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가정과에의 열린 교육 적용 연구 : 직소(Jigsaw) II 협동학습을 중심으로
최목화,홍정자,이강분 한남대학교 교육연구소 1997 교육연구 Vol.5 No.2
The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept, teaching and learning method in open education and to help to expand the use of open education in Home Economics education. To achieve this purpose, this study was reviewed meaning, principle and characteristics of open education based on the theoretical background and developed an instructional plan of the open education for Home Economics education. This plan was applied to second grade students of Ohjeong middle school in July 1997, using Jigsaw It's cooperational teaching and learning method. The results were as follows: 1) Students chose their learning tasks themselves and accomplished the student-centered, positive, spontaneous learning of small group cooperational learning. 2) Students who were involved in the same group made their plans together in order to solve their tasks. Within these groups each student then took smaller roles to accomplish the goal of the group. 3) All students were able to gain some self-confidence and make a statement about their tasks. The knowledge gained from the group work improved the ability of their presentation. 4) The experiment of heating food in various conditions allowed the students to recognize natuarally the changes that occurred in the food. They could realize the scientific cooking principle through comparison with foods which were cooked in several conditions. 5) Observing and comparing food that was cooked by the students themselves with food that was cooked by others, was very effective.
전주연,강화자 경희대학교 2006 慶熙醫學 Vol.22 No.1
목적: 전신 마취 하에 하지 수술을 받는 환자에서 지혈대 감압 후 중심체온을 측정시 수술 부위의 외부노출로 인한 온도감소에 의해 중심체온이 감소한다고 하며 저체온으로 인해 약물의 대사저하, 각성지연, 심부정맥, 혈관저항 증가, 진전에 의한 심박출량 및 산소 소모량의 증가 등에 의한 심근허혈 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전신 마취하에 하지 지혈대를 사용한 정형외과 환자에서 지혈대 감압이 중심체온에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 방법: 전신 마취 하에 지혈대를 사용하여 하지 수술을 받는 환자 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 수술실 온도를 20~22℃로 유지하고 temperature probe를 식도하부1/3에 위치시킨 후 마취 유도 직후, 지혈대 팽창 직후, 감압 직전 및 직후부터 2분 간격으로 10분간 중심체온을 측정하였다. 결과: 마취 유도 후 지혈대 팽창까지 걸린 시간은 평균 21.3土4.6분, 수술시간은 160.3土29.1분이며 지혈대 팽창시간은 123.6土12.5분이었다. 중심체온은 마취유도 직후 36.5士0.2℃, 지혈대 핑창 직후 36.2士0.3℃, 지혈대 감압 직전 36.3℃土0.2로 유의한 차이가 없었으나 지혈대 감압 2분후 36.2土0.l℃, 지혈대 감압 4분후 36.0土0.2℃, 6분후 35.8土0.2℃로 의미있게 감소하였다. 결론: 전신 마취 하에서의 하지 수술시 지혈대 감압은 체온감소를 초래하므로 이로 인해 심각한 부작용을 초래 할 수 있는 노인이나 심폐 질환 환자들의 경우 지속적으로 체온을 감시하여 저체온중 발생 예방에 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Pneumatic tourniquets provide a bloodless surgical field during surgery of extremities. Core temperature decreases in during general anesthesia following tourniquet deflation. The consuquences of intraoperative hypothermia include altered drug metabolism, delayed awakening from anesthesia, cardiac arrhythmia, increased vessel resistance, and postoperative shivering with increased oxygen consumption. Therefore, we investigate that central temperature decrease occur following pneumatic torniquet deflation in adult undergoing surgery of lower extremities with general anesthesia. Methods: 30 patients were enrolled our study. We exclude patients with obesity, cardiopulmonary disease, thyroid disease, autonomic nervous dysfunction, and Raynaud's syndrome. The operating room temperature was controlled at 20℃ to 22℃ and core temperature was monitored with an esophageal temperature probe. Temperature were recorded at following induction, and at the time of inflation of pneumatic torniquet, prior to torniquet deflation, after deflation, two minute interval during ten minutes. Results: The average time from induction of anesthesia to torniquet inflation was 21.3±4.6minutes. Mean duration of surgery was 160.3±29.1minutes. and tourniquet time was 123.6±12.5minutes. Core temperatures following induction of anethesia was 36.5±0.2℃, following inflation was 36.2±0.3℃, prior to deflation was 36.3±0.2℃, temperature drops were statistically significant. Core temperature decreased promptly following tourniquet deflation with the maximum decrease seen at termination of measurement. Temperature drops were statistically significant at each interval following deflation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Core temperature drops significantly immediately following tourniquet deflation at the esophageal temperature monitoring site.
Wha Ja Kang,Byung Ik Rhee,Keon Sik Kim,Ok Young Shin Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine 1998 Acute and Critical Care Vol.13 No.1
Pulmonary edema is a recognized complication of acute airway obstruction, laryngospasm, especially after endotracheal extubation. It usually follows relief of the obstruction and is likely to be of noncardiogenic origin. The mechanism by which an upper airway obstruction causes pulmonary edema is likely due to the combination of the increased reduction of intrapulmonary pressure, increased capillary permeability and hypoxia. We present a case of pulmonary edema that occurred in an adult patient after upper airway obstruction following extubation of the trachea.