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The Effect of Mental Rotation on Surgical Pathological Diagnosis
Park, Heejung,Kim, Hyun-Soo,Cha, Yoon Jin,Choi, Junjeong,Minn, Yangki,Kim, Kyung Sik,Kim, Se Hoon Yonsei University College of Medicine 2018 Yonsei medical journal Vol.59 No.3
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Pathological diagnosis involves very delicate and complex consequent processing that is conducted by a pathologist. The recognition of false patterns might be an important cause of misdiagnosis in the field of surgical pathology. In this study, we evaluated the influence of visual and cognitive bias in surgical pathologic diagnosis, focusing on the influence of “mental rotation.”</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>We designed three sets of the same images of uterine cervix biopsied specimens (original, left to right mirror images, and 180-degree rotated images), and recruited 32 pathologists to diagnose the 3 set items individually.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>First, the items found to be adequate for analysis by classical test theory, Generalizability theory, and item response theory. The results showed statistically no differences in difficulty, discrimination indices, and response duration time between the image sets.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Mental rotation did not influence the pathologists' diagnosis in practice. Interestingly, outliers were more frequent in rotated image sets, suggesting that the mental rotation process may influence the pathological diagnoses of a few individual pathologists.</P>
( Soo-taek Uh ),( So My Koo ),( Yangki Kim ),( Kiup Kim ),( Sungwoo Park ),( An Soo Jang ),( Dojin Kim ),( Yong Hoon Kim ),( Choon-sik Park ) 대한내과학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.32 No.5
Background/Aims: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) lead to elevation of reac-tive oxygen species, which can activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family members containing the pyrin domain 3 (NLRP<sub>3</sub>)-inflammasome. In this study, we elucidated whether NLRP<sub>3</sub> -inflam-masome is activated by DEPs and whether antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine [NAC]) could inhibit such activation. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells and ex vivo lung tissues explants obtained from elas-tase-induced emphysema animal models were stimulated with cigarette smoking extract (CSE), DEPs, and lipopolysaccharide, and levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase-1 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family members containing the pyrin domain (NLRP<sub>3</sub>)-inflammasome were as-sessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: NAC and caspase-1 inhibitor suppressed CSE- and DEP-induced secretion of IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells. The expression levels of the NLRP3-inflammasome and caspase-1 were upregulated in RAW 264.7 cells by stimulation with CSE and DEPs and were inhibited by NAC. CSE and DEPs increased the secretion of IL-1β in lung tissues from both the normal and elastase-induced emphysema groups. The secretion of IL-1β by CSE and DEPs was increased in the elastin-induced em-physema group more than that in the normal group (CSE: 309 ± 19 pg/mL vs. 151 ± 13 pg/mL, respectively, p < 0.05; DEP: 350 ± 24 pg/mL vs. 281 ± 15 pg/mL, respective-ly, p < 0.05). NAC inhibited CSE- and DEP-induced IL-1β secretion in both the nor-mal and elastase-induced emphysema groups. NLRP<sub>3</sub>-inflammasome expression as determined by immunohistochemistry was increased by CSE and DEPs in both the normal and elastin-induced emphysema groups, and was suppressed by NAC. Conclusions: The NLRP<sub>3</sub>-inflammasome is activated by DEPs in ex vivo tissue explants from elastase-induced emphysema animal model, and this activation is inhibited by NAC.
면방전 AC PDP에서 콘트라스트 개선을 위한 구동 파형과 회로설계
안양기,윤동한,김태형 國立金烏工科大學校 産業技術開發硏究院 2002 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.18 No.-
This paper proposes a method to drive an AC plasma display panel(PDP) with a significantly improved contrast ratio. In the proposed method, during the first sub-field of one frame, all PDP cells are reset by the ramp waveform, and during the other sub-fields, only the cells turned on in the previous sub-field are reset. No light is emitted during the reset period of every sub-field except the first sub-field. For a 10-bit picture, the luminance of the dark level for the proposed method is 10 times lower than that for the conventional method, in which the ramp waveform for the reset is used in every sub-field. Accordingly, the contrast ratio for the proposed method is 10 times higher than that for the conventional method. For the 10-bit picture, the measured contrast ratio was about 3080:1 for the proposed method and about 185:1 for the conventional method, resulting in 10.8 times increase in the contrast ratio. This result shows that the proposed method can realize an image with high contrast ratio.
TGFBI Promoter Methylation is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
Seok, Yangki,Lee, Won Kee,Park, Jae Yong,Kim, Dong Sun Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.2
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has high rates of metastasis. Transforming growth factor beta-inducible protein (TGFBI) is an extracellular matrix component involved in tumour growth and metastasis. However, the exact role of TGFBI in NSCLC remains controversial. Gene silencing via DNA methylation of the promoter region is common in lung tumorigenesis and could thus be used for the development of molecular biomarkers. We analysed the methylation status of the TGFBI promoter in 138 NSCLC specimens via methylation-specific PCR and evaluated the correlation between TGFBI methylation and patient survival. TGFBI promoter methylation was detected in 25 (18.1%) of the tumours and was demonstrated to be associated with gene silencing. We observed no statistical correlation between TGFBI methylation and clinicopathological characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TGFBI methylation is significantly associated with poor survival outcomes in adenocarcinoma cases (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.19-6.99, P = 0.019), but not in squamous cell cases. Our findings suggest that methylation in the TGFBI promoter may be associated with pathogenesis of NSCLC and can be used as a predictive marker for lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Lee, Won Kee,Lee, Shin Yup,Choi, Jin Eun,Seok, Yangki,Lee, Eung Bae,Lee, Hyun Cheol,Kang, Hyo‐,Gyoung,Yoo, Seung Soo,Lee, Myung Hoon,Cho, Sukki,Jheon, Sanghoon,Kim, Young Chul,Oh, In Jae,Na, Koo John WileySons Australia, Ltd 2017 Thoracic cancer Vol.8 No.3
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>This multicenter study was performed to develop a prognosis‐prediction model incorporating genetic polymorphism with pathologic stage for surgically treated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A replication study including 720 patients and a panel of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which predicted the prognosis of surgically treated NSCLC in our previous study, was conducted. Using the combined cohort of current and previous studies including 1534 patients, a nomogram for predicting overall survival was made using Cox proportional hazards regression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Among the eight SNPs, C3 rs2287845, GNB2L1 (alias RACK1), and rs3756585 were significantly associated with overall survival. A nomogram was constructed based on pathologic stage and the genotypes of the two SNPs, and the risk score was calculated for each patient in the combined cohort. Using the prognosis‐prediction model, we categorized patients into low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups, which had greater accuracy in predictive ability (log‐rank statistics = 54.66) than the conventional tumor node metastasis staging (log‐rank statistics = 39.56). Next, we generated a prognosis‐prediction model for stage I to identify a subgroup of potential candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. Notably, 97 out of 499 stage IB patients were classified as high‐risk patients with a similar prognosis to stage II patients, suggesting the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>This prognosis‐prediction model incorporating genetic polymorphism with pathologic stage may lead to more precise prognostication in surgically resected NSCLC patients. In particular, this model may be useful in selecting a subgroup of stage IB patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.</P>
Cu(II)-Chitosan Complex의 DFP 분해 반응 연구
계영식,정우영,김동욱,박양기,송시욱,정근홍,Kye, Young-Sik,Chung, Woo Yong,Kim, Dongwook,Park, Yangki,Song, Siuk,Jeong, Keunhong 한국군사과학기술학회 2012 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.15 No.5
In this study, we have proposed a novel decomposition agent composed of Cu(II) and soluble chitosan for organophosphorus chemical agents. Compared to the autohydrolysis, the soluble Cu(II)-Chitosan complex hydrolyzed DFP more effectively. Results show that soluble Cu(II)-Chitosan complex enhances the hydrolysis of DFP in 4~6 folds compared to the autohydrolysis of DFP in buffer solution. This study provides the possibility of using this soluble Cu(II)-Chitosan complex as the environmental friendly decomposition agent which can substitute current DS-2 decomposition agent.