韓國 高等學生들의 生態學的 誤槪念

鄭玩鎬,崔鎭福,車喜英 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1995 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this research was to analyze Korean high school students' misconceptions on ecology. For this study, the questionnaire of multiple choice questions, consisted with 9 items on ecology, had been developed and administered to 541 high school students, including 243 science gifted students who had been attending science high school. According to the responses of the students, the general lower academic level students' group had more significantly misconceptions on ecology statistically, compared to higher academic level students' group. Among the general lower academic level students' group, there were not statistically significant differences between male and female students about the concepts of ecology, but between rural and urban students, there were statistically significant differences about the concepts. Rural students had more misunderstandings compared with urban students about the ecological concepts. Many of them had correct understandings on the environmental components of ecosystem. Especially, as to the concepts of winter migratory birds, red blooming, cooling water and eutrophication etc., it is proved that they had misconceptions caused by terminology according to the Korean pronunciation. In case of the concepts of energy flow and circulation of materials, they recalled simply rather than understood meaningfully.

중학생들의 과학적 사고 수준과 교과서 생물 분야의 탐구활동에서 요구하는 사고수준의 분석

정완호,김영신,권용주 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1999 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between junior high school students' reasoning level and thinking pattern of biology inquiry activities in their science textbook. Students' scientific reasoning abilities were investigated by the Lawson's Scientific Reasoning Group Test which was adminstered to 725 junior high school students. Four hundred and sixty-four inquiry activities excerpted from 8 science textbooks were analyzed by the profile of reasoning patterns which were composed of sub-categories of empirical-inductive reasoning and hypothetico-deductive reasoning patterns. The results of this study showed that 38.9 percentiles of all subjects were categorized as empirical-inductive reasoner and 29.1 percentiles were hypothetico-deductive reasoner. Although the percentile of hypothetico-deductive reasoner was increased from the 7th to the 8th grades, the result showed it was decreased from the 8th to the 9th grades which provided another positive evidence for Kwon's theory of the spurt-and-plateau pattern of reasoning development. In addition, the result showed that 86.4 percentiles of all inquiry activities were revealed as empirical-inductive reasoning pattern and 13.6 percentiles were turn in revealed as hypothetico-deductive reasoning pattern. Even the percentile of hypothetical-deductive reasoning pattern of inquiry activities was increased from the 7th to 9th grades, it was lower than the percentiles of students' hypothetico-deductive reasoning level.

대학 입학 학력고사의 생물 문항 분석 연구

정완호,권용주,김영신,봉희근 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1994 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.4 No.1

Not only in science but also in all subjects, the management of high school curriculum in Korea is received the influence of National Testing for the University Entrance Examination. And this influence has more negative aspects than positive ones. In this view point, this study is to analyze the domains of content, behavior, and context, find out the controversial problems, and make some suggestions for the improvement of the National Testing for the University Entrance Examination. The materials of this study are consist of 372 items in the National Testing for the University Entrance Examination from 1969 to 1992. The tool of this analysis is the "three-dimensional analysis tool of science education" which was set up for this study by means of correcting the fifth NAEP Assessment Frame(NAEP, 1984). To keep the validity of study, "the objectivity of the analysits" was measured before the analysis, and the measured objectivity index of analysits is 90.8%. According to the result of this analysis, in the domain of content many items have been set on the area of "development and genetics" and "structures and functions of organs" and the area of "ecology" is increasing its importance. In the domain of behavior, the items about the knowledge and comprehension covered 70.7% and the items about the science process took only 8.3% in spit of the emphasis in the science curriculum. The domain of value and responsibility of biological science hasn't been treated in the items. This analysis shows the fact that the National Testing for the University Entrance Examination have an influence on the way of the normal management of the curriculum and the achievement of educational objective. In the domain of context, the items of National Testing for the University Entrance Examination pay no attention to the area of context such as technological, social, and individual context. This will lead the science education in high school to ignore important educational function of the problem-solving learning and decision-making and this will inevitably result in the danger of cultivating scientifically illiterate people. On the basis of these analysis, when the National Testing for the and University Entrance Examination is taken into consideration on the aspect of its influence on the high-school curriculum, it should take the following into consideration. First, in the domain of content, it should focus on both the application of the area of bioecological aspect such as 'environmental biology', 'conservation biology', 'behavioral biology' and the area of technoogical aspect such as 'cell biology', 'molecular biology', 'microbiology'. Second, in the domain of behavior, scientific process, the value of science, and the application of science in the technological and social aspects should be considered. Third, in the domain of context, the items about the technological, social, and individual context should be treated. Finally, besides all these suggestions, the introduction of the system for previous problem analysis, the consideration study on the validity, difficulty, and discrimination should be conducted.

STS 교육운동의 국내 연구 경향 분석과 적용 방안에 관한 조사 연구

정완호,권용주,김영신 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1993 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.3 No.1

The purposes of this study are to analyse trend of STS movement in Korea and to collect basic data on application of STS to school science education. It investigated, from 1990 to March 1993, journals of 6 associations, a monthly magazine of science education, and printed materials of seminars or workshops about science education. It also surveied a question to 47 science teachers and 26 researchers who had experienced STS workshop. The results of the study are as follows: (1) The studies of STS increased since 1990, but they are made at a introduction or background of STS. (2) The 98.7% of the respondents want to apply STS in school science education. (3) They responded that a device for the application of STS which is added last part of each chapter or last chapter, will use the STS program that made by subject, still maintain current science curriculum. (4) They responded that the knowledge & compreshion domain and inquiry process domain contain more high than others. (5) The STS subjects for application to the school science education are as follows: Environment pollution, science for living, ethics of science, human health and disease, information communication, an ecosystem destruction, development and storage of natural resources. This study suggested that establishment of a research institute for systematic research of STS, in-service training, a new evaluation process, a balancing of other subjects and increasing learning hour and changing objectives.

高等學校 學生들의 生理學的 誤槪念

鄭玩鎬,車喜英,姜錫本 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1993 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.3 No.1

The major purpose of this research was to identify high school students' misconceptions on physiology. Misconceptions of scientific concepts have been believed to be very persistent and difficult to be overcome through regular classroom activities. Therefore, to find out students' misconceptions and students' cognitive structure must be very important to design instructions as well as curriculum. In order to find out high school students' misconceptions on physiology, a open-ended form of questionnaire on the physiology of several biological areas was developed and sent to fifty-three high school students. Their responses were collected and analyzed. From the analysis of all the Korean text books, it was found that some concepts were not described correctly. At the same time, the terminology used in the text books was different from book to book. These incorrect presentations and inconsistent use of terminology would have been the source of students' misconceptions on biology. Although the pattern of misconceptions that Korean students have in the area of photosynthesis was generally similar to one by foreign students, the misconceptions arose from biological terminology such as excretion and elimination were found to be specifically developed in Korean students who use Korean language. Although there a few special misconceptions in fragmentary lower-level concepts, there were some misconceptions in comprehensive and fundamental higher-level concepts. This probably could have resulted from the fact that too many concepts were included in current Korean textbooks and the entrance examination items were only knowledge level which need only be memorized line by line. Therefore, the content and concepts should be very carefully chosen in the text books.

韓國 高等學生들의 生殖과 發生에 대한 誤槪念

鄭玩鎬,車喜英,崔鎭福 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1995 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.5 No.1

구성주의자들은 학생들이 수업전에 수업내용과 관련된 선입관을 가지고 있는데, 이 선입관중에 서도 당대의 과학적 지식과는 다른 개념들을 오개념(misconception)이라고 하였다. 또 이 오개념은 전통적인 수업방법에 의해서는 쉽사리 바뀌지 않는다고 하였다. 본 연구는 우리나라 고등학교 3학년 학생들이 보편적으로 생식과 발생에 대한 오개념을 가지고 있는지를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 선행연구로써 먼저 학생들이 가지고 있는 생식과 발생에 대한 오개념들을 생물교사와 학생들에게 자유응답형 질문지를 통하여 이미 조사하여, 본 연구를 위한 객관식 질문지를 만드는 자료로 이용하였다. 생식과 발생에 대한 학생들의 오개념을 알아보기 위해 특별히 제작된 질문지는 모두 10개 문항으로 구성되어 있으며, 연구대상으로 선정된 541명의 학생들은 대도시ㆍ중소도시ㆍ시골 지역별, 남ㆍ녀 성별, 일반ㆍ과학고 능력별로 유층표집하였다. 우리나라 고등학생들의 생식과 발생에 대한 오개념을 알아보기 위한 객관식 문항들을 분석한 결과, 시험관 아기가 수정되는 장소와 자라는 장소, 수정되지 않은 달걀의 부화와 달걀 세표, 수정란의 난할, 식물의 수정과 수분의 차이, 고등동물에서 암, 수의 성 결정 시기, 사람의 정자가 난자와 만나 수정이 이루어진 순간부터 아기가 태어나기까지 걸리는 시간, 생식과정에서 감수분열이 필요한 이유, 배낭과 배낭세포, 일란성 쌍생아의 수정원리 등에 대한 개념에서 오개념을 가진 학생들이 많이 나타났다. 정답률은 일반ㆍ과학 고등학생간에 유의한 차가 없었으며, 일반학생들의 성별, 지역별 차이도 없었다. In order to find out the Korean high school students' misconception about reproduction and development, a paper and pencil test form of the questionnaire was developed which was constructed of 10 items, and administered to 541 Korean high school students. Their responses were collected and analyzed. According to the analysis of their responses, students misunderstood the concepts of the fertilizing site and incubating region of human embryo, development of unfertilized egg, a location of cell in an egg, cleavage of fertilized egg, korean terminology about fertilization and pollination of plant, sex determination time of higher organisms, the period of pregnancy, significance of meiosis, an embryo sac and principle of fertilization of identical twins. For the students' conceptions about reproduction and development, the general lower academic level students didn't misunderstand statistically compared to higher level students' group significantly, and there was not the statistically significant difference for sex and residential locality.

초등학교 자연과에서의 야외 수업 실태와 개선 방안 및 지도 방략

정완호,권치순,김재영,임채성 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

When we consider the developmental level of children, minds-on/hands-on experiences have very important value for effective science learning. As a basis for the development of outdoor-inquiry materials, we surveyed the status of outdoor activities in the elementary school science, then analyzed the data. Data were obtained from fifty-one teachers of nineteen elementary schools. Most of them (about 80%) recognized the necessity of outdoor instruction. However, they were using the outdoor activities 1.7 times at average per school year in practice. Most of these activities were practiced within school or nearby areas including parks. The major reasons for these poor use of outdoor activities presented by respondents were the cognitive characteristics of children and the excessive amount of science content to be covered. Also, these outdoor activeities were focused only to the observations in natural environment and cognitive aspects. Several factors, such as the lack of time, appropriate outdoor sites and instructional materials, and the insufficient experiences on the outdoor activities of teacher oneself, were acknowledged. These results have implications for the development of instructional materials for both of children and teachers. In this study, we suggested the effective instructional methods at outdoor environment in relation to the characteristics of children, topics, and sites.

초등학교 학생들의 비례논리 전략의 발달에 대한 연구

정완호,권용주,김영신 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1998 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development of elementary school student's reasoning strategies used in proportional tasks. Three hundred and ninety elementary students were sampled to investigate their reasoning strategies used in Pouring Water Tasks. Results showed that 4 percentage of students used proportional reasoning strategy. By the way, about 80% of students used qualitative guess or additive strategies to solve proportion tasks. Further, about fifth-grade or 11-year-old students began to use proportional reasoning strategy. Also, female and male students' development of reasoning strategies improved from 1st grade across 5th grade and from 6-year-old across 11-year-old. However, female did not show the improvement of strategy development after 5th-grade or 11-year-old. However, male students showed a continuous improvement after the grade or age. In addition, students showed developmental patterns of spurts and plateau, rather than a linear developmental pattern. The present study also discussed educational implications of this findings in school curriculum.

오존감지를 위한 졸-겔 In₂O₃박막의 형성

정완영 東西大學校 2000 동서논문집 Vol.6 No.-

Ozone sensing properties of In2O3 semiconductor thin film prepared by sol-gel method have been investigated. The indium alkoxide precursor was synthesized from the reaction involving indium hydroxide and butanol. The indium sol solution was deposited by spin coating technique. The In2O3 thin films were coated between 1 and 5 times followed by drying at 100℃ and calcining at 600℃. The film thickness was controlled by the number of spin coating. The morphology and the thickness of the In2O3 films were examined by SEM and XRD. The In2O3 thin films have show high sensitive to ozone gas at 250℃ temperature. The In2O3 sensor showed very good selectivity to CH4, CO and C4H10 gases.

生殖과 發生에 대한 高等學生들의 誤槪念

鄭玩鎬,車喜英,李在仁 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1994 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.4 No.1

This research was one part of the whole research which have been designed for the purpose of investigating korean high school students' misconceptions on biology. As previously reported by Chung et al. (1992), korean biology teachers teachers stated that korean students had many biological misconceptions. The previous study was a pilot study of this study. This study was to identify high school students' misconceptions about reproduction and development of organism. For this study, a free-answer form questionnaire consisted of twenty-one items, was specially developed through analysis of high school biology curriculum about reproduction and development, developed and sent to fifty four high school students lived in Seoul. Their responses were collected and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the analysis of the students' responses will be used essential data for the following questionnaire development.