Emerging Disease Problems in Korean Rice and Their Origins

William M. Brown. Jr. 한국식물병리학회 1976 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.15 No.1

EMERGING DISEASE PROBLEMS IN KOREAN RICE AND THEIR ORIGINS

Brown William M. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1976 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.15 No.1

As the technology of rice production in Korea has rapidly developed and progressed over the last few years, many problems in rice production have been solved. But with the introduction of new genetic material, the increased use of pesticides, higher fertilizer rates and closer plantings, new problems are beginning to emerge. The brown plant hopper outbreak in 1975 resulted to a great extent from some of the changes in management practices. Some rice diseases and nutritional problems that have existed in Korea but have not been considered of serious consequence, are now becoming increasingly severe and possibly as limiting as the hopper outbreak in 1975. Other diseases and nutritional problems are completely new and their cause and significance have not yet been adequately defined. In this discussion there is no Intention to state, nor is there evidence to support a statement, that any of these problems are going to be limiting factors in the future production of rice on the Korean peninsula. Rather this is an attempt to bring together some of the current field problems in Korean rice so that they can be discussed and where necessary receive suitable consideration for research and control.

EMERGING DISEASE PROBLEMS IN KOREAN RICE AND THEIR ORIGINS

William M. Brown Jr 한국응용곤충학회 1976 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.15 No.1

As the technology of rice production in Korea has rapidly developed and progressed over the last few years, many problems in rice production have been solved. But with the introduction of new genetic material, the increased use of pesticides, higher fertilizer rates and closer plantings, new problems are beginning to emerge. The brown plant hopper outbreak in 1975 resulted to a great extent from some of the changes in management practices. Some rice diseases and nutritional problems that have existed in Korea but have not been considered of serious consequence, are now becoming increasingly severe and possibly as limiting as the hopper outbreak in 1975. Other diseases and nutritional problems are completely new and their cause and significance have not yet been adequately defined. In this discussion there is no Intention to state, nor is there evidence to support a statement, that any of these problems are going to be limiting factors in the future production of rice on the Korean peninsula. Rather this is an attempt to bring together some of the current field problems in Korean rice so that they can be discussed and where necessary receive suitable consideration for research and control.

London 2012: changing delivery patterns in response to the impact of the Games on traffic flows

Michael Browne,Julian Allen,Ian Wainwright,Andrew Palmer,Ian Williams 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2014 도시과학국제저널 Vol.18 No.2

The paper addresses road freight transport operations during the London Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012. It presents work carried out prior to the Games to understand pre-Games patterns of freight deliveries in London (for both light and heavy goods vehicles) and the results of modelling work carried out to assess the likely impacts of the Games road restrictions on freight operations. The modelling results indicated that increases in total hours travelled carrying out collection and delivery work would range from 1.4% to 11.4% in the six sectors considered. The results suggested increases in hours travelled in excess of 3.5% in four of the six sectors modelled. The possible actions that could be taken by organizations to reduce these negative impacts were also modelled and the results indicated that such actions would help to mitigate the impact of the road restrictions imposed on operators during the Games. The actual impacts of the 2012 Games on transport both in general terms and specifically in terms of freight transport are also discussed, together with the success of the actions taken by Transport for London (TfL) to help the road freight industry. The potential freight transport legacy of the London 2012 Games in terms of achieving more sustainable urban freight transport is considered and the steps being taken by TfL to help ensure that such a legacy can be realized are discussed. Such steps include policy-makers continuing to collaborate closely with the freight industry through the ‘London Freight Forum’, and TfL's efforts to encourage and support companies revising their delivery and collection times to the off-peak; improving freight planning in the design and management of TfL-funded road schemes; electronic provision of traffic information by TfL to the freight industry, and the further development of freight journey planning tools.

Oxytetracycline의 樹幹注入에 依한 대추나무 비짜루病 防除

羅瑢俊,William M. Brown Jr.,文東植 한국응용곤충학회 1976 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.15 No.3

oxytetracycline HCI의 대추나무 비짜루병 방제효과를 구명할 목적으로 병든 대추나무(15-20년생, 흉고직경 20cm 내외)에 oxytetracycline HCI의 1,000 p.p.m. 수용액을 1회에 500ml씩 시기별로 각각 1회(4월), 2회(4월, 7월), 30(4월, 6월, 8월) 그리고 대추 수확후 1회구(10월)로 나누어 수간에 주입하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수간주입당년에 있어서는 시기별 주입회수에 관계없이 1회 이상의 수간주입으로 비짜루병징이 완전히 억제되고, 정상엽이 자라나면서 개화결실하였다. 2. 2회이상 주입한 나무와 10월에 1회주입한 나무에서는 이듬해 가을까지도 병징억제효과가 지속되었으나 4월에 1회 주입한 나무에서는 이듬해에 부분적으로 경미한 병징이 나타나기 시작했다. 3. oxytetracycline HCI에 의한 병징억제효과는 수간주입부위의 윗쪽에서만 나타났으며, 그 이하부위와 약액이 주입되지 않은 측지에서는 병징이 억제되지 않았다. 4. oxytetracycline HCI의 5.000 p.p.m. 수용액을 주당 30ml씩 주입하였을 때는 전혀 병징이 억제되지 않았다. A Witches'-broom disease of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) with which mycoplasma-like bodies are associated is wide spread in South Korea. Jujube trees with witches'-broom symptoms were selected from 15-20 year old planting and treated with solution of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramycin). Treatments were 1) one injection on April, 2) one postharvest injection on October, 3) two injections (April and July), 4) three injections (April, June and August) and 5) an untreated control. Each injection consisted of 500ml of 1,000 p.p.m. solution of oxytetracycline HCl transfused into affected trees from plastic reservoir through plastic tubes connected to 3 small holes drilled in the basal part of the tree trunks. Complete remission of witches'-broom symptoms was accomplished within one growing season by one spring (April) injection. One postharvest (Oct.) injection also prevented the symptoms in the following growing season. Two and three injection treatments prevented the symptoms for at least two growing seasons and restored previously severely diseased trees to normal or near normal conditions. Remission of symptoms was found only above the injection site while current season witches'-brooms developed from areas below the injection site and from untreated main scaffolds. The results of this experiment demonstrates that transfusion treatment with oxytetracyclin HCl is feasible for the practical control of witches'-broom of jujube.

Precision Greenness and Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack in 249,405 US Medicare Beneficiaries

Scott C. Brown,William W. Aitken,Joanna Lombard,Kefeng Wang,Tatjana Rundek,Margaret M. Byrne,Matthew Toro,Maria I. Nardi,Jack Kardys,Abraham Parrish,José Szapocznik 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.1

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Brownian motion of anisotropic particles in microgravity

심규락,정성근,( William V. Meyer ),( Ronald J. Sicker ),( Dan Brown ),이창수 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0

In the universe, Brownian motion is fascinating phenomena that give great impact in the field of science and engineering. On earth, it is experimentally difficult to observe original Brownian motion of anisotropic particle due to buoyancy-driven force and sedimentation. Their original 3-dimensional (3D) Brownian motion is replaced by quasi 2-dimensional (2D) motion at long time scale because the colloidal particles usually settle down in a liquid due to gravity. Here we report the observation of 3D rotational Brownian motion of anisotropic colloidal particle in International Space Station (ISS) with the Light microscopy module (LMM). We find that the hydrophobic surface enhance their 3D rotational Brownian motion. Our observation is the measurement of 3D rotational Brownian motion of an anisotropic colloidal particle in microgravity where one can connect the combined effects of shape with the amount of a hydrophobic surface present.

Atomization and Sprays Research in Perspective

( Norman Chigier ),( William J Brown ) 한국액체미립화학회 2001 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

Oxytetracycline 수한주입에 의한 대추나무 비짜루병 방제

나용준,문동식,La Yong-Joon,Brown William M.,Moon Dong-Sik 한국응용곤충학회 1976 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

oxytetracycline HCI의 대추나무 비짜루병 방제효과를 구명할 목적으로 병든 대추나무(15-20년생, 흉고직경 20cm 내외)에 oxytetracycline HCI의 1,000 p.p.m. 수용액을 1회에 500ml씩 시기별로 각각 1회(4월), 2회(4월, 7월), 30(4월, 6월, 8월) 그리고 대추 수확후 1회구(10월)로 나누어 수간에 주입하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수간주입당년에 있어서는 시기별 주입회수에 관계없이 1회 이상의 수간주입으로 비짜루병징이 완전히 억제되고, 정상엽이 자라나면서 개화결실하였다. 2. 2회이상 주입한 나무와 10월에 1회주입한 나무에서는 이듬해 가을까지도 병징억제효과가 지속되었으나 4월에 1회 주입한 나무에서는 이듬해에 부분적으로 경미한 병징이 나타나기 시작했다. 3. oxytetracycline HCI에 의한 병징억제효과는 수간주입부위의 윗쪽에서만 나타났으며, 그 이하부위와 약액이 주입되지 않은 측지에서는 병징이 억제되지 않았다. 4. oxytetracycline HCI의 5.000 p.p.m. 수용액을 주당 30ml씩 주입하였을 때는 전혀 병징이 억제되지 않았다. A Witches'-broom disease of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) with which mycoplasma-like bodies are associated is wide spread in South Korea. Jujube trees with witches'-broom symptoms were selected from 15-20 year old planting and treated with solution of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramycin). Treatments were 1) one injection on April; 2) one postharvest injection on October; 3) two injections (April and July); 4) three injections (April, June and August) and 5) an untreated control. Each injection consisted of 500ml of 1,000 p.p.m. solution of oxytetracycline HCl transfused into affected trees from plastic reservoir through plastic tubes connected to 3 small holes drilled in the basal part of the tree trunks. Complete remission of witches'-broom symptoms was accomplished within one growing season by one spring (April) injection. One postharvest (Oct.) injection also prevented the symptoms in the following growing season. Two and three injection treatments prevented the symptoms for at least two growing seasons and restored previously severely diseased trees to normal or near normal conditions. Remission of symptoms was found only above the injection site while current season witches'-brooms developed from areas below the injection site and from untreated main scaffolds. The results of this experiment demonstrates that transfusion treatment with oxytetracyclin HCl is feasible for the practical control of witches'-broom of jujube.

IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGING NUCLEAR PLANT TECHNOLOGY

JOHN M. O’HARA,JAMES C. HIGGINS,WILLIAM S. BROWN 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study has identified human performance research issues associated with the implementation of new technology in nuclear power plants (NPPs). To identify the research issues, current industry developments and trends were evaluated in the areas of reactor technology, instrumentation and control technology, human-system integration technology, and human factors engineering (HFE) methods and tools. The issues were prioritized into four categories based on evaluations provided by 14 independent subject matter experts representing vendors, utilities, research organizations and regulators. Twenty issues were categorized into the top priority category. The study also identifies the priority of each issue and the rationale for those in the top priority category. The top priority issues were then organized into research program areas of: New Concepts of Operation using Multi-agent Teams, Human-system Interface Design, Complexity Issues in Advanced Systems, Operating Experience of New and Modernized Plants, and HFE Methods and Tools. The results can serve as input to the development of a long-term strategy and plan for addressing human performance in these areas to support the safe operation of new NPPs.