnormally-growing Goss grains in Fe–3%Si steel was examined in view ofthe possibility that they are the two-dimensional section of the solid-state wetting (SSW) along the triple junction line. Toobtain the statistically meaningful data, 102 penetrated grain and 204 penetrating abnormally-growing Goss grain morphologieswere examined. The misorientation angles of penetrating and penetrated grains were measured by electron backscattereddiffraction. Among the 102 examined penetrated grain boundaries, none has low misorientation angles less than 15°,whereas 17.2% of the 204 penetrating grain boundaries have low misorientation angles, and 23.5% of them have coincidencesite lattice boundaries. Besides, boundary energies of penetrating Goss grains, which were estimated from misorientationangles of the three grains in the penetrating morphology, satisfied the energetic condition for SSW along the triple junctionline. These results imply that the abnormal grain growth of Goss grains in Fe–3%Si steel occurs by the mechanism of subboundaryenhanced SSW.

방사선조사가 Streptococcus mutans에 미치는 영향

안기동,김규태,최용석,황의환 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2007 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.1

Purpose : To observe direct effect of irradiation on cariogenic Streptooccus mutans. Materials and Methods : S. mutans GS5 was exposed to irradiation with a single absorbed dose of 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy. Viability and changes in antibiotic sensitivity, morphology, transcription of virulence factors, and protein profile of bacterium after irradiation were examined by pour plate, disc diffusion method, transmission electron microscopy, RT-PCR, and SDS-PAGE, respectively. Results : After irradiation with 10 and 20 Gy, viability of S. mutans was reduced. Further increase in irradiation dose, however, did not affect the viability of the remaining cells of S. mutans. Irradiated S. mutans was found to have become sensitive to antibiotics. In particular, the bacterium irradiated with 40 Gy increased its susceptibility to cefotaxime, penicillin, and tetracycline. Under the transmission electron microscope, number of morphologically abnormal cells was increased as the irradiation dose was increased. S. mutans irradiated with 10 Gy revealed a change in the cell wall and cell membrane. As irradiation dose was increased, a higher number of cells showed thickened cell wall and cell membrane and lysis, and appearance of ghost cells was noticeable. In RT-PCR, no difference was detected in expression of gtfB and spaP between cells with and without irradiation of 40 Gy. In SDS-PAGE, proteins with higher molecular masses were gradually diminished as irradiation dose was increased. Conclusion : These results suggest that irradiation affects the cell integrity of S. mutans, as observed by SDS-PAGE, and as manifested by the change in cell morphology, antibiotic sensitivity, and eventually viability of the bacterium. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2007; 37: 35-43)

장거리 달리기 선수에서 횡문근융해와 생화학적 지표의 변화에 대한 연구

안선호,최석채,김태현,나용호,송주흥,이영진,조지현,최석준 대한신장학회 2000 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.19 No.5

제조에 對한 文獻的 考察

안태규,최병렬,송기철,이용연,유화승,서상훈,최우진,조정효,이연월,손창규,조종관 대전대학교 한방병원 2001 惠和醫學 Vol.10 No.1

In the literatual study on Holotrichia, the results were obtained as follows ; 1. Holotrichia is larva of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates etc. powder or liquor of Holotrichia is used medically. 2. Appearance of Holotrichia is shape of kidney, yellowish color. 3. The oriental characters of Holotrichia is warm, toxicant, salty. 4. The significant efficancy of Holotrichia is breaking the stagnant blood. 5. Holotrichia can be applied to the diseases related to thrombosis, and recover the demage of liver. 6. Holotrichia avails Liver diseases such as Hepatitis, Liver cirrhosis, Hepatosplenomegaly, Hepatoma etc.

축산 폐수의 효율적 처리를 위한 광합성 미세조류인 Spirulina platensis 배양 공정의 최적화

안주희,김성수,김태호,이준엽,오상집,이진하,이현용 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.4

돈분 폐수의 효율적인 처리를 위해 6 W/㎡, 12 W/㎡와 24 W/㎡의 조도 하에서 온도를 15℃에서 40℃까지 각각 변화시켜, 광합성 미세 조류인 Spirulina platensis의 생육에 관한 최적 생육 조건 결정에 관한 실험을 하였다. 균체의 비생육속도는 30℃까지는 온도 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 균체의 생육에 있어서 온도의 영향을 설명하기 위해서 Arrhenius 식을 이용하여서 얻은 활성화 에너지 값은 13.5kal/mol이었다. 순수 배지에서 배양된 균체의 비생육속도가 0.31(1/day)인 반면 30% 돈분 첨가 배양시 얻은 균체의 비생육속도는 0.24(1/day)였다. 폐수내의 총 질소량과 이의 제거속도로 균체의 폐수 처리 능력을 평가할 수 있었다. 돈분 농도를 달리 첨가한 회분배양에 있어서 70~93%(PO_4^3- -P), 67~93%(inorganic nitrogen), 80~90% (COD) 그리고 37~56%(organic nitrogen)의 감소율을 보였다. 총-질소와 총-인의 1차반응 감소 속도 상수는 각각 0.17(1/day)와 0.14(1/day)로 계산되었다. 20% 돈분을 첨가하는 연속배양에 있어서 회석률이 0.20(1/day)일 때 최대 균체농도가 1.52(g/L)를 유지했다. 돈분처리 후 얻은 균체의 성분은 단백질이 58.7%, 지방 11.0% 그리고 회분이 15.6%였다. The kinetics of growing microalga, Spirulina platensis was investigated to treat swine wastes with optimum growth conditions. Temperature was varied from 15 to 40℃ at three different light intensities, 6 W/㎡, 12 W/㎡ and 24 W/㎡. The specific growth rate was increased as temperature increased up to 30℃. The activation energy was estimated as 13.5 kcal/mol by an Arrhenius relationship. 0.24(1/day) of specific growth rate was obtained from batch cultivation with 30% swine wastes, compared to 0.31 (1/day) from clean culture. It was found that Spirulina platensis was able to reduce 70~93% of PO_4^3- -P, 67~93% of inorganic nitrogen, 80~90% of COD and 37~56% organic nitrogen by adding various concentrations of swine wastes for 12 days of batch cultivation. Rate constants for removing nitrates and phosphates in treating swine wastes were estimated as 0.17 (1/day) and 0.14 (1/day) in the first order reaction, respectively. 1.52(g/L) of maximum cell density was maintained at 0.20(1/day) of dilution rate in continuous culture, adding 20% swine wastes for 30 days. The chemical composition of the biomass obtained from the process showed 58.7% of protein, 11.0% of lipid and 15.6% of ash.

분리균주의 염분변화에 따른 heterotrophic activity의 변화

安泰永,朴重燦 단국대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Three strains were isolated from the estuary of Naktong River and investigated on the variation of heterotrophic activity and growth rate according to the change of salt concetration. The isolated strains represented the optimum growth rate at 0‰, 8‰ and 8‰ respectively. All the isolated strains showed the decrease of assimilation and the increase of respiration for glucose as salt concentration increased. NS-2 strain showed maximum assimilation and minimum respiration at the precultured salinity till 6hr, but maximum assimilation and minimum respiration were detected at optimum salt concentration after 6hr of addition of salt. NS-3 strain showed similar result.

신경과 근세포의 응집에 미치는 127 Kda과 135 Kda단백질의 영향

김영주,안병태 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학논문집 Vol.17 No.-

세포가 접합을 형성할 때 여러 종류의 단백질이 관여하는데, 이는 칼슘 의존계, 칼슘 비의존계, 그밖의 단백질 등, 크게 세가지 계의 단백질로 나눌 수 있다. 칼슘 의존계의 단백질은 칼슘에 의해서 분자 구조가 바뀌는 특성이 있으며, 트립신 등의 단백질 분해효소에 의해 접합 물질들이 변성된다(Takeichi, 1977). 이러한 칼슘 의존계 접합물질의 존재여부를 알아보기 위해 CaCl₂, EDTA, 트립신을 차등을 두어 처리하고 응집율 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, E, TC, TE, LTE 처리구에서 응집율의 차이를 볼 수 있었으며, 신경아세포와 골격근아세포의 접합과 응집에 관여하는 물질 중 칼슘 의존계와 비의존계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 신경아세포와 골격근아세포를 같이 배양하여 이들 세포가 서로 응집하는 것을 알아보기 위해, FITC로 생체염색을 하였다. 그 결과 E 처리구와 TC 처리구에서 세포간의 응집이 일어난 것이 관찰되었다. TE 처리구에서는 응집이 일어나지 않았다. LTE 처리구에서도 간혹 응집이 일어난 것이 관찰되었으나 대부분 응집이 일어나지 않았다. 이로서, 칼슘 의존계의 단백질이 신경아세포와 골격근아세포의 상호 응집에 관여한다고 추정할 수 있었다. 응집에 관여하는 단백질의 변화를 보기 위해 전기영동을 한 결과, E 처리구와 TC 처리구의 시료에서 135Kda, 127Kda의 두 단백질을 관찰할 수 있었다. TE 처리구와 LTE 처리구 등 칼슘 의존계가 소멸된 시료에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서, 칼슘 의존계에만 관여하는 단백질의 존재가 확인되었다. 이는 N-cadherin으로 추정되어지나, immunoblot을 통한 검정과정이 요구된다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 보면, 신경아세포와 골격근아세포에 동일한 칼슘 의존계 단백질이 존재하며, 이 단백질이 신경아세포와 골격근아세포의 접합에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, 신경아세포와 골격근아세포의 접합에 대한 보다 세밀한 생리학적 연구와 신경아세포와 골격근아세포의 연접부위에서의 단백질의 분포등 생화학적 연구가 뒷받침되어야 하며, 135Kda과 127Kda 단백질에 대한 면역학적 분석이 요구된다. There are several kinds of cell adhesion proteins which can be divided into three major groups. Those are the calcium-dependent system, the calcium-independent system, and a third system unrelated with calcium. Calcium-dependent system has several characteristics which reveal calcium-sensitive conformational changes, trypsin and protease-sensitive degradation. In this study, CaCl₂, EDTA, and trypsin were treated to conform the existence of these adhesion molecules. As the results, there were aggregation rate differences among E, TC, TE, and LTE treatments. The results suggest that there are calcium-dependent system and independent system which are related with neuron-muscle adhesion and aggregation. To show muscle cells aggregated with neurons, FITC vital staining was employed. TC and E treated cells were aggregated each other but LTE and TE treated cells were not aggregated. It suggests that calcium-dependent proteins were related to neuron-muscle aggregation. To detect the proteins related to aggregation, electrophoresis was employed. 127 Kda and 135 Kda proteins were detected on E and TC treated samples. However they were not detected on TE and LTE treated samples with eliminated calcium dependent system. Thus, it suggests that calcium-dependent adhesion proteins participated in neuron-muscle aggregation. N-cadherin was thought to be a candidate, but further studies are needed. Taken together, neuron and muscle have same calcium-dependent proteins and these proteins affect neuron-muscle aggregation. Futher immunological as says to identify 135 and 127 Kda proteins are needed and morphological studies about proteins distribution of neuromuscular junction are needed.

그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.

AMESim를 이용한 유압 굴삭기용 Main Control Valve의 해석에 관한 연구

임태형,최종환,양순용,이병룡,안경관 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

The hydraulic excavator has been a popular research object for automation because of its multi-workings and economic efficiency. When it works crane tasks, most of disasters happen. The objective of this paper is to design each components and to construct boom, arm, bucket circuit. These models modeled with AMESim show us change of variables and behavior of excavator. Simulation model will be used for simulator of excavator.

건설 프로젝트 파이낸싱의 활용 방안에 관한 연구

김원용,박홍태,안장원,전용배 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1999 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.29 No.-

대형 프로젝트 수주를 위해서는 기획·관리능력뿐만 아니라 건설업체의 금융조달능력이 필요하다. 프로젝트 파이낸싱은 단일금융기법이 아닌 복합적이고, 다양한 이해당사자가 관련된 자금조달기법이므로 그 관계당사자중 한 부분의 노력만으로는 성공할 수는 없다. 정부와 금융기관이 협조를 강화하고, 특히 정부차원에서 지원정책과 규제 완화조치로 지원을 개선하는 노력이 필요하다. 이에 국내 건설업체도 프로젝트 파이낸싱의 도입을 건설 수주를 위한 하나의 수단으로만 받아들이는 오류를 피하고 국내외 건설환경을 분석·대응하는 등의 적절한 대처가 요구되며, 기술경쟁력뿐만 아니라 건설관리능력과 자금조달에 관련하여 프로젝트 파이낸싱의 필요성을 인식하고 연구하여 활용하도록 해야 한다. Receiving a major project order requires not only planning and management but financing capability of construction companies. Since project finance is multi-complex financial supply method by various parties concerned not a single supply method, it can not succeed with one part's effort. It is also necessary to reinforce the relationship between the governments and financing companies, especially the support and regulation relax policy by the governments. As such, domestic construction companies should not consider induction of project finance as a means of acceptance a construction environment in domestic and overseas. And also it is necessary to apply in the field which researched about technology competitiveness, construction management capability and financial supply.