Comparison of volatile organic compounds from uninfested and Monochamus alternatus Hope infested Pinus massoniana Lamb.

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.3

Monochamus alternatus is a destructive stem‐boring herbivore of Pinus massoniana, and the principal vector of pine wood nematode. To investigate the impacts of boring by M. alternatus larvae on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their host trees, the VOCs from uninfested and M. alternatus larvae infested P. massoniana trees were observed using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. We detected 12, 9, 18 and 14 volatile organic compounds from infested xylem, infested phloem, uninfested xylem and uninfested phloem, respectively. In P. massoniana xylem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced cyclosativene, and inhibited 4‐carene, humulene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene and γ‐terpinene. The relative amounts of camphene, copacamphene, longicyclene, longifolene, tricyclene and α‐longipinene were significantly increased, and the relative amounts of α‐pinene and β‐pinene were significantly decreased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. In P. massoniana phloem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced 2‐bornanone, copacamphene, longicyclene and α‐longipinene, and inhibited 2‐carene, 4‐carene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene and ο‐cymene. The relative amounts of camphene, caryophyllene and longifolene were significantly increased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. The results indicate that the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae changed both the sorts and contents of the VOCs from P. massoniana trees.

Identification of differentially expressed immunity‐related genes in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae parasitized by Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4

The pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest of several Pinus species, and the ectoparasitoid larvae of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important natural enemy of this pest. The transcriptome of M. alternatus larvae was sequenced using the Illumina platform and immunity‐related genes were specifically analyzed. De novo assembly resulted in the identification of 24 241 unigenes, with a mean length of 1122 bp, in unparasitized M. alternatus larvae and 23 807 unigenes, with a mean length of 1140 bp, for parasitized larvae. Removal of redundant unigenes resulted in 26 095 all‐unigenes, of which 16 959 (64.99%) showed clear homology with some of the known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nr database. Parasitization had notable effects on the transcriptome profile of M. alternatus larvae. In all, 2702 genes were differentially expressed in M. alternatus larvae after parasitization, with 1491 (55.18%) upregulated and 1211 (44.82%) downregulated. Moreover, expression levels of immunity‐related genes in M. alternatus larvae were markedly altered in response to parasitization by D. helophoroides. In conclusion, the transcriptome profiling data, especially the discovered of immunity‐related genes, help illustrate the molecular mechanisms of parasitism between D. helophoroides and M. alternatus and provide new insights into developing immunity regulation‐mediated control methods of M. alternatus.

Performance optimization of flexible a-Si:H solar cells with nanotextured plasmonic substrate by tuning the thickness of oxide spacer layer

Xiao, Huapeng,Wang, Jun,Huang, Hongtao,Lu, Linfeng,Lin, Qingfeng,Fan, Zhiyong,Chen, Xiaoyuan,Jeong, Chaehwan,Zhu, Xufei,Li, Dongdong Elsevier 2015 Nano energy Vol.11 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Plasmonic thin film solar cells deposited on periodically textured photonic crystal substrates have been extensively studied since the substantially enhanced light absorption. The reduction of parasitic absorption losses in the metal and spacer layers becomes one of the key issues to achieve high efficiency solar cells. Herein, plasmonic amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) flexible thin film solar cells with different thickness of oxide spacer layers are systematically investigated. An increase of the spacer layer thickness leads to an evolution in surface morphology of AZO and final devices. More intriguingly, the increase of spacer layer thickness reduces the absorption in Ag layer while induces more absorption in spacer layer. The highest light absorption in silicon layer is observed as applying 100nm spacer layer, which is further verified by electrical measurements. Our observations demonstrate a versatile and convenient route towards rational design of light harvesting nanostructure for high performance plasmonic solar cells based on a broad range of materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Amorphous silicon thin film solar cells are constructed on patterned substrates. </LI> <LI> The devices properties are studied as a function of spacer layer thickness. </LI> <LI> An increase of spacer layer thickness reduces the absorption loss of Ag layer. </LI> <LI> The device with 100nm spacer layer confines more incident light in silicon layer. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Patterns of Lymph Node Recurrence after Radical Surgery Impacting on Survival of Patients with pT1-3N0M0 Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Xiao-li Chen,,Tian-wu Chen,Zhi-jia Fang,Xiao-ming Zhang,Zhen-lin Li,Hang Li,Hong-jie Tang,Li Zhou,Dan Wang,Zishu Zhang 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate how patterns of lymph nodes recurrence after radical surgery impact on survival of patients with pT1-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. One hundred eighty consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent radical surgery, and the tumors were staged as pT1-3N0M0 by postoperative pathology. Lymph nodes recurrence was detected with computed tomography 3-120 months after the treatment. The patterns of lymph nodes recurrence including stations, fields and locations of recurrent lymph nodes, and impacts on patterns of survival were statistically analyzed. There was a decreasing trend of overall survival with increasing stations or fields of postoperative lymph nodes involved (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that stations or fields of lymph nodes recurrence, and abdominal or cervical lymph nodes involved were prognostic factors for survival(all P<0.05). Cox analyses revealed that the field was an independent factor (P<0.05, odds ratio=2.73). Lymph nodes involved occurred predominantly in cervix and upper mediastinum (P<0.05). In conclusion, patterns of lymph node recurrence especially the fields of lymph nodes involved are significant prognostic factors for survival of patients with pT1-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognoses for Multicentric Occurrence and Intrahepatic Metastasis in Synchronous Multinodular Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Li, Shi-Lai,Su, Ming,Peng, Tao,Xiao, Kai-Yin,Shang, Li-Ming,Xu, Bang-Hao,Su, Zhi-Xiong,Ye, Xin-Ping,Peng, Ning,Qin, Quan-Lin,Chen, De-Feng,Chen, Jie,Li, Le-Qun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the outcomes for patients are still poor. It is important to determine the original type of synchronous multinodular HCC for preoperative assessment and the choice of treatment therapy as well as for the prediction of prognosis after treatment. Aims: To analyze clinicopathologic characteristics and prognoses in patients with multicentric occurrence (MO) and intrahepatic metastasis (IM) of synchronous multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The study group comprised 42 multinodular HCC patients with a total of 112 nodules. The control group comprised 20 HCC patients with 16 single nodular HCC cases and 4 HCC cases with a portal vein tumor emboli. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region was sequenced, and the patients of the study group were categorized as MO or IM based on the sequence variations. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the important clinicopathologic characteristics in the two groups. Results: In the study group, 20 cases were categorized as MO, and 22 as IM, whereas all 20 cases in the control group were characterized as IM. Several factors significantly differed between the IM and MO patients, including hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), cumulative tumor size, tumor nodule location, cirrhosis, portal vein and/or microvascular tumor embolus and the histological grade of the primary nodule. Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that cirrhosis and portal vein and/or microvascular tumor thrombus were independent factors differentiating between IM and MO patients. The tumor-free survival time of the MO subjects was significantly longer than that of the IM subjects ($25.7{\pm}4.8$ months vs. $8.9{\pm}3.1$ months, p=0.017). Similarly, the overall survival time of the MO subjects was longer ($31.6{\pm}5.3$ months vs. $15.4{\pm}3.4$ months, p=0.024). The multivariate analysis further demonstrated that the original type (p=0.035) and Child-Pugh grade (p<0.001) were independent predictors of tumor-free survival time. Cirrhosis (p=0.011), original type (p=0.034) and Child-Pugh grade (p<0.001) were independent predictors of overall survival time. Conclusions: HBeAg, cumulative tumor size, tumor nodule location, cirrhosis, portal vein and/or microvascular tumor embolus and histological grade of the primary nodule are important factors for differentiating IM and MO. MO HCC patients might have a favorable outcome compared with IM patients.

Convenient and Robust Route to Photoswitchable Hierarchical Liquid Crystal Polymer Stripes via Flow-Enabled Self-Assembly

Li, Xiao,Li, Bo,He, Ming,Wang, Wei,Wang, Tianjie,Wang, Aurelia,Yu, Jiwoo,Wang, Zhonglin,Hong, Suck Won,Byun, Myunghwan,Lin, Shaoliang,Yu, Haifeng,Lin, Zhiqun American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.5

<P>Hierarchically arranged stripes of photoswitchable liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) containing azobenzene moieties were conveniently crafted via a flow-enabled self-assembly (FESA). Interestingly, by subjecting a drop of LCP solution to dry in a restricted geometry comprising two nearly parallel plates with a stationary upper plate and a movable lower plate that programmably traveled in a 'stop -and-move' manner during the FESA process, photoswitchable LCP stripes were yielded, displaying two modes of deposition, namely, periodic primary stripes of large dimensions and regularly spaced secondary stripes of small dimensions situated between adjacent, primary stripes (i.e., forming hierarchical LCP stripes). Notably, these hierarchical azobenzene moieties-containing stripes demonstrated sequential photoinduced reversible phase transition (i.e., photoswitching) due to the thickness difference between primary and secondary stripes. A UV light-induced expansion effect. was observed on the LCP stripes. Clearly, such rapid creation of hierarchical stripes by FESA represents a robust means of organizing polymers, nanoparticles, colloids, DNA, etc. into complex yet ordered patterns over a large area in a simple and controllable manner for potential use in surface relief grating, photoactuators, photoswitchable devices, antifake labels, etc.</P>

An Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase, SIZ1, Negatively Regulates Photomorphogenesis by Promoting COP1 Activity

Lin, Xiao-Li,Niu, De,Hu, Zi-Liang,Kim, Dae Heon,Jin, Yin Hua,Cai, Bin,Liu, Peng,Miura, Kenji,Yun, Dae-Jin,Kim, Woe-Yeon,Lin, Rongcheng,Jin, Jing Bo Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS genetics Vol.12 No.4

<P>COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, is a central negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. However, how COP1 activity is regulated by post-translational modifications remains largely unknown. Here we show that SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification enhances COP1 activity. Loss-of-function siz1 mutant seedlings exhibit a weak constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype. SIZ1 physically interacts with COP1 and mediates the sumoylation of COP1. A K193R substitution in COP1 blocks its SUMO modification and reduces COP1 activity in vitro and in planta. Consistently, COP1 activity is reduced in siz1 and the level of HY5, a COP1 target protein, is increased in siz1. Sumoylated COP1 may exhibits higher transubiquitination activity than does non-sumoylated COP1, but SIZ1-mediated SUMO modification does not affect COP1 dimerization, COP1-HY5 interaction, and nuclear accumulation of COP1. Interestingly, prolonged light exposure reduces the sumoylation level of COP1, and COP1 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of SIZ1. These regulatory mechanisms may maintain the homeostasis of COP1 activity, ensuing proper photomorphogenic development in changing light environment. Our genetic and biochemical studies identify a function for SIZ1 in photomorphogenesis and reveal a novel SUMO-regulated ubiquitin ligase, COP1, in plants.</P>

Proteomic Analysis of Erythritol-Producing Yarrowia lipolytica from Glycerol in Response to Osmotic Pressure(s)

( Li Bo Yang ),( Xiao Meng Dai ),( Zhi Yong Zheng ),( Li Zhu ),( Xiao Bei Zhan ),( Chi Chung Lin ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.7

Osmotic pressure is a critical factor for erythritol production with osmophilic yeast. Protein expression patterns of an erythritol-producing yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, were analyzed toidentify differentially-expressed proteins in response to osmotic pressure. In order to analyze intracellular protein levels quantitatively, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to separate and visualize the differential expression of the intracellular proteins extracted from Y. lipolytica cultured under low (3.17 osmol/kg) and high (4.21 osmol/kg) osmotic pressures. Proteomic analyses allowed identification of 54 differentially-expressed proteins among the proteins distributed in the range of pI 3-10 and 14.4-97.4 kDa molecular mass between the osmotic stress conditions. Remarkably, the main proteins were involved in the pathway of energy, metabolism, cell rescue, and stress response. The expression of such enzymes related to protein and nucleotide biosynthesis was inhibited drastically, reflecting the growth arrest of Y. lipolytica under hyperosmotic stress. The improvement of erythritol production under highosmotic stress was due to the significant induction of a range of crucial enzymes related to polyols biosynthesis, such as transketolase and triosephosphate isomerase, and the osmotic stress responsive proteins like pyridoxine-4-dehydrogenase and the AKRs family. The polyols biosynthesis was really related to an osmotic response and a protection mechanism against hyperosmotic stress in Y. lipolytica. Additionally, the high osmotic stress could also induce other cell stress responses as with heat shock and oxidation stress responses, and these responsive proteins, such as the HSPs family, catalase T, and superoxide dismutase, also had drastically increased expression levels under hyperosmotic pressure.

Adaptive Multiple MPC for a Wind Farm with DFIG

Xiao-ming LI,Xi ZHANG,Zhong-wei LIN,Yu-guang NIU,Ming-yang LI,Noel Vishal Nathan 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.5

For low investment and flexible control, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is becoming the dominant type that is been used in the wind farms (WFs) today. The report researches about the rotor-side controller of DFIG where all design is based on the single machine infinite bus (SMIB) model. The interactions between the different generators have not been considered in the SMIB model, and the desired performance cannot be obtained by using the controller based on this model. In this situation, an adaptive decentralized-coordinated multiple model predictive control (ADM-MPC) is proposed. First, the interaction measurement method is developed to obtain the interaction measurement model of DFIG, where the interactions between the different generators have been considered. Next, an adaptive multiple MPC based on the obtained interaction measurement method of DFIG is employed to control the rotor-side converter of DFIG. In order to cope with the stochastic disturbance of wind turbine, the augment state structure is employed to improve the tracking control performance. An artificial neural network (ANN) trained online is employed as a weighting controller to cope with the nonlinearities and large operating range of DFIG. A simple, generic renewable power system (RPS) is used to demonstrate contributions. The results of both dominant eigenvalue analysis and time response simulations are represented to illustrate contributions to system damping and transient stability that the DFIG based WF can make with the proposed ADM-MPC controller.

Theoretical Analysis and Optimization of Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer Optical-fiber Humidity-sensor Structures

Xiao Lei Yin,Ning Wang,Xiao Dan Yu,Yu Hao Li,Bo Zhang,Dai Lin Li 한국광학회 2021 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.5 No.6

The theoretical analysis and optimization of extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) opticalfiber humidity sensors are deeply investigated. For a typical dual-cavity structure composed of an optical fiber and a humidity-sensitive membrane (HSM), the changes in refractive index (RI) and initial length are discussed for polymer materials and porous oxide materials when relative humidity (RH) increases. The typical interference spectrum is simulated at different RH using MATLAB. The spectral change caused by changing HSM RI and initial length are simulated simutineously, showing different influences on humidity response. To deeply investigate the influence on RH sensitivity, the typical response sensitivity curves for different HSM lengths and air-cavity lengths are simulated. The results show that the HSM is the vital factor. Short HSM length can improve the sensitivity, but for HSM RI and length the influences on sensitivity are opposite, because of the opposite spectral-shift trend. Deep discussion and an optimization method are provided to solve this problem. According to analysis, an opaque HSM is helpful to improve sensitivity. Furthermore, if using an opaque HSM, a short air cavity and long HSM length can improve the sensor’s sensitivity These results provide deep understanding and some ideas for designing and optimizing highly sensitive EFPI fiber humidity sensors.