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Apoptosis induced in vivo by new type gosling viral enteritis virus
Shun Chen,Anchun Cheng,Mingshu Wang,Dekang Zhu,Renyong Jia,Qihui Luo,Hengmin Cui,Yi Zhou,Yin Wang,Zhiwen Xu,Zhengli Chen,Xiaoyue Chen,Xiaoyu Wang 대한수의학회 2011 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.12 No.4
In this study, apoptosis was induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in experimentally infected goslings is reported in detail for the first time. After 3-day-old goslings were orally inoculated with a NGVEV-CN strain suspension, the time course of NGVEV effects on apoptotic morphological changes of the internal tissues was evaluated. These changes were observed by histological analysis with light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was assessed with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA ladder analysis. A series of characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including chromatin condensation and margination, cytoplasmic shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted. Apoptosis was readily observed in the lymphoid and gastrointestinal organs, and sporadically occurred in other organs after 3 days post-infection (PI). The presence and quantity of TUNEL-positive cells increased with infection time until 9 days PI. DNA extracted from the NGVEV-infected gosling cells displayed characteristic 180~200 bp ladders. Apoptotic cells were ubiquitously distributed, especially among lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epithelial and intestinal cells. Necrosis was subsequently detected during the late NGVEV-infection phase, which was characterized by cell swelling, plasma membrane collapse, and rapidly lysis. Our results suggested that apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NGVE disease.
Gang Chen,Hua Wang,Jun-Yi Gai,Yue-Lin Zhu,Li-Fei Yang,Qian-Qian Liu,Gong-Chen Zhang,Guo-Hu Chen 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.2
The objectives of this paper were to construct a full-length cDNA library and to isolate genes that confer salt tolerance from the leaves of salinity-tolerant wild eggplant variety, ‘Torvum Vigor’ (Solanum torvum Swartz). A full-length cDNA library from the leaves was successfully constructed by a switching mechanism at 5’-end of RNA transcript (SMART) approach and a long-distance PCR (LD-PCR) technique. The titer of the primary cDNA library was 3.6 ×106 cfu・mL-1 and that of the amplified library was 1.2 × 1010 cfu・mL-1. Gel electrophoresis results showed that most of the cDNA inserts ranged from 0.40 to 2.5 kb, with a recombination rate of 99%. A total of 427 randomly selected positive clones were sequenced. After removing the unsuccessful reads, 364 datasets were obtained and have been submitted to the NCBI Nucleotide Sequence Database under GenBank accession numbers JK265131-JK265494. Among the 364 submitted sequences, 74.45% of them contained full-length coding regions. BLASTX analysis revealed that 62.36% of the ‘Torvum Vigor’ expressed sequence tags (ESTs) possessed homology to known or putative proteins of other organisms. Seven genes that might be responsible for the encoding of known proteins in other organisms were identified to confer salt tolerance. This evidence demonstrated that the cDNA library constructed was a full-length library of high quality. It could be a useful resource for further research in the cloning of stress-related genes, which could be utilized in the genetic improvement of vegetable crops using transgenic technology.
Opportunities and Challenges of HTTP Adaptive Streaming
Hongyun Yang,Xuhui Chen,Zongkai Yang,Xiaoliang Zhu,Yi Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.7 No.6
HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) has emerged as the prominent technology for the delivery of audiovisual content over the Internet in recent years and has a major impact on network traffic. Although traditional stateful session-based streaming solution based on UDP was used initially for media content delivery, researchers and practitioners soon realize that HAS technology, due to get through firewalls friendly ,transfer NAT easily ,effectively utilize the existing networking infrastructure and provide uninterrupted video streaming service to users with dynamic network conditions and heterogeneous devices, has the potential to improve the Quality of Experiments compared with traditional streaming technologies. Consequently, various HAS media streaming solutions have been proposed and deployed successfully. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of HAS technology and discoveries achieved by numerous researchers. We describe the basic taxonomy of HTTP adaptive streaming systems and summarize the major issues associated with HAS systems’ design. Then we outline the key challenges and open problems and highlight possible avenues for future directions.
The GntR-Type Regulators GtrA and GtrB Affect Cell Growth and Nodulation of Sinorhizobium meliloti
Yi Wang,Ai-Min Chen,Ai-Yuan Yu,Li Luo,Guan-Qiao Yu,Jia-Bi Zhu,Yan-Zhang Wang 한국미생물학회 2008 The journal of microbiology Vol.46 No.2
GntR-type transcriptional regulators are involved in the regulation of various biological processes in bacteria, but little is known about their functions in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Here, we identified two GntR-type transcriptional regulator genes, gtrA and gtrB, from S. meliloti strain 1021. Both the gtrA1 mutant and the gtrB1 mutant had lower growth rates and maximal cell yields on rich and minimal media, as well as lower cell motility on swimming plates, than did the wild-type strain. Both mutants were also symbiotically deficient. Alfalfa plants inoculated with wild-type strain 1021 formed pink elongated nodules on primary roots. In contrast, the plants inoculated with the gtrA1 and gtrB1 mutants formed relatively smaller, round, light pink nodules mainly on lateral roots. During the first 3~4 weeks post-inoculation, the plants inoculated with the gtrA1 and gtrB1 mutants were apparently stunted, with lower levels of nitrogenase activity, but there was a remarkable increase in the number of nodules compared to those inoculated with the wild-type strain. Moreover, the gtrA1 and gtrB1 mutants not only showed delayed nodulation, but also showed markedly reduced nodulation competition. These results demonstrated that both GtrA and GtrB affect cell growth and effective symbiosis of S. meliloti. Our work provides new insight into the functions of GntR-like transcriptional regulators.
Zhu Gui-long,Zhang Yi,Chen Kai-hua,Yu Jiang 기술경영경제학회 2017 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.25 No.1
The impact pattern of R&D intensity on firm performance is an interesting but not explicitlyuntangled topic in the emerging market. This study explores the topic in the context ofChina using a unique unbalanced panel data set for the China’s electronics manufacturingfirms. In order to strengthen the robustness of the statistical results, this study employs twocoherent models: pooled-OLS regression and pooled-quantile regression techniques. Thepooled-OLS regressions focusing on mean effects present the robust evidence of a positiverelationship between R&D intensity on firm performance, and the further pooled-quantileregressions portraying the relative importance of explanatory variables at different points ofthe performance distribution show that the R&D intensity exhibits a stronger impact on thebetter-performance firms. Our study presents some new evidence for the impact of R&Dintensity on firm performance in the emerging market.
Zhu, Lei,Tang, Jia-Yao,Fan, Jia-Yi,Sun, Chen,Meng, Ze-Da,Oh, Won-Chun Materials Research Society of Korea 2021 한국재료학회지 Vol.31 No.11
Herein, a series of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> modified Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> nanocomposites using Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> and melamine as original materials are fabricated via sintering process. For presynthesis of Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> an ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal technique is researched. The structure and composition of the nanocomposites are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The improved photoelectrochemical properties are studied by photocurrent density, EIS, and amperometric i-t curve analysis. It is found that the structure of Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> nanoparticles remains intact, with good dispersion status. The as-prepared g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> nanocomposites (BMC 5-9) are selected and investigated by SEM analysis, which inhibits special morphology consisting of Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> nanoparticles and some g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets. The introduction of small sized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets in sample BMC 9 is effective to improve the charge separation and transfer efficiency, resulting in enhancing of the photoelectric behavior of Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub>. The improved photoelectronic behavior of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> may be attributed to enhanced charge separation efficiency, photocurrent stability, and fast electron transport pathways for some energy applications.
Inflammatory Endotypes and Tissue Remodeling Features in Antrochoanal Polyps
Chen Cai-Ling,Wang Yu-Ting,Yao Yin,Pan Li,Guo Bei,Zhu Ke-Zhang,Ma Jin,Wang Nan,Li Xue-Li,Deng Yi-Ke,Liu Zheng 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.6
Purpose: The pathogenic mechanisms of antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize inflammatory patterns and tissue remodeling features in ACPs. Methods: Inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue edema severity as well as fibrin deposition in ACPs and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic nasal polyps (NPs) were studied with immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Cytokine levels in sinonasal tissues were detected with the Bio-Plex assay. The expression of coagulation and fibrinolytic markers was measured using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Compared to control tissues and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs, ACPs had higher levels of neutrophil infiltration and expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ. In total, 94.4% of ACPs demonstrated an eosinophil cationic protein/MPO ratio of < 1, compared to 79.0% of noneosinophilic and 26% of eosinophilic NPs. Principle component and multiple correspondence analyses revealed a neutrophilic and type 1 inflammation pattern in ACPs. Compared to control tissues, edema scores and fibrin deposition were increased, whereas d-dimer and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels were decreased in ACPs and bilateral NPs, with more prominent changes in ACPs even than in eosinophilic NPs. The tPA levels were negatively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-8, and MPO levels in ACPs. Neutrophils were the major cellular source of IFN-γ in ACPs, and the number of IFN-γ+ neutrophils was elevated in ACPs than in control tissues and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs. Conclusions: ACPs are characterized by the neutrophilic and type 1 inflammation endotype. Neutrophil-derived IFN-γ is associated with reduced tPA production in ACPs.
Zhu, Zhili,Cai, Xiaolin,Yi, Seho,Chen, Jinglei,Dai, Yawei,Niu, Chunyao,Guo, Zhengxiao,Xie, Maohai,Liu, Feng,Cho, Jun-Hyung,Jia, Yu,Zhang, Zhenyu American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review Letters Vol.119 No.10
<P>Contemporary science is witnessing a rapid expansion of the two-dimensional (2D) materials family, each member possessing intriguing emergent properties of fundamental and practical importance. Using the particle-swarm optimization method in combination with first-principles density functional theory calculations, here we predict a new category of 2D monolayers named tellurene, composed of the metalloid element Te, with stable 1T-MoS2-like (alpha-Te), and metastable tetragonal (beta-Te) and 2H-MoS2-like (gamma-Te) structures. The underlying formation mechanism is inherently rooted in the multivalent nature of Te, with the central-layer Te behaving more metal-like (e.g., Mo), and the two outer layers more semiconductorlike (e.g., S). We also show that the alpha-Te phase can be spontaneously obtained from the magic thicknesses divisible by three layers truncated along the [ 001] direction of the trigonal structure of bulk Te, and both the alpha- and alpha-Te phases possess electron and hole mobilities much higher than MoS2. Furthermore, we present preliminary but convincing experimental evidence for the layering behavior of Te on HOPG substrates, and predict the importance of multivalency in the layering behavior of Se. These findings effectively extend the realm of 2D materials to group-VI elements.</P>
Chen Ran-Ran,Ren Qi-Fang,Liu Yu-Xin,Ding Yi,Zhu Hai-Tao,Xiong Chun-Yu,Jin Zhen,오원춘 한국세라믹학회 2021 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.58 No.5
Herein, a novel visible-light-responsive g-C 3 N 4 /diatomite/MnO 2 composite was successfully fabricated through a simple redox reaction method. The structure and morphology of the sample are mainly characterized by X-ray diff raction (XRD), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmis- sion electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). In this paper, the photo-catalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by degradation RhB under visible-light irradiation. The results shown that, compared with g-C 3 N 4 /diatomite composite, MnO 2 , g-C 3 N 4 , diatomite, the prepared g-C 3 N 4 /diatomite/2.5%MnO 2 composite exhibits bet- ter photo-catalytic activity and stability. At the same time, the eff ect of diff erent MnO 2 additions on the photo-catalytic activity of the composite material was further analyzed. The results indicated that the g-C 3 N 4 /MnO 2 /diatomite composites exhibit highest photo-catalytic activity when the adding amount of MnO 2 reached 2.5%. The degradation rate of the g-C 3 N 4 / diatomite/2.5%MnO 2 is 93% after recycling for three times, showing good stability and reusability. Moreover, the mechanism of catalytic performance enhancement also has been discussed.