정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Interrelation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, and p27Kip1 Expression on Tissue Arrays of Breast Cancer

Sehwan Han,Young-Duck Kim,Hong-Yong Kim,Hong-Joo Kim,Kyeongmee Park,Byung-Noe Bae,Suk Yong Ryu,Ki Hwan Kim 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.5

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical impact of the alteredexpression of cell cycle regulators in stage I and II breastcancers.Materials and Methods: The interaction between cyclinD1/E and p27Kip1 expressions were analyzed usingtissue microarray (TMA) technology in 133 breast cancers.Data from the immunohistochemical assays of 3molecules were merged, and analyzed, with a Ki67labeling index of the same tumors.Results: Cyclin D1 was expressed in 72 breast carcinomas(54.1%) and cyclin E in 60 (45.1%) out of the 133breast carcinomas. Expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclinE were inversely related to each other, and significantlyassociated with the estrogen receptor (ER) expressionand differentiation of the breast carcinoma. The expressionof cyclin E was significantly decreased in tumorsexpressing cyclin D1 (p=0.022). There was a trend forcyclin D1 expression to increase in tumors expressingp27Kip1 (p=0.053), but the expression of cyclin E didnot correlate with p27Kip1 expression. The Ki67 labelingindex was markedly increased in tumors expressing cyclinE, whereas it was significantly decreased in the cyclin D1or p27Kip1 expressing-tumors. From survival analysis,cyclin E expression was the only significant variable forthe prediction of poor survival.Conclusion: The abnormal expressions of cell cycleregulatory molecules are prevalent, and interrelated witheach other in breast cancer. Integration of TMA technologyallowed a high-throughput analysis for correlating molecularthe in situ findings, with the clinico-pathologicinformation. Among the three molecules studied, thecyclin E had a prognostic implication for stage I and IIbreast cancer. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:388-393)

Expression Profiles of Retinoblastoma Protein and p27Kip1 According to HER2 Amplification Status in Primary Breast Cancer

신재호,Sung-Jin Park,Hyun-Jin Cho,Geumhee Gwak,Byung-Noe Bae,Ki Whan Kim,Hong-Yong Kim2,Kyeongmee Park,Sehwan Han 한국유방암학회 2009 Journal of breast cancer Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)/neu amplification affects the cell proliferation through the modulation of multiple G1 cell cycle regulators in breast tumor cells. We performed this study to investigate whether retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and p27Kip1 were differently expressed according to the HER2 amplification status in human breast cancer. Methods: HER2 amplification was assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the expression of cell cycle regulators were assayed by immunohistochemistry on 153 consecutive invasive breast cancers. The proliferative activity of breast cancer was analyzed according to the HER2 amplification and cell cycle protein expression status. Results: HER2 amplification was observed in 39 (25.5%) of 153 breast cancers. In the HER2 amplified breast cancers, the pRB expression was significantly increased (p=0.011) whereas there was no significant relationship between HER2 amplification and p27Kip1 expression. There was an inverse correlation between pRB expression and Ki-67 labeling index in the HER2 amplified breast cancers (p=0.036). In contrast, Ki67 labeling index was significantly decreased as p27Kip1 expression increased in HER2 non-amplified breast cancers (p=0.028). In HER2 non-amplified breast cancers, we could not observe any association between the pRB expression and Ki67 labeling index. Conclusion: The proliferation of the breast cancers was associated with pRB expression in HER2 amplified tumors whereas it was associated with p27Kip1 expression in HER2 non-amplified tumors. The results of the current study indicate that the cell proliferative activity of the breast cancer is under different growth signal pathways according to HER2 amplification status.

초등 사회과 3학년 지역화 교수·학습자료개발 연구

홍기대,손정선,김언식,김용조,이광성,김경운 光州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 初等敎育硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is in developing locally-oriented teaching-learning materials to motivate students to effectively take part in activities using map and in improving the field work of social studies to plan a map learning and to give them the ability of practice. It represents the right order involved in teaching the activities using map after doing preceding learning : classroom, playground, and the environs of the school including to some learning methods such as a puzzle map, a correlative of learning. Field trip study planning and lesson-plan are designed in case of Sewage disposal plant, Duknam filtration plant, Bonchon industrial complex relating to field trip study. There are some effects expected which follow through this study. First, teachers are able to draw learner's interest in finding learning sources directly through the community where they live. Second, learners have active participation in class, motivation, drawing their interests through map learning by doing preceding study of learner-centered. Third, teachers can make use of it as useful tools to get high achievement goal with self-direct learning.

철도 차량의 동적 안정성에 관한 연구

홍용기,유원희,박영필,박해성 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

The object of this study is to analyze the dynamic characteristic of lateral damper for the railway vehicle. The vibration characteristics are studied from eigenvalue analysis for critical velocity, and frequency analysis for the effects of the damper. Critical velocity of the model passenger car is found to be a) 20 m/s for damping force of 0 kg s/m, b) 64 m/s for damping force of 1,500 kg s/m, c) 60∼74 m/s for damping force of 730∼2,500 kg s/m. In high speed running, damping force should be decreased for high critical velocity. Lateral damping force should be greater than 730 kg s/m for stable running.

이태리의 地域政策

洪起容 檀國大學校 地域硏究所 1986 地域硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This paper is concerned with the regional policy process in Italy particularly referring to regional planning and industrial development in the South. Italy presents the most classic model of economic dualism. In fact the problem of the backwardness of the Italian South is of worldwide significance, for nowhere has there been devised a satisfactory mechanism for solving the problem of underdevelopment and regional imbalance that affect to developing countries like Korea. Policy aimed at solving the regional problem of the South can be devided into three phases. The pre-industrialization phase was in 1950-1957 which was emphasized on land reform and general infrastrictire; In the second phase in 1957-66, attention switched to stimulating industrial development directly by locating publicly owned industry in the South. In the last phase, policy has become more regionally concentrated within the South as a whole and more integrated into national planning. The regional problem in South Italy includes the questions of industrialization strategy relevant to less developed countries as well as specifically regional and locational questions. The infrastructure and incentive policies pursued by the Government have less significantly improved the share of the under-developed South in income and employment. However, it is quite true that regional policies have contributed a lot to the improvement of the South. In spite of the underiable achievement in the South, the essential difference between North and South remain progressive. The South will long continue to be a dependent province of the North until a fundamental recording of social and economic values occurs. Italy is still a country of great regional diversity and disparity as well as be regarded as one of the best laboratories in the world for the study of regional policy.

생분해성 PLA를 이용한 안경테의 적용 및 그의 물성 연구

홍기헌 ; 김용석 김천대학교 2011 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.32 No.-

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is well known as a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester with good physical properties. In recent year, environmental deterioration caused by synthetic plastic is serious. So, PLA is a one way to solve the problem. This study investigated the optimum conditions of injection moulding and the properties of the biodegradable eyeglass frame, such as tensile strength, elongation, mould shrink-age, dyeability and elastic deformation. Biodegradable eyeglass frame (temple) can be made with injection moulding machine in the optimum conditions. Materials were used PLA only and plasticizer modified PLA, respectively. Tensile strength and elongation of PLA was around 600kgf/cm' and 6 10% respectively. Those of plasticizer modified PLA was 560kgf/cm' and 25% respectively. PLA temple has brittle characteristics not flexibility. But the property was not significant with respect to the various injection moulding conditions. And tensile strength decreased and elongation increased with addition of the plasicizer. Dyeability was excellent for all sam-ples. After high deformation, the frame can not recover completely. Elastic recovery of plasticizer modified PLA was better than that of PLA only.

美國의 地域政策

洪起容 단국대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Early U.S. programs for regional policy were based on the concept of relating economic development to construction of national road and cannals. The first notable achievement of this policy was the construction of the national road which provided a link between the Atlanic Coast and the Ohio valley. In the 1930's great depression national efforts to improve economic and social conditions concentrated upon resource development. The Tennessee Valley is one of the well known venture in regional development. However, regional policy in the United States is primarily based on legislation passed in 1965. For example, the Appalachian Development Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act represented an unprecedented effort to deal with regional problems characterized by high unemployment and low income in certain areas. It required the preparation by the areas concerned of overall Economic Development Plans. The legislation focused on the problems of distressed or lagging areas and regions with high unemployment. The United States has developed an elaborate system of aids to promate the growth of lagging regions. Regional development policy conceived has been inspired by too major concerns. The frist is based on equity and the second on efficiency for national growth. It will be worthwhile to conceive the U.S. experience in regional policy for the future development of Korean regional policy. Though differed from regional policy environment between two countries, decentralized regional planning authority to local government will be very much alpplicable for Korea on the assumption that local self-government system could be practically realized soon.

중국 기업공시제도의 개선방향에 관한 연구

홍기용,박희선 한국세무회계학회 2002 세무회계연구 Vol.11 No.-

중국은 1980년대에 증권시장이 형성된 후 상장회사의 운영이 더욱 확대되었으며, 그동안 증권법을 제정하였고 관련법규들도 개정을 하는 등 각종 제도를 정비해 왔다. 이 과정에서 기업정보의 공시도 많은 발전을 가져왔지만 아직도 공시제도의 운영이나 관리가 선진국가들에 비해 미흡한 수준이다. 최근 중국은 시장경제의 발전 특히 WTO의 가입으로 국제경쟁력강화와 국제관례에 부합되도록 기존의 회계 및 경제법규들을 점진적으로 개정하여 가고 있다. 그러나 효율적 증권시장의 운영과 투자자 권익을 보호하기 위한 현행 기업공시제도에 대한 개정은 개정의 폭이나 내용의 중요성 측면에서 볼 때 부분개정의 형식에 의한 것으로서 증권법체계가 완전히 정비되지는 못하였다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이 논문은 문헌연구를 통하여 현행 중국의 기업공시제도 문제점을 검토 및 분석하고 향후 개선방향을 아래와 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 정부주도의 공시관리체제를 민간관리체제로 이양, 둘째, 전자매체공시의 보편화를 추진, 셋째, 공시되는 정보의 정확성을 제고, 넷째, 회계정보의 다양성 및 적시성을 확보, 다섯째, 공시책임자제도의 도입 등이다.

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.