수평 내면 핀관내에서 R-22와 대체 냉매의 증발 열전달 비교

노건상,박기원,정재천,오후규 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.12 No.2

Worldwide energy consumption has been recently increasing enormously, especially in refrigeration and air conditioning industries. As a result of this increase, atmospheric hydrocarbon and other gas levels have increased so that they may be a source of world environmental problems. Therefore, new research was started to overcome the environmental problems, like the destruction of the ozone layer and the warming of Earth's temperature, by the use of natural refrigerants as substitutes for the freon refrigerant. In this paper, evaporation heat transfer of global heat pump using grooved inner tube was studied. New natural refrigerants R-290 and HCFC refrigerant R-22 were used. The local heat transfer coefficient was decreased according to the evaporation process. Moreover, the increment of heat transfer coefficient was found in R-290 refrigerant. Average heat transfer coefficient was obtained the higher value in R-290 refrigerant than R-22. Comparing the heat transfer coefficient between experimental result and simulation data of other's, the Shah's correlated equation was closely assimilated to the author's experimental results.

소음 특수건강진단 1차검사의 민감도와 특이도에 미치는 일과성 역치 상승과 주변환경 소음의 영향

원종욱,방문규,송중호,정선아,송재석,노재훈 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Object : This study was performed to increase the sensitivity and specificity for screening the examinee of second hearing test. Methods : Study subjects were 219 workers who exposed more than average 80dB. They were taken the hearing test two times, before noose exposure and at 1 hour to 4 hours after worksite noise exposure. To investigate the ambient noise workers who were taken the hearing test in the test room which ambient noise was less than 45dB were classified Group I and the others were classified Group II . To calculate the sensitivity and specificity we made it gold standard whether worker had noise induced hearing loss. Results : Difference of hearing loss between before and after noise exposure for left and right ear was 11.4 dB and 11.7 dB respectively at 500 Hz, 8.7 dB and 9.6 dB at 1,000 Hz, 6.3 dB and 6.9 dB at 2,000 Hz and 6.9 dB and 7.4 dB at 4,000 Hz In Group I. That for left ear and right ear was 5.8 dB and 4.9 dB at 500 Hz respectively, 5.4 dB and 6.4 dB at 1,000 Hz, 6.3 dB and 5.3 dB at 2,000 Hz, and 5.5 dB and 5.8 dB at 4,000 Hz in Group II. The sensitivity was 100 in both Groups and the specificity was increased to 58.3 and 71.8 in Group I and Group II respectively until 10 dB was deducted from hearing level at 1,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz. Conclusion : When the screening hearing test was performed at worksite, we might deduct 10 dB from measured hearing level to increase the specificity without reduction of sensitivity.

히스토아크릴을 이용한 십이지장 궤양 출혈의 지혈 후 발생한 급성췌장염

유재훈,문원,노지훈,구동영,조영화,김기수,윤준모 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.1

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is common and potentially life threatening medical emergency. Emergency endoscopy is the first choice of diagnostic and treatment measure for patients with active upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Histoacryl should be considered a second-line treatment modality when conventional treatments were failed. However, it might cause several complications. Herein, we report a case of acute pancreatitis developed after histoacryl injection therapy for active duodenal ulcer bleeding. A 71-year-old man was admitted with melena and hematemesis. On emergency endoscopy, a 2 cm sized active ulcer with bleeding from an exposedvessel was seen at the duodenal bulb. Attempts to arrest the bleeding with hemoclipping and submucosal epinephrine injection were tried, but failed. We changed the method to endoscopic histoacryl injection, and obtained hemostasis immediately. A few hourslater, after successful hemostasis, patient complained diffuse abdominal pain. Ultrasonography revealed hyperechoic heterogenous diffuse pancreatic enlargement and right pararenal space fluid collection, this ultrasonographic findings and elevated serum pancreatic enzymes are compatible with acute pancreatitis.

보건관리대행 기관의 사업장내 진료에 대한 근로자 요구 및 실시 의향

원종욱,송재석,정선아,박화미,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

목적 : 본 연구에서는 보건관리대행 사업에 있어 사업장내 진료에 대한 수요와 보건관리대행기관의 방문진료 제공에 대한 의향을 조사하여 사업장내 진료에 대한 욕구를 파악하고, 이를 토대로 사업장내 진료에 대한 기초적인 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 방법 : 근로자들의 의료이용 행태와 방문진료에 대한 요구도를 파악하기 위해 167개 보건관리대행 사업장의 사업주와 보건담당자, 그리고 1,350명의 근로자에게 설문 조사를 실시하였고, 사업주 121명(72.5%), 보건담당자 145명(86.8%), 근로자 816명(60.5%)이 응답하였다. 일차진료의 제공 가능성을 파악하기 위해서 전국의 66개 보건관리대행기관의 의사와 간호사 및 행정책임자에게 우편 설문조사를 실시하여 의사 31명 (47.0%), 간호사 38명(57.6%) 및 행정책임자 34명(51.5%)이 응답하였다. 결과 : 보건관리대행 사업을 수행하고 있는 의사의 87%와 간호사의 94%가 보건관리대행 업무를 담당하면서 많은 근로자들로부터 투약 등 진료를 요구받고 있었고, 100 %의 간호사와 행정책임자 94%, 의사의 76 %가 보건관리대행 사업에서 진료를 수행하는 것이 필요하다고 생각하고 있었다. 한편사업주의 85 %, 보건관리 담당자 86 %와 근로자81 %가 보건관리대행기관에서 사업장내 진료를 시행 할 때 이를 수용하겠다고 응답하였다.결론 대다수의 근로자와 사업주가 보건관리대행기관의 진료를 요구하고 있었고, 보건관리대행 기관의 의사와 간호사가 사업장에서의 진료를 수용할 의향이 있고, 직업성 뇌심혈 관계질환의 예방 등 필요성이 인정된다면 보건관리대행 의사의 사업장내 진료를 인정해야 한다고 생각된다. Objectives : This study was performed to survey worker's demands for worksite medical care and agency's intention for offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency. Methods : One study subjects were employers, workers and office personnels in 167 factories. They were asked for medical care utilization behavior and worksite medical care demand. 121 employers(72.5%), 145 office personnels(86.8%) and 816 workers(60.5%) answered the questionnaire. The other subjects were doctors, nurses and administrators in 66 Group Health Service Agencies nationwide. They were asked for intention of offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency through the mail survey. 31 doctors (47.0%), 38 nurses (57.6%) and 34 administrators answered the questionnaire. Results : 87 percentage of doctors and 94 percentage of nurses had experiences of being requested to prescribe and laboratory examination. All nurses, 94 percentage of administrators and 76 percentage of doctors thought that it was necessary to give medical treatment at worksite. Also in worksite 85 percentage of employers, 86 percentage of office personnels and 81 percentage of workers answered that they accepted the worksite medical care when it would be given. Conclusions : Worksite medical care should be permitted because almost of all workers and employers requested worksite medical care, and doctors and nurses in Group Health Service Agency were willing to give worksite medical care and there was necessity to prevent occupational cerebrovascular disease.

공간구문론을 이용한 루이스 칸 건축의 공간구조 분석에 관한 연구

노재원,김영욱,이상호 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.5

This study is the quantitative analysis which doesn't only focus on Kahn's statement but also the architectural space itself. The purpose of this study is to understand Kahn's architecture with an actual proof with the use of Space Syntax. The results of this study were as follows; Firstly, in the spatial configuration like concentric circle centering around a huge space, the characteristics are, - forming the rank of syntactic value and determining building user's flow - clarifing building user's spatial cognition - representing Kahn's architectural concept from the beginning Secondly, in the spatial configuration with centrality by putting specific spatial unit to the universal spaces without especially integrated or segregated spaces, - spatial configuration would rather be settled by Kahn's architectural concept which has priority to building's function than satisfy the functional demand following building type. Thirdly, Kahn's void space doesn't mean empty space but his point of architectural concept ; 'Room'

산업보건관리자를 위한 소음성 난청 예방지침서의 개발

이원철,유경혜,장성실,이세훈,구정완,김현욱,노영만,이경재,김형아 가톨릭 대학 산업의학 쎈타 산업의학연구소 1996 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.35 No.1

Occupational hearing loss became the leading occupational disease by constioution 56% of all work-related diseases in Korea. However, the prevalance rates showed wide variations among the specific medical examination providers and were very low(0.8-1.4%) compared with those 8.4% in Japan. The sources of these variations was regarded in the preview study as 1) Employee audometric estings were primarily conducted by nurses and nurse-aids who had no formal training for audiometry; 2) althought audiometric testing equipment used by the spedific medical examination providers, it should be periodically calibrated, a significant number of them were not properly calibrated : 3) Initial audiometric testings were conducted at any available spaces in workplace or at the testing room without considering bachground noise level. One of solutions that can be done for sloving surrent noise related problems is to provide a noise related manual for the occupational health managers including doctors, nurses and hyginests. This study was done to provide such a manual. The main core of the manual was hearing conservation program. And the contents of the manual was the same as the main frame of hearing conservation program such as noise survey, provided of the diagram showing the core contents of each factor of the hearing conservation program. Hopefully, this manual will be the references of the standardized performances of the specific medical examination providers.

소음성 난청 선별검사용 문진표의 유용성

송재석,최병수,원종욱,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

목적 : 소음 특수건강진단시 문진표의 유용성을 알기 위하여 실시되었다. 방법 : 자료로는 전국을 5대 권역으로 나눈 후 연구에 협조적인 산업보건기관을 대상으로 하여, 소음성 난청이 발생한 사업장과 그 부서에 대하여 정상인 근로자의 검진기록과 작업환경측정 기록 및 문진표를 수집하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 각각의 문진 항목과 청력이상 여부에 대한 분석결과, 귀에서 소리가 난다고 하는 항목과 최근 작은 소리가 잘 안들린다고 하는 만성 특이적 항목만 청력이상 여부와 관계가 있었고, 급성 항목들은 청력 이상 여부와 통계적 연관성이 없었다. 또한 7개의 설문 항목과 연령 및 근무경력만을 이용하여 청력이상을 판정한다고 하였을 때, 실제 건강진단 결과와 비교하게 되면 민감도, 59 %, 특이도, 88 %로 계산 되었으며, 평균 23 %정도가 잘못 분류되었다. 결 론 : 만성적이고 특이적인 항목을 위주로 한 단순하고도 판별력있는 항목의 개발이 필요하며, 이러한 항목들을 전산화하였을 때, 효과적인 소음성 난청의 선별검사 체계를 구축할 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the questionnaire. Methods : Workers'health examination records, work environment record, and questionnaires of selected industries as samples were analysed using logistic regression analysis and discrimination analysis Results'Cases of bearing impairment (Dl+C) as dependent variables, and age, work duration and level of environmental noise as independent variables were selected for multiple unconditional logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio was 4.04 in hearing difficulty, 2.78 in tlnnitus and 1.08 in age. In the second analysis Noise induced hearing loss is selected as dependent variable. The OR in hearing difficulty was 3.67(95 % C.1. : 1.61 8.61), and was 1.09(95 % C.1. : 1.05-1.14) in age. Conditionnal multlple logistic regression analysis was performed. In hearing impairment as dependent variable, the OR of age was 1.02(95 % C.1. : 1.00-1.04) and other variables were not significant. However, NIHL as dependent, the OR of hearing difficulty was 4.57(95 % C.1. : 1.43-14.67). According to multiple logistic regression adopting each items of questionnaire as dependent variable, the only item of hearing difficulty showed significant difference with hearing ability. The discrimination analysis was performed with the class variable of hearing impairment, and discrimination variables of age, work duration, and environment noise level. The sensitivity of 59 %, and specificity of 88 %, and average error count of 23 % were obtained. When the numbers of items answered in questionnaire were assumed as the parameter of judgement for noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), the highest sensitivity and specificity were 33.5% and 49.0% in cases of more than two items answered. Conclusions : The development of items that is simple and discriminative mainly consisted of chronic and specific diseases related items is needed. Computerization for newly developed items might be needed to establish effective surveillance system for NIHL in the future.

解放 이후 工業高等學校 敎育課程의 變遷過程 硏究

李載元,金振淳,盧泰天,柳彰烈 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1985 論文集 Vol.8 No.2

The purposes of this study was to : 1) review the curriculum changes in technical high school from the 1945 Liberation to 1984, 2) examine the characteristics, objectives and organizations of the curriculum and, 3) search for the future directions of the curriculum development. Development of technical high school education programs was divided into four periods. The characteristics of THS curriculum during these periods was summarized as follows. 1. Embryonic Period (1945-1962)-After the foundation of the Republic of Korea, the technical high schools were included in high school system according to the Education Law promulgated in 1949. The technical high schools were created to develop competent industrial production workers. General subjects of the technical high schools were same as the general high schools during this period. Specialized subjects accounted for more than 30 percent of the total school hours. 2. Established Period (1963-1972)-Ministry of Education responding to the first Five-Year Plan for economic development, established a new technical high school curriculum in 1963. General course were modified to meet the needs of technical high school students. The educational aim of THS was the training skilled worker and technicians. THS placed stress on specialized subjects which were made-up than 50 percent of total school hours. Also, more hours were spent in practice compared to theory in specialized courses. 3. Developed Period (1973-1979)-Remarkable development was achieved by THS during this period. Technical high schools were subdivided into general, mechanical, special and model technical high schools. Their graduates were eligible for technical qualification and licences after passing test. THS had given the more consideration to the specialized subjects and practice than general subjects and theory. 4. Converting Period (1980-1984)-A change in educational policy in 1980 created a turning point for THS's. The new policy emphasizes educating Industrial Technicians more than training skilled workers. Technical high schools were again included in the high school system. THS placed increased emphasis on general subjects which comprise 43-60 percent of total school hours. The 1981 curriculum revision established elective subjects (e.g., General Mechanics, General Electrics, Computer, Industrial English, Industrial Safety). All THS students are able to select elective subjects outside their own major.

냉동ㆍ공조 장치에서 R-22와 자연냉매 R-290의 열전달과 사이클 특성

정재천,박기원,노건상,오후규 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.12 No.2

A basic heat pump system was designed and manufactured, in which a pair of bare tube was constructed as main heat exchanger. New natural refrigerants R-290 and HCFC refrigerant R-22 were used. In this paper, cycle characteristics of global heat pump, evaporation and condensation heat transfer characteristics were studied and a basic data base for the optimum design of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems was obtained. On the condensing and evaporating heat transfer characteristics, the average heat transfer coefficient was obtained the higher value in R-290 than R-22 refrigerant. Characteristics of heat pump cycle were researched based on the compressor shaft power, cooling capacity and coefficient of performance. From these results, the heat pump cycle characteristics were more affected from the refrigerant properties and operating conditions. Considering the results, R-290 refrigerant has a sufficient ability to substitute R-22 due to its higher performance.

일부 의료서비스업 VDT작업자의 상지 근골격계 증상의 정도와 관련된 요인

김형렬,원종욱,송재석,김현수,김치년,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 상지 근골격계 질환의 유병율이 높은 집단으로 알려진 VDT작업자를 대상으로 이들의 근골격계 통증을 정량화하고, 정량화된 통증점수를 종속변수로 하여, 이와 관련성을 갖는 작업요인, 사회심리적 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 서울지역에 위치한 1500병상 규모의 대학병원에 근무하고 단말기 작업을 주로 수행한다고 알려진 부서에 대해 병원내 안전관리과와 협의를 거쳐 163명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 이중 138명이 설문에 참가하였고, 이들을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 설문지를 가지고 연구변수를 측정하여, 나이, 근무연수, 가사노동의 정도 등의 인구학적 변수와 직무스트레스 및 사회적지지, 근골격계 증상, 통증의 양상 등을 조사하였다. 분석방법은 일반적 특성 및 작업특성, 통증의 양상을 성별에 따라 파악하였고, 통증점수의 타당성을 검정하기 위해, 통증점수의 구성요소와 통증점수를 시각적 상사척도와 상관성 검정을 시행하였다. 통증점수를 종속변수로 하고 직무요구도, 직무재량도, 동료의지지, 상사의지지, 여러작업환경특성, 인구학적 특징 등을 독립변수로 하여 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 첫째 통증의 정량화를 위해 사용한 통증평정지수는 시각적 상사척도와의 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타나, 어느 정도의 타당성을 지닌 방법으로 해석할 수 있었다. 둘째, 이 통증 점수를 종속변수로 하여, 관련요인 분석한 다중회귀분석에서 직무요구도가 높을수록 통증의 정도가 높고(p<0.01), 여성일수록 남성에 비해 높은 통증점수를 보였다(p<0.01). 결론: 근골격계 질환의 높은 유병율을 보이는 집단의 경우, 이들의 증상 유무만을 가지고 관련요인을 분석하는 방법을 사용하기 어렵다. 따라서 이런 경우, 통증을 정량화하여, 다양한 관련요인을 찾으려는 노력이 필요하며, 본 연구에서 사용한 통증평정지수는 타당성을 지닌 정량화 방법이라고 여겨진다. 또한 본 연구에서는 직무요구도가 높을수록, 여성일수록 높은 통증점수를 보였다. Objectives: This study was designed to quantify symptoms in the upper extremities and to identify the pain related factors among hospital workers using video display terminals. Methods: The subject-group consisted of 138 employees working at a hospital using video display terminals. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate the participants' general characteristics, and job contents. Job stress was measured using Karaseks JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Pain in the upper extremities was identified according to the NIOSH symptoms survey criteria. Quantification was measured using Kim Chul's method. Pearson's Correlation analysis was used to identify validity in quantification. VAS(visual analog scale) was used to compare with this method. Multiple regression analyses elucidated the relationship between quantified pain and various work factors, such as job stress. Data were analysed with SAS 6.12 program. Results: First, in quantification using Kim Chul's method, the correlation between modified PRS(pain rating score) and VAS was extremely high by 0.60(P<0.01), indicating the high validity of PRS. Second, the groups of high job demand, high job control, and females were related to an increased pain level. Conclusions: These results suggest that the self pain assessment method, PRS, is valuable and useful in analyzing occupational musculoskeletal symptoms. High demand, job control and gender may influence the levels of pain. Prospective studies about musculoskeletal disorder are required.