인체 대장암 및 자궁경부암에서 PCR-SSCP법을 이용한 Ki-ras 암유전자의 점돌연변이에 관한 연구

박영홍,백낙환,김현찬,김상효,홍관희,김기태,이기영 인제대학교 1994 仁濟醫學 Vol.15 No.2

인체 대장암 20례와 자궁경부암 10례의 암조직을 대상으로 c-Ki-ras 유전자 codon 12와 13에서의 점돌연변이를 알아보고자 polymerase chain reaction(PCR)과 single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) 검사법을 시행하였다. 대장암의 경우 20례중 9례(45%)에서, 자궁경부암의 경우 10례중 1례(10%)에서 양성으로 나왔다. 대장암에서는 codon 12에서 GGT가 TGT로의 치환이 4례로서 가장 많았으며, AGT, CGT로의 치환이 각 1례였고 codon 13에서는 GGC가 GAC로의 치환이 2례, TGC로의 치환이 1례인 것으로 나타났다. 자궁경부암의 경우 codon 12에서 GGT가 AGT로의 치환이 1례인 것으로 나타났다. In an attempt to clarify the role of genetic alteration in the genesis of human colorectal and cervical cancers, tissue specimens from 20 patients with colorectal cancer and 10 patients with cervical cancer were examined for the presence of point mutation in K-ras2 exon 1 by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR product. Exon I of c-Ki-ras2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and comparison was made between the normal and mutated genes by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) of PCR product and nucleotide sequence analysis using asymmetric PCR with direct sequencing. Genomic DNA from white blood cells were used as normal control and those from A427 cell line were used as mutated control. 1.PCR product from A427 cell line showed a distinct migration shift pattern compared to the normal control in PAGE and the direct sequencing indicated that nucleotide sequence of codon 12 was mutated from GGT to GAT. In addition, there was a loss of normal allele in A427 cell line. 2.PCR product from 9 cases(45%) out of a 20 colon cancer patients showed migration shifts in PAGE, and all of these 9 patients invariably demonstrated mutation of ras gene, either in codon 12(6 cases:30%) or 13(3 cases:15%). The base substitutions in codon 12 were: from GGT to AGT(1), CGT(1), or TGT(4). Base changes in codon 13 were from GGC to TGC(1) or GAC(2). 3.PCR product from 1 cases(10%) out of a 10 cervical cancer patients showed migration shrifts in PAGE, Invariably demonstrated mutation of ras gene in codon 12. The base substitutions was from GGT to AGT(1) TQE incidence of point mutation of c-Ki-ras in colon cancer was high, however, it was low in cervical cancer, which showed the relation of ruts gene mutation with colon cancer. PCR -SSCP analysis is a simple, rapid and efficient method of detection of point mutation, especially when dealing with multiple samples.

The impact of pathologic differentiation (well/ poorly) and the degree of Ki-67 index in patients with metastatic WHO grade 3 GEP-NECs.

Kim, Seung Tae,Lee, Su Jin,Lee, Jeeyun,Park, Joon Oh,Park, Young Suk,Lim, Ho Yeong,Kang, Won Ki Grune & Stratton 2017 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.35 No._suppl15

<P> e15686 </P><P> Background: Herein, we investigated the impact of pathologic differentiation (well or poorly differentiated) in metastatic grade 3 GEP-NEC patients receiving etoposide and platinum-based therapy. Simultaneously, we evaluated a more exact Ki67 index cut-off point to select patients with grade 3 GEP-NEC who might benefit from etoposide plus platinum (EP)-based therapy. Methods: Among patients pathologically diagnosed with metastatic grade 3 GEP-NECs at Samsung Medical Center between June 2013 and March 2016, 31 GEP-NEC patients receiving etoposide and platinum-based therapy were included in this study. Results: Primary sites included 13 foregut-derived GEP-NECs [stomach (n = 4), duodenum (n = 4), and pancreas (n = 5)] and 2 hindgut-derived GEP-NECs of the rectum. Sixteen unclassified GEP-NECs originated from 7 gall-bladder (GB), 6 liver and 3 unknown primary sites. According to pathologic differentiation, 14 patients had well differentiated and 17 had poorly differentiated grade 3 GEP-NECs. Between well differentiated and poorly differentiated grade 3 GEP-NECs, there was a significant difference in the distribution of Ki67 index. There was no significant difference of treatment efficacy between well and poorly differentiated grade 3 GEP-NECs (RR; 35.7% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.525). Tumor response to EP occurred in 5 of 7 patients with Ki67 > 60% and 7 of 24 with Ki67≤60%, which was significantly different (RR; 71.4% vs. 29.2%, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in PFS according to pathologic differentiation (well differentiated vs. poorly differentiated) and Ki67 index ( > 60% vs ≤60%). Conclusions: Grade 3 GEP-NECs could be morphologically classified into well and poorly differentiated NETs. Additionally, among grade 3 GEP-NECs, there was a significant difference in ranges of Ki67 index between well and poorly differentiated NECs. Higher levels ( > 60%) of Ki67 index might be a predictive marker for efficacy of EP as a standard regimen in grade 3 GEP-NECs. </P>

Hypoxia Enhances Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Upregulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Endothelial Cells

Ki?Jong Rhee,Sun-Yeong Gwon,and Seunghyung Lee 대한의생명과학회 2013 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.19 No.3

Hypoxia is an integral part of the environment during luteolysis. In this study we examined whether hypoxia could directly stimulate endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide (NO). Endothelial cells were cultured in hypoxic (5% O₂) or normoxic (20% O₂) conditions and the levels of total NO, inducible NO and endothelial NO was measured. We found that hypoxia but not normoxia upregulated NO production. The increased NO levels correlated with increased inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression whereas expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression remained constant. Addition of the iNOS specific inhibitor 1400W to hypoxic cultures prevented NO production suggesting that hypoxia?induced NO production in endothelial cells was due mainly to upregulation of iNOS. We also found that prostaglandin F2α (PGF) production was unaffected by hypoxia suggesting that upregulation of NO was not due to increased synthesis of PGF. In summary, we report that endothelial cells cultured under hypoxic conditions produce NO via the iNOS pathway. This study provides the importance of the relation between the hypoxic environment and the induction of NO by endothelial cells during regression of the corpus luteum in the ovary.

John Dewey와 崔漢綺의 經驗槪念의 比較 硏究

鄭基泳 東亞大學校 1984 東亞論叢 Vol.21 No.1

1. In spite of the difference in their geographical conditions, there is a similarity between J.Dewey and Hyekang Choi Han-ki in that they established the empiricism and the pragmatism. Above all, the empirical systems of their philosophy are quite similar in many aspects. But when we analyze their similarity minutely, we can find there are also peculiarities of their own. 2. Dewey's conception of experience is the same as action and nature, it is not only a method of congnition, but also a positive conception which develops itself on time and space infinitely. It is a guide and at the same time a useful instrument insolving the complicated problems. And it is subject of cognition and at the same time the object, the purpose and at the same time the means, the origin and at the same time the effect. Passing through past, present and future on time infinitely and taking all the sphere of universe as its object, experience develops itself unlimitedly. And Dewey is greatly influenced by Hegel's dialectic system. 3. Hyekang criticized the traditional Sungrihak(性里學) of Chosen Dynasty and developed original empiricism of his own. The univrese is covered with Sinchi(神氣), which is the base of experience. So all beings can communicate with each other by Sinchi which is the unifying principle of the universe. But the empirical recognition obtained by the communication of Chi(氣) is not certain that attestation through Conjecture(推測) is necessary. Through this process, it can be reached to Chein(體認) and Shift(變通) which are the full-recognition stages. Thus after full recognition of the reason of the universe, it is possible to apply the theory to reality. So it can safely be said that his empiricism is a system of dialectic development. The empirical system of Dewey and Hyekang is identical in their pragmatism; actualism; behaviorism and dialectic system. But in constrast to the experience of Dewey which is open, creative, informal and praticipant, that of Hyekang is passive, fiexed formal and definite. In conclusion, while the experience of Dewey is the logic of adaptation in reality, the experience of hyekang is that of reaction, which is the cause of his success and failure at the same time.

알루미늄 합금과 고장력 강판 접합을 위한 헬리컬 SPR의 단조공정 설계

김원영, 김동범, 김기호, 김도훈, 이인환, 조해용 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2013 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.2

A self-piercing rivet(SPR) is a mechanical component for joining dissimilar materials. It is used for joining dissimilar material sheets such as aluminum alloy and steel. The self-piercing rivet directly pierces into sheets without drilling sheets beforehand unlike conventional rivets. However, the self-piercing rivet occurs buckling when piercing high strength steel. Therefore, a helical SPR which can pierce high strength steel sheet was designed. In this study, forging process was designed for manufacturing the helical SPR and simulated by using commercial FEM code DEFORM-3D. In the simulation of forging process for manufacturing rivet, process sequence, formability, forging load were investigated. The suitable forging process could be designed by comparisons of simulated results. Experimental trials have been carried out for same conditions as simulated ones. The simulated results agreed with the experimental ones. So, the analytic approach in this thesis is useful to save cost and time in the forging industry

Soccer에 있어서 敏捷性 Training에 關한 一硏究

金永煥,金基學 慶北大學校 師範大學 1973 敎育硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

For the soccer, physical energy is the essential foundation in utilizing the skills and tactics in the field, the more efficient the physical ability is, the better the training in the skills and tactics is in quality as well as quantity. To develop the ability to get the higher scores at the goalshooting, it is necessary for the team to be given the Speed Training such as runing faster than the opponents, the better and quicker control and seizing of the ball. To achive thus goals We should train the team as the following, (1) Motors of the track and field Charateristics. (2) Motors of gymnastics Charateristics. (3) Motors using the ball. (4) Motors with the Characteristics of the game.

敎育放送 活用에 대한 實態分析

張榮浩,洪奇七 대구교육대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

敎育革新을 위한 敎育工學的 接近의 한 方法으로 活潑히 活用되고 있는 것이 敎育放送이다. 우리나라에서는 1981년 2월 라디오 및 TV 敎育專用放送局이 開局됨으로써 本格的인 敎育放送을 實施하게 되었다. 本 硏究는 敎育放送이 本格化된지 5년이 지난 現在 各學敎의 敎育放送 活用實態를 調査하여 問題點을 밝히고 그 改善方案을 摸索하려는데 그 目的이 있다. 硏究方法은 大邱·慶北地域 國民學校中 350個敎에 勤務하는 敎師 各1名씩 350名을 對象으로한 設問調査이다. 調査結果에 대한 資料處理는 項目別로 百分比를 算出하여 分析하였다. 1) 敎育放送 受信實態 (1) 敎師家庭에서의 受信實態 ① 視聽器材 保育現況은 라디오 96.6%, TV 86.9%, VTR 10.3%로 나타났다. ② 受信狀態는 라디오 18%, TV 24.4%가 불량한 것으로 나타났는데 그 原因의 80.3%(라디오), 58.1%(TV)가 難視聽地域이기 대문인 것으로 밝혀졌다. ③ 敎師對象 프로그램을 年間 10回 以上 視聽한 敎師가 라디오 0.6%, TV 7.4%로 나타났다. (3) 學校에서의 受信狀態 ① 視聽器材 保有現況은 라디오가 98.6%, TV가 75.4%, VTR이 47.4%로 나타났다. 이것을 學級規模에 따른 施設基準에 비추어 보면 基準 以上 保有學敎가 라디오 70.3%, TV 39.1%로 나타난다. ② 受信狀態는 라디오 29.6%, TV 39.1%가 不良한 것으로 나타났는데 그 原因의 74.5%(라디오), 66.0%(TV)가 難視聽地域이기 때문인 것으로 밝혀졌다. ③ 全敎室에 電氣配線이 되어 있는 學校가 60.6%로 나타났다. ④ CCTV 體系로 되어 있는 學校가 14.9%로 나타났다. ⑤ 敎師가 器材操作을 能熟하게 할 수 있는 경우는 라디오 54.0%, TV 57.4%, VTR 12.9%로 나타났다. 2) 敎育放送 活用實態 ① 敎育放送 視聽을 위한 學校 全體의 學期別 計劃이 되어 있는 學校가 라디오 15.7%, TV 14.0%로 나타났다. ② 敎育放送을 敎室授業에 年間 10회 以上 活用한 敎師는 라디오 8.9%, TV 6.0%로 나타났다. ③ 敎育放送을 事前에 視聽하고 指導計劃을 세워 活用한 敎師는 라디오 28.2%, TV 31.0%로 나타났다. ④ 敎育放送 視聽 學習訓練案을 마련하여 意圖的으로 指導한 敎師가 10.3%인 것으로 나타났다. ⑤ 平素에 兒童들이 家庭에서 敎育放送을 視聽하도록 권장하고 結果를 確認하는 敎師가 12.3%인 것으로 나타났다. ⑥ 敎育放送 活用에 대하여 敎師의 87.4%가 效果的일 것으로 期待하고 있다. ⑦ 敎育放送을 活用하게 된 動機는 「스스로 효과적이라고 판단해서」가 8.6%, 「학교의 지시에 의해서」가 40.3%로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the practic of educational radio and TV utilization in the elementary schools since the foundation of KBS Educational Broadcating Station in 1981. This study ysed questionnaire and the subjects were 350 teachers working at the elementary schools in Taegu·Kyungbuk region. The statistics applied to this data analysis were percentage. On the base of the results of this research, the following suggestons have been made. 1. Administrative supports should be strengthened for the expansion of the regions which can receive the educational broadcasting and the expansion of receiving sets dissemination in the schools. 2. The educational TV broadcasting schedule should be readjusted to school hour ot the audio and video cassettes of the educational radio and TV programs should be provided for the schoolteachers. 3. Empirical studies and advertisement activities on the effects of educational radio and TV utilization should be strengthened for improving schoolmasters and teachers' interest in the utilization of the educational broadcasting. 4. The handbook of the educational radio and TV programs should be more concretely described and given to the teachers who could not listen to the educational radio or watch the educational TV before teaching. 5. The educational radio and TV programs should be more properly made for every 40 minute lesson. 6. Administrative guidance should be strengthened to make school plans for the utilization of the educational radio and TV programs. 7. In every elementary school, teachers college and institute for insetvice teachers training, the training on operating instruments for educational broadcasting utilization should be given more to teachers.

등가 Half-bridge모델 공진형 고주파 인버터

배영호,이현우,홍성태,서기영,차영문,권순걸 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1992 硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.-

이 논문은 MOSFET로 구성된 등가 Half-bridge형 고주파공진형 인버어터에 대해 기술하고 있다. 시분할 방식에 의한 게이트회로를 구성하여 구동함으로써 출력단에는 두개의 인버어터에서 동작되는 순시위상이 합성되어 있어 나타나므로 부하단 출력주파수는 소자의 수위칭주파수에 대해 두배가 되고 수위칭 손실이 경감되어 소자의 평균전류가 증가한다. This paper proposes a high frequency resonant inverter consisting of equivalent half bridge model using MOSFET. In this paper time-sharing control method is applied. as a result the output frequency is two times as high as switching frequency of device and average current of device is increased because of decreasing switching loss.

소아와 성인의 HBV 관련 신병증에서 HBV pre-S/S DNA 돌연변이의 분석

박영홍,박기호,정우영 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the mutations of HBV pre-S/S gene in HBV-associated nephropathy patients and to compare the patterns of mutations between child and adult patient, which may suggest the relationship of HBV with these diseases. Method: Seventeen fresh frozen or paraffin-embedded renal tissue samples were obtained from child or adult patients with HBsAg-positive and nephropathy. HBV pre-S/S regions were amplified with PCR and subjected to direct sequencing. Mutations were analyzed at pre-S1, pre-S2 and S gene regions and the difference of pattern was evaluated between adult and child. Results: Seventeen PCR products were direct-sequenced, of which twelve(70.6%) had the mutations at pre-S1 region. Point mutations were detected from all of 12 cases(100.0%) and resulted in amino acid substitutions as Q8OP(CAG->CCG) and L112I(CTA→ATA). Deletion mutations were detected in 2 patients(16.7%) of which one had 27 bp(3149-3175) deletion and the other 2 deletions including l5 bp(2847-2861) and 60 bp(3143-3202) deletions. The mutations at pre-S2 region were detected in 11 cases(64.7%) of which 10(90.9%) had point mutations. Amino acid substitution of T37I due to the point mutation from ACT to ATT was found in 4 cases. Deletion mutations were detected in 3 cases(27.3%) of which one had 66 bp(3203-3213,1-55) deletion which was continuous with the pre-S1 deletion. The other two had 48 bp(nt8-55) and 60 bp(nt3208-3213, 1-54) deletions, respectively. The mutations at S gene were found from all of 17 cases and are exclusively the point mutations but not the deletion mutation. At 'a' determinant(aa124-147), three amino acid substitutions including Ⅰ126N, T131A and G145R were detected. Most of mutations with high frequency and/or amino acid substitution were detected from children, including at Q8OP at pre-S1, T37l at pre-S2 and T131A at S gene. Conclusion: We could find the various mutations including point mutations and deletion mutations at HBV pre-S/S gene in kidney tissue from patients with HBV-associated nephropathy. The comparison of the mutation between the child and adult patients showed the significant difference of mutation pattern.

청주지역 새마을유아원의 유아교육Program분석

윤기영 淸州師範大學 새마을硏究所 1984 새마을 硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study is to get the foundational data for developing more effective Early Childhood Education program of Saemaul Nursery School. To serve this purpose, analysis was conducted about the program sturcture, type of the teacher-child-material in- teraction, tecaher's role, and children's activity at the 3 S.N.S (Saemaul Nursery School) selected as sample and located in Cheong-Ju. The major findings are follows; 1. All S. N.S have highly structured program centered on the whole group activity initiated by the teacher(74.5%). 2. In frequency of interaction type, teacher-child in- teraction type was shown as the top (66.9%). And child-material interaction type(10.2%) was found to be much lower than that of Seoul (24.7%) 3. Some childen (30%) of all S.N.S was non-active about the activity initiated their teacher. 4. All teacher have performed simple role as Direction & Explain (76.8%), and they have concerned with large group (83.2%). As conclusion, First, as all S.N.S program was highly structured, they have same problems-teacher's orole, children's activity, and material-which was related it. Second, there was no meaningful difference in 3 S.N.S's program. So they should have more effort and materials. For the more, they have to try developing the effective S.N.S Early Childhood Education program for their aims and characters.