경대(經臺) 김상현(金尙鉉)의 교유시에 대한 일고찰

김용태 ( Kim Yong-tai ) 한국한문학회 2021 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.- No.83

김상현은 19세기 중반 서울 문단의 중요한 작가였지만 안타깝게도 문집이 오늘날 전해지지 않고 있는 가운데, 그가 젊은 시절에 지은 시들을 모은 『경대시략』과 『경대시존』만전하고 있다. 본고는 이 자료를 통해 김상현의 교유시를 살펴보았다. 젊은 시절 김상현의 교유는 크게 ‘정약용 부자와의 교유’, ‘김매순과 홍석주 등 선배 문인과의 교유’, ‘윤종의와 박규수 등 동료 문인과의 교유’로 나누어 볼 수 있다. ‘정약용 부자와의 교유’에서는 김상현이 어떻게 당파가 다른 정약용에게서 가르침을 받을 수 있었는지 그 경위를 밝혔고, 어린 김상현의 눈에 정약용과 정학연이 어떠한 모습으로 비쳤는지를 살펴보았다. 이 부분은 향후 다산학단의 시문학 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것이다. ‘선배 문인과의 교유’에서는 ‘북촌 한문학’이 19세기 전반기 세대에서 중반기 세대로 이어지는 모습을 확인할 수 있었다. 김상현은 김매순, 이정리, 홍석주 등 선배들의 학문과 문학을 존경 어린 시선으로 증언하고, 선배들은 김상현을 격려하며 이끌어주었다. ‘동료 문인과의 교유’에서는 1840년 무렵 김상현이 동료 문인들과 매우 활발한 교유 활동에 나섰음을 확인하였다. 이 당시 이들의 움직임에서는 대단히 활기찬 에너지가 감지되는데, 끈끈한 동지적 결속을 바탕으로 미래에 대한 희망이 이들의 마음을 사로잡았던 것으로 보인다. 이 점은 문학사를 넘어 정치사에서도 주목할 지점이라고 생각되는바 향후 학계의 집중적인 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다. Kim Sang Hyun is an important writer of Seoul literary circles in the mid-19th century, but unfortunately, his collection of literary works is not available today. However, the books of poetry he wrote when he was young, “Kyung Dae Si Ryak(經臺詩略)” and “Kyung Dae Si Jon(經臺詩存)” remain. Therefore, in this paper, I analyzed the poems he wrote while interacting with people, based on Kyung Dae Si Ryak and Kyung Dae Si Jon, which are the only materials that can examine the literary world of Kim Sang Hyun. Kim Sang Hyun’s social interaction in his youth can be divided into three categories: “interaction with Jeong Yak Yong’s family”, “interaction with senior writers such as Hong Seok Ju”, and “interaction with fellow writers such as Yoon Jong Eui and Park Kyu Soo”. In the chapter on “interaction with Jeong Yak Yong’s family”, I revealed how Kim Sang Hyun was able to be taught by Jeong Yak Yong of other factions. In addition, Kim Sang Hyun’s poems about Jeong Yak Yong’s family were examined to understand what the appearances of Jeong Yak Yong and Jeong Hak Yeon were reflected in the eyes of Kim Sang Hyun at that time. The contents in this chapter can be used for future study on literature of Dasan Academy. In the chapter on “interaction with senior writers”, it was possible to see how “Sino-Korean literature in Bukchon” was changing from the first half of 19th century to the mid-19th century. Kim Sang Hyun respected the studies and literature of his seniors such as Kim Mae Soon, Lee Jeong Ri, and Hong Seok Ju. Hence, the seniors encouraged and guided him. In the chapter on “interaction with fellow writers”, it was confirmed that Kim Sang Hyun had active interaction with many fellow writers around 1840, while he had mainly interacted with the Jeong Yak Yong family and senior writers before. This fellowship seems to come from the strong comradeship between young writers and their hope for the future. However, this atmosphere rapidly disappeared after the death of Heonjong of Joseon. This point should be noted not only in the history of literature, but also in the history of politics, and intensive research will be necessary for the future.

김균진의 신학과 신학적 공헌

김명용 연세대학교 신과대학 2009 신학논단 Vol.56 No.-

Kyun Jin Kim is one of very important modem theologians in Korea. He was president of Korean society of systematic theology and is now president of Korean society for Karl Barth's theology. He has served more than 30 years as professor of systematic theology at Yonsei university. He has made a big impact on Korean theology. I. Kyun Jin Kim' theological characteristics 1. Kyun Jin Kim's theology is a theology of the kingdom of God. Although soul salvation plays a big role in Kim' theology, the kingdom of God is the core of his theology. He has written his doctrine of systematic theology in the light of the kingdom of God. It is the purpose of his theology to establish the kingdom of God on the earth. 2. Kyun Jin Kim' theology is a messianic theology. According to Kim, it is important to know that Christ was the messiah. Kim denies that the concept messiah is interpreted only spiritually. He can be a political messiah, although he doesn't want to rule the world with coercive power. He is the messiah who saves not only our souls, but also the world and the earth. 3. Kyun Jin Kim's theology is a holistic theology. He is not interested in a biased theology. He loves holistic theological view. According to Kim, Korean Min Jung theology lacks this holistic view, although it shows us very important field to establish the kingdom of God. Ⅱ. Kyun Jin Kim's theological contributions 1. Kyun Jin Kim's first theological contribution to Korean theology is his five books of systematic theology. He accomplished his doctrine of systematic theology. His five books of systematic theology can be valued in Korean like Church Dogmatics of Karl Barth. 2. Kyun Jin Kim's theology is very academic. His theology is a very high level theology which can compete with european theologies. It is important to know that european theologians should learn from his theology. 3. Kyun Jin Kim's third theological contribution is his translation of many books of J. Moltmann. He translated into Korean the crucified God, Trinity and Kingdom of God, the Way of Jesus Christ, Sprit of life, the coming God etc. 4. Kyun Jin Kim's forth theological contribution is his contribution to the theology of life. He develops a very high level theology of life in Korea.

전후 한국시의 ‘현대성’과 그 계보적 가설 : 김종삼 시를 중심으로

김용희(Kim Yong-hee) 한국근대문학회 2009 한국근대문학연구 Vol.10 No.1

김종삼 시는 한국 현대시사에서 암시와 생략, 절제와 순수로 익히 정평이 나 있다. 이는 1950년대 한국 전쟁 상황이라는 비극적 인식 속에서 본질적 이념으로서의 기의를 상실한 채 시적 징후로서 현실을 형상화할 수밖에 없는 전후 시인들의 시대적 실어증을 내포하고 있다. 이는 김수영과 김춘수, 김종삼을 포함한 1950년대 문학인 전체에 해당하는 사안이다. 이들은 “외국어(일본어)로 사고하고 구성하고 모국어로 그것을 옮”겨야하는 불구적 창작방식의 세대였다. 유려한 리듬과 토속의 능숙한 구사를 원천적으로 제약당했던 세대가 민족 고유어나 민요를 계승할 수 없는 것은 당연한 일이었다. 박재삼이나 박용래와 같은 일부 시인을 제외하고 대부분 시인들이 모더니즘에 경사된 측면은 어쩌면 필연적이라 할 수 있다. 이 가운데서 김종삼은 비극적이고 황폐한 현실 인식, 가난과 소외와 죽음의식, 실존의 문제에 천착하면서 독자적인 시 형식을 보여준다. 불완전한 구문, 자주 급격히 끊어지는 리듬, 논리적 유추를 거부하는 생략과 비약, 여백들. 이는 ‘낡은 언어를 버리고 새로운 언어’를 찾고자 하는 시인의지이다. 세계 인간에 대한 부조리, 폐허 속에서의 부재의식, 피안-순수의 세계를 지향하고자 하는 초월적 낭만의지와 연관되며 릴케 영향 받은 후 실존주의에 대한 심취, 서양문화, 음악에 대한 경도와 연관된다. 이와같은 심취는 다시 미학적 시적 형식으로 육화된다. 1950년대 한국시 모더니즘은 1960년대에 안정적인 구도를 찾아간다고 할 수 있다. 한국시의 새로운 흐름은 소월, 만해에서 페시미즘과 토속적 초월주의, 미당의 전통설화에서의 민속주의, 청록파의 자연주의를 부정하면서 김수영, 김춘수라는 한국 모더니즘의 새로운 국면으로 접어든다. 김수영의 현실부정의 시학과 역동적 시적 주체의 문제, 김춘수의 언어실험 극단에 발생하는 도발적 이미지 충돌과 언어 본질 기능의 천착. 그 극단의 양 갈래 사이에 김종삼이 위치하는 것은 아닌가 한다. 김수영의 대사회적 삶의 태도, 김춘수의 역사허무주의 속에서 언어본질 탐구, 그 사이에 김종삼의 무정부주의적 삶의 한 단면을 생각해 볼 필요가 있다. 1960년대 한국 현대시 모더니티의 정착에서 새로움이 자아 인식, 개인의 발견, 일상적 개인의 추구라 한다면 김종삼 시는 지금까지 한국시에서 일찍이 볼 수 없었던 묘사적 ‘이미지를 통한 상징성’, 개성적 언어형식을 통한 ‘여백과 생략의 심미성’을 보여준다. Jongsam Kim's poetry is well-known for its suggestion, omission, temperance and genuineness in Korean modern poetry history. This has postwar poets' epochal aphasia of representing reality as poetic indication deprived of significance as the essential ideology, within the tragic recognition called Korean war in the 1950s. Such is a case relevant to the entire literary men in the 1950s, including Suyeong Kim, Chunsu Kim and Jongsam Kim. They were the generation of crippled creative method that conceived, composed in foreign language (Japanese) and then put into native language. It was a natural outcome for the generation, which was fundamentally constrained from having skillful command of elegant rhythm and folkways, to unable to inherit ethnic native tongue or folk song. Except for some poets like Jaesam Park or Yongrae Park, it was some what of perforce for most poets to show sides slanted towards Modernism. Jongsam Kim among them shows original poetry form by inquiring into recognition of tragic ruined reality, awareness of poverty, alienation and death, as well as the existent issues. Defective construction, frequent sudden breaks of rhythm, omission and leap refusing rational analogy, and blanks. These are the will of the poet to 'discard old language and search for new language'. After being influenced by Rilke in relation to transcendental romantic volition of heading towards absurdity for cosmopolitans, absent consciousness in the ruins and the world of Nirvana-purity, it was related to the fascination with existentialism, western culture and the degree of music. Such fascination is incarnated again into aesthetic poetry form. It can be said that Modernism of Korean poetry in the 1950s found its stable composition by the 1960s. From Sowol and Manhae, the new flow of Korean poetry approached the new aspect of Korean Modernism with Suyeong Kim and Chunsu Kim, by denying feminism; ethnic transcendentalism; ethnicism within traditional tale of Midang; and naturalism of the Cheongrokpa. Suyeong Kim's poetry of denying reality and theme of dynamic poetic subject, Chunsu Kim's collision of provocative imagery generated from the extreme language experiment and inquiry into the essential function of language. One thinks Jongsam Kim stands in the middle of the two extremes. It is necessary to think about one slice of Jongsam Kim's anarchistic life among Suyeong Kim's anti-social attitude to life and Chunsu Kim's investigation of linguistic essence seen in Historical Nihilism. When the recency was pursuing self-perception, discovery of individuals and ordinary individual in the modernity of Korean modern poetry in the 1960s, Jongsam Kim's poetry shows depictive 'symbolism through imagery' which was never seen in Korean poetry before as well as 'aesthetic appreciation for blank and omission' through his unique linguistic form.

김수영 시에 나타난 분열된 남성의식

김용희(Kim Yong-hee) 한국시학회 2001 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.4

In previous studies, Kim Soo-young had been considered as a precursor of modernist, who adopted the core spirit of modernism. Sometimes he was believed hard to be understood This study will focus an male consciousness revealed in his poems, Although his poems show conflict between self and world, they reveal his self-consciousness as a man, who lived a difficult time. In his poems Kim reveals his male consciousness as a intellectual, who confronted modernity. A stereotype of modern "macho man" is very close to the image of a man who possesses a sense of responsibility and determination, independence and achievement, power and humanity. It is very different from the traditional image of a man which was valued in the pre-industrial society, in which a man was thought to be scholastic. An ideal man in the traditional society should re idealistic and nominalistic, but was actually powerless and interdependent in the real world He evaluated human relations very high and was very social. In this view Kim felt the conflict between the image of "traditional man" and "modern man" and found discontinuity between the two images. Facing modernity, Kim was exposed to the reality of backwardness of Korea, which had been refused to maintain the traditional way of life or normal historical development. Continuity of history and tradition was identified with male consciousness in Kim At this point. Kim experienced historical discontinuity and disorganization of identification. A father was not supposed to be confronted face to face, a wife was a front-runner of new civilization and a quick adopter of the real world. In this respect, "Pul(Grass)," which had been usually interpreted from a viewpoint of people (minjung), needs a new interpretation In "Pul" Kim could not avoid the dichotomy of comparison, describing as 'faster than the wind,' 'ahead of the wind,' or 'later than the wind' Kim revealed that he was not free from the competitive world by using adverbs and verbs which mean comparison to describe the wind It shows he was in conflict with reality. From the viewpoint that the 'laughing' of a man on the grass was not 'laughing' of anybody but 'faster one,' Kim's poetry was interlocked with the lives of modern men. It reveals disorganization and conflict of modern men and 'the process of manly overcome' because 'laughing' on the grass is a laugh of revolutionary achievement and also a laugh busted at the end of manly 'self-confrontation' 'The victory of grass' is clearly different from the value of new creation which attempts universal reconciliation through cycling, prosperity, and expansion.

A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

의사 김필순의 생애와 독립운동

김주용 ( Kim Joo-yong ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 2018 연세의사학 Vol.21 No.1

2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the March First Movement, As a result, the interim government of the Republic of Korea was established and it was busy to inform the international community. The representative figure was Kim Gyu-sik, a well-known fact. However his brother-in-law, Kim Pil-soon, a great doctor and independence activist who silently performed his role, was buried in history. This article does not focus on the fact that Kim Pil-soon was one of the first seven licensed medical doctors in Korean history, and that he was one of the leading figures in the Korean medical community. He revealed how he devoted himself to the independence movement, not resting on his stable career as a doctor, but not ignoring the reality of his country at that time. In addition to being a doctor who was responsible for the hygiene of the immigrant Koreans after the exile in China, he was able to expand the scope of independent movement through his activities as an independent activist in Northern Manchuria. It is a remaining task to study about Kim Pil-soon's offsprings staged anti-Japanese struggles throughout China after Kim's death.

순수시의 상호작용ㆍ金永郞과 朴龍喆

김용직(Kim Yong-jik) 한국시학회 2004 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.10

This paper is to study two major ´Si-mun-hak' school poets, Kim Young-rang and Park Yong-chul, who take important positions in the history of Korean Poetry. It is noticeable that they both are from Honam and study together in Seoul and Yomiuri Institute, Japan. Thus we can say that they compose pure poems under the base of mutual emotional bondage. They publish monumental poems in the history of Korean poems just after and before the first publication of Si-mun-hak, and this process we can notice friendship and close literary bondage between them. Both of them are composers of pure poems, however, a close examination indicates that they have their own independent characteristics. Though Kim Young-rang starts from a composer of pure poems, small notices could be found that he accepts historical consciousness, awareness of the contemporary situation, and ethnic emotion. On the contrary Park Yong-chul is romantic and mostly publishes melpoems, which shows that he is under the influence of Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher. This melancholy sense demonstrates his poetic colour, to stick with pure poems due to the lack of present situation. Park ,Yong-chul a scholar of German Literature, is different from Kim Young-rang who wants to concretize the world of folklore and ethnic emotion Park Yong-chul is interested in the current of the poems worldwide, is deeply embedded in romantic world, and attempts to revitalize the poems in his own way.

김교신의 무교회운동 재고: 그 목표와 한계

김용복(박사) ( Yong Bok Kim ) 한국복음주의신학회 2010 성경과신학 Vol.54 No.-

이 연구는 김교신의 무교회운동을 재평가하는 데 목적이 있다. 김교신에게 성서연구는 어떤 의미가 있었는가? 그는 그 연구결과를 자신의 삶에서 어떻게 실천했는가? 이 연구는 이런 질문들에 대한 답을 추구하는 과정에서 김교신의 무교회운동이 지향한 목표와 그 한계점을 살펴보았다.김교신의 무교회운동은 두 가지 목표를 가지고 있었다. 하나는 이 땅에 참된 성서적 기독교를 세우는 일이고, 다른 하나는 신앙적 인간을 양성하여 민족의 운명을 개척하는 것이었다. 김교신이 추구했던 “참된 기독교”는 다른말로 “전적 기독교” 혹은 “조선산(朝鮮産) 기독교”를 구현하는 일이었다. 일반적으로 이 운동의 특징은 세 가지로 평가되어왔다. 첫째, 그것은 반교권운동이었다. 그는 제도화된 교회들의 전통주의와 신조주의를 거부했다. 둘째, 이 운동은 조선산 기독교를 추구했던 반선교사운동이었다. 셋째, 이 운동은 서당식 성서연구와 [성서조선]의 발간을 통한 민중운동이었다. 김교신은 자신의 민족을 사랑했으며, 참된 기독교를 구현하려고 노력했던 헌신적인 그리스도인이었다. 조선산 기독교라 불렸던 그의 신앙운동은 한국교회의 대안운동으로 평가될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 실천적인 측면에서 볼때, 몇 가지 문제들도 있다: 첫째, 무교회운동은 성서를 선택적으로 받아들였다. 둘째, 무교회운동의 방법은 김교신 자신의 개인적 경험과 성서해석에 크게 의존되어 있었다. 셋째, 김교신의 성서연구는 민중보다 지성인들에게 적합한 것이었다. 넷째, 운동의 지성적 측면을 너무 강조했기 때문에, 김교신은 일제시대에 민중의 실제적인 문제들에 참여하는 일에 소극적인 경향이 있었다. The purpose of this study is to reappraise the non-church[無敎會] movement of Kim Kyo-Shin. What did it mean to study the Bible for Kim? And how did he practice the result of the study in his life? In pursuit of the answers of these questions, the goals of the non-church movement and its limitations will be investigated. Kim’s non-church movement had two goals. The first one was to establish the true biblical Christianity in Chosun, and the other was to pioneer the national destiny by educating the faithful Christian believers. The true Christianity for Kim Kyo-Shin was to realize “total[全的] Christianity” or “Chosunsan(朝鮮産) Christianity” and he pursued these goals by criticizing formalistic and authoritarian Chosun Christianity of his days. In general, the characteristics of this movement have been evaluated from three aspects. First, it was against the existing church’s authoritarianism. He rejected traditionism and creedalism in the institutionalized churches. Second, it was an anti-missionary movement, which sought to establish the Chosunsan Christianity. Third, it was the people’s movement through his “Seodang(書堂) Bible Study” and publication of [Sungseo Chosun] (聖書朝鮮) Kim Kyo-Shin was a devout Christian who deeply loved his country, and tried to establish Chosunsan Christianity. One can easily credit his faith-movement called Chosunsan Christianity as the alternative Christianity in Korea. However, there are some problems in practice: First, the movement was to read the bible in a selective way. Second, the method of the faith-movement depended largely on Kim’s personal experience and biblical interpretation. Third, his Bible study was not oriented for common people but for the intellectual. Fourth, he focused too much on the intellectual aspect of the movement, and thereupon tended to be passive in participating in physical matters of the people during the Japanese regime.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

Development of a noninvasive KIM-1-based live-imaging technique in the context of a drug-induced kidney-injury mouse model

Tae-Jun Kwon,Da-Sol Lee,Md. Enamul Haque,Rang-Woon Park,Byungheon Lee,Dongkyu Kim,Yong-Hyun Jeon,Kil-Soo Kim,Sang Kyoon Kim 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

The development of reliable methods to diagnose acute kidney injury is essential to allow the adoption of early therapeutic interventions and evaluate their effectiveness. Based on the fact that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression levels in kidneys are markedly upregulated early after a damage event, here we developed a noninvasive KIM- 1-based molecular imaging technique to detect kidney injury. First, we took advantage of a phage-display platform to select small peptides demonstrating a specific high binding affinity to KIM-1. The promising candidate was conjugated with fluorescent probes, and its imaging potential was validated in vitro and in vivo. This peptide, with the sequence CNRRRA, not only showed a high imaging potential in vitro, allowing a strong detection of KIM-1 expressing cells by microscopy and flow cytometry but also generated a strong kidney-specific signal in live-imaging in vivo experiments in the context of a drug-induced kidney-injury mouse model. Our data overall suggest that the CNRRRA peptide is a promising probe to use in the context of in vivo imaging for the detection of KIM-1 overexpression in damaged kidneys.