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Stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation by extract of combined medicinal plant
Xue Mei Li,Dae-Kyoung Choi,Seul Ki Lim,In Suk Ahn,Dong-Il Kim,Yong Jun Piao,Chang Deok Kim,Jeung-Hoon Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2014 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.15 No.4
Skin is the outermost organ and acts as a barrier between the organism and environment. Skin protects the organism from environmental insults, such as chemicals, pathogens, and UV light. Much of the protective function of skin is dependent on the epidermis, a multi-layered epithelium that is composed of various cell types such as keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes produce protective components through a sophisticated differentiation process. Disturbance of keratinocyte differentiation is related to several skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we prepared extract of combined medicinal plants (ECMP) consisting of Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlstedt, Heartleaf Houttuynia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, and root bark of Ulmus davidiana. We demonstrated that ECMP enhanced keratinocyte differentiation and barrier functionality using an in vitro cell culture system and in vivo animal test. Treatment of cultured keratinocytes with ECMP resulted in induction of keratinocyte differentiation, as evidenced by increased differentiation markers such as involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin. In line with these results, ECMP decreased proliferation of keratinocytes cultured in vitro. ECMP applied topically to tape-stripped mouse skins accelerated reduction of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), indicating fast recovery of barrier function. Immunohistochemistry showed that ECMP increased the filaggrin level in tape-stripped mouse skins. These results suggest that ECMP may be applicable for keratinocyte differentiation-related skin diseases.
A Comparative Study on Financing Structures of Korean and Chinese Major Airlines
( Kil Nam Hyun ),( Xue Mei Piao ),( Hee Young Hurr ) 한국항공경영학회 2006 한국항공경영학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-
This study mainly focuses on how Korean and Chinese airlines organize their own financing sources and how they act in the capital markets for financing. The development of the capital markets and government policies on the air transport industry have formed their current situation of financing structures. Government policies and market structures are explained along with the transportation performance of Korean and Chinese aviation industry. Four representative airlines are selected as samples in Korea and China to compare their financing structures. Main financial ratios are applied to compare their individual financial positions based on the financial statements. The comparison of financing structure is made from the aspects of leases, short-term and long-term debts and stockholders` equity that are directly related with the financing ability from the capital markets. Currently, the opening-up of the capital markets and the air transport industry is under way in China, which will undoubtedly provide Chinese airlines with various financing opportunities. Chinese airlines should grasp this opportunity in order to strengthen their capital structures for the furious competition.