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Choi, Kyung Mook,Park, Hye Soon,Han, Jee Hye,Lee, Jee Sung,Lee, Juneyoung,Ryu, Ok Hyun,Lee, Kye Won,Cho, Kyung Hwan,Yoon, Dokyong,Baik, Sei Hyun,Choi, Dong Seop,Kim, Seon Mee Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2006 Journal of hypertension Vol.24 No.8
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, and their association with the risk factors in a Korean population. DESIGN: The Korean Nation Health and Nutrition Survey 2001, a cross-sectional survey, was a nationally representative survey in which a stratified multistage sampling design was used. METHODS: Data from a comprehensive questionnaire, together with a physical examination and blood sample, were obtained from 6074 Korean adults (2620 men and 3454 women) aged ≥ 20 years, and analysed. RESULTS: The estimated age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 22.9% (26.9% in men, 20.5% in women) and 31.6% (41.9% in men, 25.9% in women), respectively, in the Korean population according to Joint National Committee 7 criteria. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, total-cholesterol and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with hypertension. Overall, only 30.2% of the hypertensive individuals had been previously diagnosed. Furthermore, 22.9% of the hypertensive individuals were being treated with antihypertensive medication, but only 10.7% had their blood pressure adequately controlled. The rates of awareness, treatment and control were higher for the women than for the men, and these rates increased with age. CONCLUSION: Hypertension and prehypertension are common in Korea, and more than one-half of the hypertensive patients have not been diagnosed. These results place great emphasis on the urgent need for a public health program to improve the detection, prevention and treatment of hypertension and prehypertension.
( Won-mook Choi ),( Jonggi Choi ),( Danbi Lee ),( Ju Hyun Shim ),( Kang Mo Kim ),( Young-suk Lim ),( Han Chu Lee ),( Changhoon Yoo ),( Sook Ryun Park ),( Min-hee Ryu ),( Baek-yeol Ryoo ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Nivolumab showed durable response and safety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the previous trials. However, real-world data of nivolumab in HCC patients, especially those with Child-Pugh class B, is lacking. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in a real- world cohort of patients with advanced HCC. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 203 patients with HCC who were treated with nivolumab between July 2017 to February 2019. Radiologic evaluation was based on mRECIST. Survival outcomes were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model. Logistic regression model was used to identify the predictive factors of treatment response. Results: Of 203 patients, 132 patients were within Child-Pugh class A and 71 patients were within Child-Pugh class B. Objective response rate was lower in patients with Child-Pugh class B than A (2.8% vs. 15.9%; P=0.010 by unweighted analysis and P=0.034 by weighted analysis) and Child-Pugh class was an independent predictor for objective response (Odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval; 0.05-0.93; P=0.040). Median overall survival was shorter in Child-Pugh B patients (11.3 vs. 42.9 weeks; P<0.001 by both unweighted and weighted analyses). However, other efficacy outcomes including disease control rate, time to progression, and progression-free survival were comparable between Child-Pugh A and B patients by unadjusted, adjusted, matched, and weighted analyses. There was no significant difference in terms of safety between Child-Pugh A and B patients. Conclusions: Given the limited treatment options for advanced HCC in Child-Pugh B patients, nivolumab may be a viable option despite lower response in these patients. Further studies are needed in this patient population.
Pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and liver immunity
( Won-mook Choi ),( Won-il Jeong ) 대한간학회 2015 임상연구방법론워크숍 Vol.2015 No.1
Various types of chronic liver disease cause liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known as the key cell type by producing a large amount of extracellular matrix, profibrotic cytokines and chemokines. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that the liver is not only a metabolic organ but also an immunologic organ due to enrichment of diverse types of innate and adaptive immune cells. Moreover, the cell-to-cell interactions between HSCs and various types of immune cells are closely associated with the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Especially, the liver is known to play a key role in innate immune defenses against pathogens. Indeed, various innate immune cells such as Kupffer cells, macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, and dendritic cells play an important role in accelerating or ameliorating liver fibrosis directly or indirectly via interactions with HSCs. Moreover, unlike other organs, innate lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK), NKT, and γδ T cell are abundant in the liver comprising up to 50% of whole liver lymphocytes. Although still controversial in their roles (i.e. profibrotic vs. antifibrotic), these innate lymphocytes are also deeply involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Especially, NK cells seem to play a negative regulatory role in liver fibrosis via inhibiting or suppressing activated HSCs. In addition, increasing evidences have suggested that adaptive immune cells are no longer a ‘bystander’, but contribute considerably to liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the updated concept of pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and liver immunity.
Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.19
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The cover shows an image of fully rollable transparent nanogenerators synthesized using chemical vapor deposition grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO nanorod arrays. Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Young Choi, and co-workers report on p. 2187 the electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators, with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling. This study shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are very promising for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content'> </P>
Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes
Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Materials Vol.22 No.19
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Fully rollable transparent nanogenerators have been developed using chemical vapor deposition-grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO-nanorod arrays. The electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are suitable for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903815-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903815-content'> </P>
Experimental Applications of in situ Liver Perfusion Machinery for the Study of Liver Disease
Choi, Won-Mook,Eun, Hyuk Soo,Lee, Young-Sun,Kim, Sun Jun,Kim, Myung-Ho,Lee, Jun-Hee,Shim, Young-Ri,Kim, Hee-Hoon,Kim, Ye Eun,Yi, Hyon-Seung,Jeong, Won-Il Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.1
The liver is involved in a wide range of activities in vertebrates and some other animals, including metabolism, protein synthesis, detoxification, and the immune system. Until now, various methods have been devised to study liver diseases; however, each method has its own limitations. In situ liver perfusion machinery, originally developed in rats, has been successfully adapted to mice, enabling the study of liver diseases. Here we describe the protocol, which is a simple but widely applicable method for investigating the liver diseases. The liver is perfused in situ by cannulation of the portal vein and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), with antegrade closed circuit circulation completed by clamping the infrahepatic IVC. In situ liver perfusion can be utilized to evaluate immune cell migration and function, hemodynamics and related cellular reactions in each type of hepatic cells, and the metabolism of toxic or other compounds by changing the composition of the circulating media. In situ liver perfusion method maintains liver function and cell viability for up to 2 h. This study also describes an optional protocol using density-gradient centrifugation for the separation of different types of hepatic cells, allowing the determination of changes in each cell type. In summary, this method of in situ liver perfusion will be useful for studying liver diseases as a complement to other established methods.
Choi, Jung Won,Son, Sung Min,Mook-Jung, Inhee,Moon, Youn Joo,Lee, Ji Yeoun,Wang, Kyu-Chang,Kang, Hyun-Seung,Phi, Ji Hoon,Choi, Seung Ah,Chong, Sangjoon,Byun, Jayoung,Kim, Seung-Ki Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group 2018 Journal of neurosurgery Vol.129 No.5
<B>OBJECTIVE</B><P>Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the progressive occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), previously termed “endothelial progenitor cells,” play an important role in the pathogenesis of MMD. In this study, the authors performed morphological and functional studies of the mitochondria of ECFCs from patients with MMD to present new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.</P><B>METHODS</B><P>The morphology of ECFCs from 5 MMD patients and 5 healthy controls was examined under both a transmission electron microscope and a confocal laser scanning microscope. The oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs), intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> concentrations, mitochondrial enzyme activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. Functional activity of the ECFCs was evaluated using a capillary tube formation assay.</P><B>RESULTS</B><P>The ECFCs from the MMD patients displayed a disrupted mitochondrial morphology, including a shorter and more circular shape. The ECFC mitochondria from the MMD patients exhibited functional abnormalities, which were assessed as a decreased OCR and an increased intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration. Moreover, the ECFCs from MMD patients showed increased ROS levels. Interestingly, treatment with an ROS scavenger not only reversed the mitochondrial abnormalities but also restored the angiogenic activity of the ECFCs from the MMD patients.</P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B><P>The mitochondria of ECFCs from MMD patients, as compared with those from healthy patients, exhibited morphological and functional abnormalities. This finding suggests that the mitochondrial abnormalities may have a role in the pathogenesis of MMD.</P>