Lithographically-featured photonic microparticles of colloidal assemblies

Lee, Su Yeon,Kim, Shin-Hyun,Heo, Chul-Joon,Hwang, Hyerim,Yang, Seung-Man Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol.12 No.38

<P>We have described a new and promising strategy for the fabrication of composite and porous photonic crystal microparticles that combines the self-assembly of colloidal particles with photolithography techniques. We fabricated silica/SU-8 composite microparticles with photonic bandgaps <I>via</I> four steps: (1) deposition of the silica colloidal crystals on the photoresist, (2) embedding of the colloidal crystals in the photoresist, (3) UV exposure through a photomask and subsequent development, and (4) release of the microparticles from the substrate. Embedding was performed above the glass transition temperature (<I>T</I><SUB>g</SUB>) of uncrosslinked SU-8. At such temperatures, capillary forces on the silica particles facilitate the migration of colloidal crystals in the SU-8 matrix. Particle migration ceased when the top colloidal crystal layer was trapped at the interface between air and SU-8. In addition, we also prepared porous microparticles with an inverse opaline structure by dissolving the embedded silica particles from the composite structures. The porous microparticles showed enhanced reflectivity at the bandgap position due to the large refractive index contrast. The bandgap position of the microparticles was controlled by the size of the silica particles, which determined the lattice constant. Bilayered composite and porous microparticles with two distinct photonic bandgaps were also prepared by sequential deposition of colloidal crystals composed of two differently sized silica particles.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new and promising fabrication strategy of photonic crystal microparticles was demonstrated by combining colloidal self-assembly with photolithography. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cp00134a'> </P>

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

효율적인 제약만족문제 처리를 위한 유사최소신장 2-트리의 도입 및 적용

李基哲,姜水蓮 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

A constraint satisfaction network is a knowledge representation method suitable for representing problems which must satisfy many constraints between variables. Backtracking is basically used to solve a constraint satisfaction problem with finite domains, and many intelligent backtracking schemes have been developed up to now. This paper is about backtracking performance improvement for solving constraint satisfaction problems. First of all, the concept of complete minimum spanning 2-tree is introduced, and its practical version quasi minimum spanning 2-tree is defined and applied to 8-queens problem. In addition, dynamic variable ordering is further applied. The test results show substantial reduction of backtrackings. 2-tree based approach may be applied to more realistic problems in the near furture.

한국 전통 폐백음식의 이용실태와 필요성에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 대구지역을 중심으로

이연정,이수영,한재숙 동아시아식생활학회 2003 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.13 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of use and necessity of Korean traditional Pyebaeck foods using questionnaire. The subjects of this study consisted of 621 housewives in Daegu area. The results were summarized as follows: The most often used foods of Pyebaeck refreshments included alcoholic drinks(80.0%), Bamgoim(73.8%), Daechugoim(73.4%). The refreshments were most often purchased from caterers(39.6%), and mainly used for marriages of their brothers and sisters(33.3%). The standard number of foods prepared was 7 to 10(42.2%). The most used container for Pyebaeck refreshments is bamboo basket(30.6%). 62.0% of the respondents needed Pyebaeck refreshments and the reason for refreshment preparation was mainly 'because it is a Korean tradition'(82.3%) and the reason why most respondents do not think the Pyebaeck refreshments are necessary was 'it's troublesome and complicated'(41.1%). The refreshments most frequently included were alcoholic drinks(63.7%) and Daechugoim(47.0%). Most of the respondents(84.9%) said that the Pyebaeck refreshments should be improved and 48.0% said the improvement method should consider the traditional tastes, flavors and arrangements fit to modern sense. Although following the traditions of Pyebaeck refreshments itself is difficult, the concept of Pyebaeck refreshments can develop into a modern concept with new meaning if we improve and adjust it in a way fit to modern lifestyles.

Thermocycling이 Cobalt-Chromium 합금과 의치상 레진의 결합강도에 미치는 영향

이수연,방몽숙 전남대학교 치과대학 1999 전남치대논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of Co-Cr alloy to denture base resin. PMMA denture base resin such as heat-cured Vertex-RS??, self-cured Vertex-SC?? and 4-META denture base resin such as heat-cured Meta-Dent??, self-cured Meta-Fast?? was bonded to Co-Cr alloy. Samples were divided into 3 groups : no thermocycling group as control, thermocycling between 5℃ and 55℃ with 15 second dwell time as group 1, thermocycling with 1 minute dwell time as group 2. The shear bond strength was measured and the interface between metal and resin was observed by SEM. The results were as follows. 1. The shear bond strength decreased significantly according to thermocycling and dwell time(P<0.001). 2. The bond strength of Co-Cr alloy and 4-META denture base resin was significantly higher than that of Co-Cr alloy and PMMA denture base resin(P<0.001). 3. In SEM, there was no gap in control group, but there was much and large gap in group 1, 2. The longer dwell times, the lower bond strength. PMMA denture base resin had more gap than 4-META denture base resin in the interface. These results revealed that thermocycling decreased the bond strength between Co-Cr alloy and denture base resin and dwell time of thermocycling changed the effect of thermocycling. The results suggested that oral temperature change affect the bond strength of prosthesis.

집배 Mobile Containers(운반도구)의 생체역학적 부하 개선에 관한 연구

이창민,오연주,이준수 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2005 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

집배원 업무량 증가에 따른 업무환경 개선이 수반되지 못하고 있어, 근골격계 질환등 많은 문제점들이 제기되고 있다. 특히 집배실에서 이루어지는 집배 분류작업, 운반작업과 포장작업 등의 중량물 취급작업은 작업자들에게 요통과 같은 근골격계 질환을 야기 시킨다. 본 연구에서는 집배시 사용되는 운반도구(롤 파렛트, 대차, 운반함)에 대하여 인간공학적 분석프로그램(3DSSPP, NLE, OWAS, RULA, REBA)을 사용하여 발생되는 문제점들을 분석하였다. 롤 파렛트는 많은 우편물을 적재하기 위해 크기와 무게가 인간공학적 기준치를 벗어나 우편물을 싣고 내릴 경우와 밀고 당기는 작업시 신체적인 부하를 야기시킨다. 또한, 중량물 취급 시 작업자의 작업영역은 과도한 크기로 적정 작업영역을 벗어나게 함으로써 작업부하를 더욱 가중시키기 된다. 대차의 경우 역시 우편물을 싣고 내릴 때 수직의 적정 기준보다 현저히 낮은 위치로 반복적인 허리굽힘 자세가 요구되어 허리에 부하를 가중시키며생체역학적 기준을 초과하고 있다. 운반함의 경우, 운반함을 겹쳐쌓기 위한 들기작업, 바닥에서 이루어지는 우편물 운반작업과 우편물 분류작업 역시 요구되어지는 작업자세가 인간공학적 기준치를 초과하고 있다. 인간공학적 분석 프로그램을 통하여 분석한 결과, 롤 파렛트는 재원을 줄여주고 견고하고 가벼운 소재를 이용하여 재설계되어야 하며 밀고 당기는작업을 효율적으로 하기 위한 손잡이를 제공해야 한다. 대차는 높이 조절식 형태나 지게차형태의 대차를 사용하므로 과도한 허리굽힘 자세를 예방할 수 있으며 운반함의 경우 우편물 무게에 따른 높이 조절식 운반함으로 설계/재설계함으로 생체역학적 작업부하를 감소시킬 것이다.

방한 일본 관광객의 한국전통음식 메뉴품질 만족도에 관한 연구

이연정,서윤정,주현식,최수근 한국식생활문화학회 2005 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

This study was performed by questionnaire to investigate satisfaction for the menu quality of Korean traditional food of Japanese tourists. The subjects of this study consisted of 280 Japanese tourists using the Gyeongju and Busan hotel. The results were summarized as follows: 63.9% of the subjects responded that frequency of visiting was 1-2 times a year and 42.1% responded that motivation of visiting was for tour and understanding of korea. Companion with friend scored high as 40.4%, and intention of revisiting was high on 'normal'. On overall satisfaction on korean traditional foods, 'satisfy' scored high as 43.2%. 61.1% of the subjects responded that the taste was the most important factor of food. On frequency of eating, 'over 8 times' scored high as 27.9%, and on motivation of eating, 'with visiting Korea' scored high as 48.2%. On satisfaction for the menu quality of korean traditional food, the highest item was 'taste(3.82 point)' and 'nutrition(3.82 point)', and but 'Japanese mark on menu(2.47 point)', 'Japanese mark on ingredient(2.61 point)' scored low. Overall satisfaction for korean traditional food had an effect on intention of revisiting, and therefore, improving the quality of the traditional food and the strategy for the classification of desires are eamestly requested.

활동이론의 관점에서 바라본 박물관, 커뮤니케이션, 그리고 학습

박지연,이수민,이병준 한국문화교육학회 2011 문화예술교육연구 Vol.6 No.4

Museum is a medium which communicates with previous generation's experiential memories and present generation's cultural memories. Therefore, the communication is a core task in museum. Museum needs mediums like exhibition and education and we have to discuss how to structuralize these things. The museum communication could be explained through the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory(CHAT). The CHAT has been developed by several theorists like Vygotsky. Especially, the third generation's CHAT has been developing by Engeström. It is a worthy theoretical structure that can show museum as a messenger of communication in society and its communication problems. This study is based on the CHAT and analyzes museum in a social activity system and activity system in a museum from micro/macro-scopic view. Also, it produces practical models that connect museum with community art field and museum with schools. 박물관은 앞선 세대의 체험적 기억을 현 세대에게 문화적 기억의 형태로 커뮤니케이션하는 매개체이다. 따라서 박물관에서 소통(communication)이라는 개념은 핵심적인 과제일수 밖에 없다. 박물관은 그 자체로 전시와 교육과 같은 매체(medium)를 필요로 하며 이를 어떻게 구조화할 것인가의 문제가 박물관커뮤니케이션의 측면에서 논의될 필요가 있다. 이러한 거시적, 미시적 차원의 박물관커뮤니케이션의 과제는 비고츠키와 여러 이론가들의 연구성과를 정리하고 발전시킨 활동이론에 의해 잘 설명될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 특히 Y. Engeström에 의해 발전된 제3세대 활동이론은 사회속에서의 커뮤니케이션의 전달자로서의 박물관과 박물관내에서의 커뮤니케이션의 문제를 잘 드러낼 수 있는 이론체계라고 생각된다. 본 연구는 활동이론에 근거하여 거시적·미시적 관점에서 사회활동시스템 속에서의 박물관과 박물관 내에서의 활동시스템을 분석하고 이를 통해 박물관의 커뮤니케이션을 박물관 내부 활동시스템 간의 네트워크 실천, 박물관과 지역의 예술장(藝術場)이 연계된 네트워크 실천과 박물관과 학교가 연계된 네트워크 실천 모형을 구조화하여 제시하려 한다.

국내외 ‘영아’ 관련 연구물의 최근 동향 분석 : 2000년~2013년 발간 논문을 대상으로

이승연,권수현,권연정,김언경,나영이,유주연,최정아 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2015 교육과학연구 Vol.46 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine research trends in infant research published from 2000 to 2013, in order to understand overall aspects in research topics, methods, and subjects in infant research and to suggest directions for future infant research. A total of 2916 journal articles and theses/dissertations, both domestic and foreign, were selected for the analysis. The findings of this study were as follows: First, for the 14 year period, 737 domestic articles, 634 domestic theses/ dissertations, 1242 foreign articles, and 303 foreign dissertations on infant research were published, and there was a steady increase in the number of articles and theses/dissertations over the years. Second, in terms of research topics, different patterns were found between the domestic ones and the foreign ones; the topic of “education and teachers” in the domestic ones and “development” in the foreign ones occurred most frequently. Third, in terms of research methods, the domestic ones employed “survey” the most, and the foreign ones employed “experiment” the most among quantitative research methods; when analyzing the relation between methods and topics, the foreign ones showed clear matches between topics and research methods, while the domestic ones preferred “survey” regardless of the topics. Fourth, in terms of subjects/participants, “infants” were the most researched in both the domestic ones and the foreign ones, followed by “parent” and “teachers.” Among the infants, the domestic ones focused on 25~36-month olds the most, while the foreign ones focused most on 0~12-month olds. In addition, in all types of infant research, there were more single subject studies than multiple subject ones.

Outsole 경도에 따른 피로도 분석에 관한 연구

이창민,오연주,이준수,이경득 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2006 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

대형 할인업체간의 경쟁이 치열해지면서 계산원들의 업무가 복잡해졌다. 계산원의 업무 특성상 장시간 동안 한정된 장소에서 정적 기립자세를 유발하며 국소적 근육활동의 사용은 근육통과 피로누적 등 근골격계질환 발생 가능성을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위하여 근전도 측정을 통해 outsole의 경도에 따른 피로도를 비교분석하고자 하고자 한다. Outsole은 C형 경도계를 이용하여 경도(hardness)가 30~35인 경우를 Soft라 하고, 경도가 45~50을 Hard라 하였다. 계산원의 작업시간에 따른 변화를 알아보기 위해 작업시간은 0시간, 2시간, 4시간으로 구분하였고, 측정부위는 종아리(비복근, gastrocnemius), 허벅지(외측광근, vastus lateralis), 허리(척주기립근, erector spine)로 선정하였다. Outsole 경도에 따른 근전도 분석은 MF(Median Frequency), MPF(Mean Power Frequency), ZCR(Zero Crossing Rate) 3부류로 나누어 분석하였고 측정 부위별, outsole의 경도별 그리고 시간별 간의 통계적 유의성 분석을 실시하였다. MF, MPF, ZCR 분석 결과 세 측정 부위 중 종아리에서만 90% 유의 수준에서 유의성이 나타났으며 허벅지와 허리는 50%~80%정도의 유의 수준에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. Outsole의 경도별 분석은 Hard보다 Soft의 값이 현저히 낮게 나타났음을 알 수 있었고, 작업 시간간의 통계적 분석 결과는 20~30% 유의 수준에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이는 4시간 이내의 작업에서는 현 계산원들의 작업 시 허리 및 하지에 미치는 피로도 간의 차이가 크게 나타나지 않음을 알 수 있으며 허벅지와 허리보다 종아리에 있어서 피로도 감소 효과가 크게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 또한 45~50정도의 경도를 가진 outsole(hard)의 영향보다 30~35정도의 경도를 가지는 outsole(soft)이 피로감소에 따른 효과가 큼을 알 수 있다. 따라서 장시간 정적인 작업 자세에 있어서 단순 반복작업을 요하는 작업에서는 경도가 30~35정도의 soft type의 outsole 사용이 권장된다.