지구온난화에 따른 증발-강수 재순환 비율의 변화

김맹기,고수미,남궁지연 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1999 自然科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

이 연구에서는 기후모델의 수치적분자료를 재순환 모델에 적용하여 지구온난화가 대륙의 증발-강수 재순환 비율에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 규준실험에서 나타난 증발-강수 재순환 비율은 지역과 계절에 관계없이 30%를 넘는 경우는 발견되지 않았으며, 저위도 보다는 중위도 지역에서 재순환 비율의 계절변동이 크게 나타났다. 지구온난화에 수반된 재순환 비율은 규준실험에서 나타난 비율에 비해 대체로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 대륙 강수량이 지면 증발에 의한 영향보다는 영역 밖의 해양에서 제공된 수증기가 대륙으로 수송되어 미치는 영향이 더 중가한다는 것을 의미한다. 다만 중위도 봄철에는 지면 증발에 의한 영향이 재순환 비율의 증가에 상당부분 기여하는 것으로 평가되는데, 이는 지구온난화에 따른 봄철의 눈녹음이 강화되어 토양수분을 증가시키는 현상과 밀접하게 관련되어 있었다. Based on the evaporation-precipitation recycling model, the recycling ratio was evaluated using the data obtained from 3 type simulations of climate model. The degree to which regional precipitation is supplied by recycled surface evaporation is about 30% below, and have more significant seasonal cycle in mid-latitude than in low-latitude, in control experiments. The recycling ratio due to global warning is reduced for all month, indicating that the contribution of surface evaporation to regional precipitation is smaller than that of evaporation in upstream ocean. But, in mid-latitude spring, the contribution of surface evaporation to regional precipitation was enhanced snow melting associated with global warming.

재조합 BMP-7 유전자가 전달된 HEK 293 세포에 의한 누드 마우스에서의 뼈형성

정수연,장원태,장연실,안면환,김재룡,송인환 영남대학교 의과대학 2003 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.20 No.2

To induce bone formation at ectopic site by tissue engineering and gene therapy, we transplanted collagen sponges containing rhBMP-7 transduced HEK 293 cells in the hypodermis of nude mice. Bone formation was investigated by histological and electron microscopic method at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after transplantation. At 9 weeks after transplantation, eosinophilic bony tissue was observed in the implanted collagen sponge and was confirmed as bone tissue by Von Kossa stain. In the transmission electron microscopic observation, the cells in newly formed bone tissue had eccentrically located nucleus and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). Therefore, the cells were evaluated as osteoblasts. Those results suggest that it is possible to form a bone tissue in the ectopic site by transplantation of rhBMP-7 transduced HEK 293 cells. This will be contributed to push more advanced gene therapy for bone formation. However, the HEK 293 cell is unable to apply to the clinical gene therapy. Therefore it is worth to find more compatible cells for clinical application. In addition, collagen sponge is considered as an excellent scaffold and/or carrier for gene therapy and a good biomaterial for tissue engineering.

FEM을 이용한 GMA 용접공정의 비드형상 모델링

박창언,김일수,장영호,정영재,손준식,배수연 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

Over the last few year, there has been a growing interest in quantitative representation of heat transfer phenomena in weld pools in order to relate the processing conditions to the quality of the weldment produced and to use this information for the optimisation and robotization of the welding process. Normally, a theoretical model offers a powerful alternative to check out the physical concepts of the welding process and to calculate the effects of varying any of parameters. To solve this problem, a transient 2D(two-dimensional) heat conduction model were developed for determining weld bead geometry and temperature distribution for the GMA welding process. The equation was solved using a general thermofluid-mechanics computer program, PHOENICS code, which is based on the SIMPLE algorithm. The simulation results showed that the calculated bead geometry from the developed model reasonablely agrees with the experiment results.

Outcome of Multipair Donor Kidney Exchange by a Web-Based Algorithm

Kim, Beom Seok,Kim, Yu Seun,Kim, Soon Il,Kim, Myoung Soo,Lee, Ho Yung,Kim, Yong-Lim,Kim, Chan Duck,Yang, Chul Woo,Choi, Bum Soon,Han, Duck Jong,Kim, Yon Su,Kim, Sung Joo,Oh, Ha-Young,Kim, Dae Joong American Society of Nephrology 2007 Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Vol.18 No.3

<P>Donor kidney exchange is an established method to overcome incompatibility of donor-recipient pairs (DRP). A computerized algorithm was devised to exchange donor kidney and was tested in a multicenter setting. The algorithm was made according to the consensus of participating centers. It makes all possible exchange combinations not only between two incompatible DRP but also circularly among three DRP and selects an optimum set of exchange combinations, considering several factors that can affect the outcome of the exchanged transplant. The algorithm was implemented as a web-based program, and matching was performed five times. Fifty-three DRP were enrolled from five transplant centers. The numbers of DRP that were enrolled in each matching were 38 (25:13), 39 (34:5), 33 (31:2), 32 (28:4), and 34 (30:4) (carryover:newcomer). The numbers of generated exchange combinations were 4:11, 3:17, 2:12, 2:3, and 2:3 (two-pair exchange:three-pair exchange), and the numbers of DRP in selected exchange combinations were six, 12, six, five, and four in each matching. The numbers of DRP with blood type O recipient or AB donor were five and one, respectively, in selected exchange combinations. Six DRP of two-pair exchange combinations and six DRP of three-pair exchange combinations underwent transplantation successfully. Computerized algorithm of donor kidney exchange was tried not only between two incompatible DRP but also circularly among three DRP. It showed that the algorithm has potential to improve the outcome of donor kidney exchange, especially for disadvantaged DRP with blood type O recipients or AB donors.</P>

RE-1 : The expression of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Type II Receptor (MISRII) in Endometrial hyperplasia

( Su Mi Kim ),( Ra Yon Kim ),( Mi Sun Kim ),( In Chul Jung ),( Mee Ran Kim ),( Jang Heub Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2014 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.100 No.-

목적: Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is produced in Sertoli cells of fetal testis and causes regression of Mullerian ducts. MIS is well known to act as a regulator of female reproductive function but also inhibits the growth of Mullerian duct-derived tumors in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, this study is aimed to analyze expression of MIS type II receptor (MISRII) and receptor mRNA in normal endometrium compared with endometrial hyperplaslaia, to make foundation of MIS as a biological modifier for treatment endometrial hyperplasia. 방법: The study included 18 human endometrial tissues (10 normal endometrium, 5 simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and 3 complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypia). The normal endometrium was classified as proliferative and secretory endometrium according to histologic finding. By Immunohistochemistry, we observed the expression and variation of MISRII protein. And the expression was graded by 2 experienced pathologists and categorized as negative, weakly positive, moderately positive and strongly positive. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify MISRII mRNA expression. 결과: 1. The expression of MISRII protein was observed on all normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia tissues. The endometrial hyperplasia showed moderate and strong expression, while normal endometrium showed weak and moderate expression. Among normal endometrium, the potency of MISRII expression was similar. 2. The expression of MISRII mRNA on normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia was evaluated and quantified by RT-PCR. 3. The amount of MISRII mRNA on simple endometrial hyperplasia tissue was 1.40 times more than that of normal endometrium and 1.77 times more on complex endometrial hyperplasia. 결론: This study demonstrates that MISRII is present on normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia tissues. The expression of MISRII was similar among normal endometrium but the level of MISRII mRNA was elevated on endometrial hyperplasia. These data suggest that MIS may be used as a biological modifier or therapeutic modulator on endometrial hyperplasia in the future.

Impact of Dialysate Calcium Concentration on Clinical Outcomes in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

Kim, Hyung Wook,Kim, Su-Hyun,Kim, Young Ok,Jin, Dong Chan,Song, Ho Chul,Choi, Euy Jin,Kim, Yong-Lim,Kim, Yon-Su,Kang, Shin-Wook,Kim, Nam-Ho,Yang, Chul Woo,Kim, Yong Kyun,Malindretos., Pavlos Williams & Wilkins Co 2015 Medicine Vol.94 No.40

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The association between dialysate calcium (DCa) concentration and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the impact of DCa concentration on mortality in incident HD patient.</P><P>Incident HD patients were selected from the Clinical Research Center registry—a prospective cohort study on dialysis patients in Korea. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to the prescribed DCa concentration at the time of enrollment. High DCa was defined as a concentration of 3.5 mEq/L, mid-DCa as 3.0 mEq/L, and low DCa as 2.5 to 2.6 mEq/L. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and secondary outcomes were cardiovascular or infection-related hospitalization.</P><P>A total of 1182 patients with incident HD were included. The number of patients in each group was 182 (15.4%) in high DCa group, 701 (59.3%) in the mid-DCa group, and 299 (25.3%) in the low DCa group. The median follow-up period was 16 months. The high DCa group had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with the mid-DCa group (hazard ratio [HR] 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–3.90, <I>P</I> = 0.005) and the low DCa group (HR 3.67, 95% CI 1.78–7.55, <I>P</I> < 0.001) after adjustment for clinical variables. The high DCa group was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular and infection-related hospitalization compared with the low DCa group (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.53–6.89, <I>P</I> = 0.002; and HR 2.77, 95% CI 1.29–5.94, <I>P</I> = 0.009, respectively). Of these 1182 patients, 163 patients from each group were matched by propensity scores. In the propensity score matched analysis, the high DCa group had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with the mid-DCa group (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.04–6.07, <I>P</I> = 0.04) and the low DCa group (HR 4.25, 95% CI 1.64–11.03, <I>P</I> = 0.003) after adjustment for clinical variables.</P><P>Our data showed that HD using a high DCa was a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular or infection-related hospitalization in incident HD patients.</P>

The Association between Body Mass Index and Mortality on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Kim, Yong Kyun,Kim, Su-Hyun,Kim, Hyung Wook,Kim, Young Ok,Jin, Dong Chan,Song, Ho Chul,Choi, Euy Jin,Kim, Yong-Lim,Kim, Yon-Su,Kang, Shin-Wook,Kim, Nam-Ho,Yang, Chul Woo SAGE Publications 2014 Peritoneal dialysis international Vol.34 No.4

<B>Background</B><P> Previous studies have demonstrated that increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with decreased mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the association between BMI and survival has not been well established in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of the study was to determine the association between BMI and mortality in the PD population using the Clinical Research Center (CRC) registry for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cohort in Korea. </P><B>Methods</B><P> Prevalent patients with PD were selected from the CRC registry for ESRD, a prospective cohort study on dialysis patients in Korea. Patients were categorized into four groups by quartiles of BMI. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of mortality with a BMI of quartile 2 (21.4 - 23.5 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) as the reference. </P><B>Results</B><P> A total of 900 prevalent patients undergoing PD were included. The median follow-up period was 24 months. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that the lowest quartile of BMI was associated with higher mortality (HR 3.00,95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26 - 7.15). However, the higher quartiles of BMI were not associated with mortality compared with the reference category of BMI quartile 2 (Quartile 3: HR 1.11, 95% CI, 0.43 - 2.85, Quartile 4: H R 1.64,95% CI, 0.66 - 4.06) after adjustment for clinical variables. </P><B>Conclusions</B><P> Lower BMI was a significant risk factor for death, but increased BMI was not associated with mortality in Korean PD patients. </P>

실험적 항기저막 사구체신염에 재조합 Uteroglobin 투여가 미치는 영향

김연수(Yon Su Kim),김현리(Hyun Lee Kim),이상구(Sang Goo Lee),양승희(Seung Hee Yang),김유영(You Young Kim),이세한(Sei Han Lee),정남현(Nam Hyun Chung),정현주(Hyun Joo Chung),김성균(Sung Kyun Kim) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.4

목 적 : 면역복합체 침착으로 인한 사구체신염은 우리나라 말기신부전의 중요한 원인이다. 최근 면역조절기능을 가진 uteroglobin(UG)을 유전적으로 결핍시킨 동물모델에서 인체의 IgA 신염과 같은 사구체신염의 발생이 보고된 바 있다. 저자들은 생쥐에서 항기저막 사구체신염(aGBMGN)을 발생시키고 인체 재조합 UG를 이용하여 신염의 발생에 UG가 미치는 영향을 확인하고 신염 억제기전을 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 토끼에서 생산한 Anti-GBM Ab 4.5 ㎎을 8주령의 생쥐(C57BL/6)에 정맥주사하여 aGBM-GN을 유발시킨 후, UG를 투여한 치료군, 질환대조군, 정상대조군에서 신염의 정도를 비교하였다. 또한 생쥐의 메산지움세포를 LPS로 자극한 후 UG에 의한 세포증식의 저해정도를 비교하였다. 결 과: 신염 유도 후 7일째 치료군은 정상대조군에 비해 요단백량/creatinine 값은 차이를 나타내지 않았지만, 질환대조군에 비해서는 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 이러한 UG의 효과는 사구 체신염이 유도된 14일째까지 유지되었으며, 21일째에는 치료군과 질환대조군에서의 요단백/creatinine 값이 정상대조군에 비해 감소하였다. 조직학적으로 신염이 유도된 7일째, 질환대조군에서는 메산지움세포의 증식과 사구체의 50% 이상에서 세포성 반월상이 관찰되었으나, 치료군은 정상대조군과 유사한 조직학적 소견을 보였다. 생쥐 메산지움세포를 LPS로 자극한 후 UG를 투여 하였을 경우 LPS에 의한 세포 증식효과는 유의한 감소를 보였다. 결 론: 실험적으로 유도된 항기저막 사구체신염에 인체 재조합 UG를 투여함으로써 항기저막 사구체신염의 발생을 억제하였으며, 그 기전으로 메산지움세포 활성화 억제 가능성을 제시하였다. 이러한 결과는 신질환 진행 고위험군 집단의 유전자치료에도 이용될 수 있는 근거를 제시하였다고 할 수 있다. Glomerulonephritis(GN) is characterized by cognate immune responses against self or non-self antigen. It is suggested that the crescentic GN is a manifestation of cell-mediated immune response akin to delayed type hypersensitivity. Uteroglobin(UG) is a steroid-dependent, immunomodulatory, and cytokine-like protein. It was reported that UG prevented fibronectin(Fn) deposition in the glomeruli of normal mice to form Fn-UG heterodimers that competed with Fn self-aggregation. We hypothesized that UG would prevent the development of experimental GN induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane globulin(anti-GBM Ab) in mice through immunomodulatory properties. GN was induced by intravenous injection of 4.5㎎ rabbit anti-GBM Ab to mice(C57BL/6). Renal injury was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days thereafter. UG-treated mice(n=10) were received for 3 days(0.5 ㎎/mouse/day) beginning 1 hour after anti-GBM Ab injection. Also, disease-control mice(n=10) were received PBS for 3 days after anti-GBM Ab. Proteinuria was significantly reduced in the mice treated with UG when compared with the disease-control mice after 7 and 14 days of anti-GBM Ab injection. The amount of proteinuria was similar between UG treated and normal control mice. The mesangial matrix expansion and cellular crescent were markedly attenuated by the injection of UG. The proliferative responses of mesangial cells(C57BL/6) to LPS were blunted with the addition of UG in dose-dependent manner. In this study, we revealed the preventive effects of UG in the experimental model of glomerulonephritis. This result in turn could provide the basis for the treatment of human disease such as chronic glomerulonephritis.

성인의 원발성 초점성 분절성 사구체 경화증 ( FSGS ) 의 예후 및 예후 인자

김연수(Yon Su Kim),안규리(Cu Rie Ahn),한진석(Jin Suk Han),김성권(Shung Gwon Kim),이정상(Jung Sang Lee),김성균(Seong Gyun Kim),김현리(Hyun Lee Kim),황영환(Young Hwan Hwang),이상구(Sang Goo Lee),이정은(Jung Eun Lee),오윤규(Yun Kyu Oh) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.4

배 경: 성인에서 FSGS는 그 발생율이 증가하고 지속적인 스테로이드 치료로 예후가 향상됨이 제시되면서 질병에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 우리나라 성인 FSGS의 임상상과 예후에 대한 보고는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 성인 FSGS의 임상상을 살펴보고 예후에 관계하는 임상 인자를 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1985년부터 1999년까지 서울대학교병원에서 조직검사로 확진된 성인 환자를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였고 이차적 원인이 있는 경우는 제외하였다. 조직검사 당시의 임상상을 분석하였고, 10주 이상 추적 관찰된 환자를 대상으로 신기능 악화여부를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 대상 환자는 총 92명이였으며, 이 중 47명(51%)이 신증후군(NS) 범주에 속하였다. 남녀비는 1.7 : 1이였으며 조직검사시 신기능 저하가 51%에서 관찰되었고 고혈압은 45%에서 나타났다. NS군과 신증후군 이하의 단백뇨군(non-NS)간에 고혈압유무, 신기능 저하 등의 초기 임상상의 차이는 없었다. 이들 중, 10주 이상 추적 관찰된 환자는 88명이였고, 관찰 기간은 37.1개월(2.5-185)이였다. 관찰 기간동안 14명에서 신기능이 악화되었다. 신기능 악화군과 유지군간에 조직 진단시 임상상의 차이는 없었으며, 신기능 악화 여부에 대한 독립적 예후 인자는 단백 뇨량의 정도와 조직 검사시의 신기능, 스테로이드 치료 여부였다. 전체적으로 5년 신기능 유지율은 80%로 나타났다. NS군에서 스테로이드 치료를 한 환자는 77%(34/44명)이였으며 그 중 1명(3%)에서 신기능 악화소견을 보였다. NS군에서 스테로이드 치료를 하지 않은 10명 중 6명(60%)의 신기능이 악화되었다. 결 론 : 위의 결과에서 밝혀진 성인 FSGS 환자의 예후 인자에 대한 적극적인 조절이 필요하며 향후 스테로이드 치료법의 유용성을 확인하기 위한 전향적인 연구가 필요하다. N/A

The impact of high-flux dialysis on mortality rates in incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients

( Hyung Wook Kim ),( Su Hyun Kim ),( Young Ok Kim ),( Dong Chan Jin ),( Ho Chul Song ),( Euy Jin Choi ),( Yong Lim Kim ),( Yon Su Kim ),( Shin Wook Kang ),( Nam Ho Kim ),( Chul Woo Yang ),( Yong Kyun 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.6

Background/Aims: The effect of high-flux (HF) dialysis on mortality rates could vary with the duration of dialysis. We evaluated the effects of HF dialysis on mortality rates in incident and prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Incident and prevalent HD patients were selected from the Clinical Research Center registry for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a Korean prospective observational cohort study. Incident HD patients were defined as newly diagnosed ESRD patients initiating HD. Prevalent HD patients were defined as patients who had been receiving HD for > 3 months. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Results: This study included 1,165 incident and 1,641 prevalent HD patients. Following a median 24 months of follow-up, the mortality rates of the HF and low- flux (LF) groups did not significantly differ in the incident patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.046; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.592 to 1.847; p = 0.878). In the prevalent patients, HF dialysis was associated with decreased mortality compared with LF dialysis (HR, 0.606; 95% CI, 0.416 to 0.885; p = 0.009). Conclusions: HF dialysis was associated with a decreased mortality rate in prevalent HD patients, but not in incident HD patients.