김유신장군의 백제공격로에 관한 연구 -효령신화와 장군당을 중심으로-

김완수 ( Wan Soo Kim ) 택민국학연구원 2011 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.7

7세기 신라가 일으킨 통일전쟁은 백제공격에서 비롯되었다. 이때 신라군을 지휘한 장수는 가락국 구형왕의 증손자인 김유신이었다. 『삼국사기』「신라본기」의 기록을 인용하면 서기 660년 5월 26일 경주를 출발한 신라 군사는 6월 18일 남천정(경기도 이천)에 도착하였으므로 5월말쯤에 군위군 효령면 장군리 앞 벌판에 유진하였다고 생각한다. 일찍이 신라군이 주도한 영토전쟁은 한강으로 진출하는 경로에 있었다. 이러한 사실을 참고하여 660년 7월 12일 백제 사비성을 공격하는 김유신군대의 진격로는 다음과 같이 예상한다. 즉 신라군은 경주를 출발하여 영천, 신녕, 부계, 효령, 장천, 선산, 상주(이천)로 진격하였다. 이 경주-상주 진로(進路)에서 영천에서 선산으로 나가는 중도에 있는 효령(장군리)은 장천으로 진입하는 길목에 해당된다. 이러한 북진공격로에 있는 장군리는 마을 앞으로 넓은 들(모혜벌)이 펼쳐있고 들 한가운데를 사창천이 흐르고 있다. 또한 사방이 산으로 둘러싸여 분지를 이루기 때문에 이곳에는 수만 명의 군사가 주둔(은폐)하기에 안성맞춤의 지형을 가지고 있다. 이러한 이점으로 장군리는 신라에 있어서는 한때 낙동강으로 진출하는 교통의 요지였다. 이러한 전술적, 교통상의 이점 외에 김유신장군에게는 장군리를 택한 또 다른 이유가 있었을 것이다. 그것은 이 지역가까이에 가야의 유민들이 살고 있었기 때문일 것이다. 필자가 이렇게 상정(想定)하는 이유는 가야후기를 나타내는 석곽묘가 장천(면)에 많이 남아있기 때문이다. 이상과 같은 이유로 장군리는 신라군의 대백제(對百濟) 북진공격로에서 꼭 필요한 경유지였기 때문에 유진할 수밖에 없는 천혜의 장소였음에 틀림없다. 이러한 전술적인 당위성과 함께 지금까지 전승에 의하여 ‘장군’이라는 마을이름이 계속 이곳에 남아있고 또 757년의 ‘군위’와 ‘효령’이라는 지명이 만들어진 유래 등을 종합하여 보면 이곳이 660년 여름 백제 정복전쟁을 위하여 김유신장군과 신라군이 이곳 장군리에 유진한 일이 역사적 사실로 인정된다. 그리고 공민왕 때 사공중상(효령사공씨의 중조)공의 상소에 의한 김유신사(장군당, 삼장군당, 김발한사)라는 사당건립에 대한 전승과 함께 이곳 장군리에 고려 말부터 효령사공(孝靈司空)씨의 집성촌이 이루어져 온 점 등을 감안하면 이상의 일이 모두 사실로 인정된다. 이와 같이 효령의 장군리 사람들은 장군당(김유신사)을 모셨다. 이로서 효령신화가 탄생한 것이다. The Shilla Kingdom’s war for unification in the 7th century began with the conquest of the Baekje Kingdom. General Yu-sin Kim, a great-grand son of King Guhyung of the Garak Kingdom, was the commander of the Shilla military at the time of the war. According to the History of Shilla in the Record of the Three Kingdoms, (The "Shillabongi" of "Samguksagi"), General Kim’s forces, which had left Kyeong-ju in May 660 A.D., were stationed on a field near Janggun Village, Hyoryeong Township, Gunwi District in Kyeongsangbuk Province. Originally, the territorial war led by the Shilla military was on the path to the Han River. Reflecting these facts, the route of General Kim’s force, which attacked Sabi Castle in Baekje on July 12, 660 A.D. is assumed to be as follows.Namely, his campaign began in Kyeongju, then moved to Youngcheon, Shinnyeong, Bukye, Hyoryeong, Jangcheon, Seonsan, and Sangju(Icheon). Hyoryung (Janggun Village), located at the waypoint of the Kyeongju-Sangju Route, which is on route for Seonsan via Youngcheon, is considered the entrance towards Jangcheon. Janggun Village, located on the attack route to the north, was well positioned to have numerous soldiers deployed in its wide-open plains (Mohyebeol), through which the Sachangcheon River ran, also in a basin surrounded by mountains. Because of this advantage, Janggun Village was said to be a major transportation point for the Shilla on the way to Nakdong River. However, there was another reason for General Kim to choose Janggun Village as the most ideal army post besides the strategic and logistical advantages. This being the emigrants from the Gaya Dynasty, who resided in this area. In fact, this assumption is based on Seokkwakmyo, the evidence which represents the latter period of the Gaya Dynasty andwas found in large amounts in Jangcheon-myun. Therefore, Janggun Village, an important pass on the attack route to the north, is believed to be the location that possessed great strategic value for conquering Baekje. As well as the strategic necessity, the fact that ‘Janggun’ still remains as the name of the region and that the origin of the names ‘Gunwi’ and ‘Hyoryeong’ can be traced back to 757 A.D. indicates the town’s historicity as the domain of Yu-sin Kim and his army during their campaign against the Baekje in the summer of 660. Additionally, considering the fact that a ancestral shrine was built for Yu-sin Kim by Sagongjungsang’s request when King Gongmin reigned, and the residence of Hyreongsagong family was largely formed during the latter part of the Goryo Kingdom’s period, these incidents are believed to be historical facts. Similarly, residents in Janggun Village set up a shrine named ‘Janggundang’ which means ‘a shrine for General Yu-sin Kim’. That is how the myth of Hyoryeong was born.

선택적 후근절제술의 수술중 근전도 감시방법과 치료효과

김형일,김연희,김완호,김근수,김동찬 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.10

Selective posterior rhizotomy(SPR) has been known to reduce the spasticity as well as to improve the quality of life in patients with intractable spasticity. Twenty patients underwent SPR under intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring(IOM). Fifty-two percent of sacrolumbar rootlet were cut after electrical stimulation. Eighteen patients(90%) with spastic type of cerebral palsy showed marked reduction of spasticity and functional improvement without any complication. The patients who did not respond to SRP had mixed types of spasticity. IOM facilitate the selection of pathological rootlets regardless of anaesthetic level. intensity of electrical stimulation, and individual variability of responses. It is concluded that careful selection of surgical candidates and of pathological rootlets under IOM are important to reduce the spasticity. thereby to obtain a better outcome.

Social investment effects of public education, health care, and welfare service expenditures on economic growth

Kim Soo‐Wan,Ahn Sang‐Hoon 한국사회복지학회 2020 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to theoretically and empirically examine whether public spending in education, health care, and welfare service operates as a fruitful investment in welfare states, which has been implied in the literature of social investment arguments. Based on comprehensive review of existing literature, this study suggested a tripartite mechanism of social investment effect of such spending, that is “enhancement of human capital,” “support for labor force participation,” and “job creation.” To find the empirical evidence, a pooled time‐series cross‐section analysis was conducted with the data of 15 advanced welfare states from 1980 to 2015 using estimation technique of fixed‐effect model. The results confirmed that public spending in education, health care, and welfare service had a positive medium‐term as well as long‐term effect on economic performance, while cash‐type welfare spending had an obscure or no visible effect on economy. Government consumption that is a proxy and control variable of size of the welfare state showed a positive effect on real GDP in the medium term but a negative effect in the long run. In conclusion, this study suggests that reinforcing social services should be recognized and dealt with as essence of social investment strategy.

Kim's Femoral Stem의 임상적 고찰

김영민(Young Min Kim),김희중(Hee Joong Kim),진종수(Jong Soo Jin),문영완(Young Wan Moon) 대한정형외과학회 1991 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

불응성 자가면역질환에서의 자가조혈모세포이식

민도준,양동원,민창기,김완욱,이상헌,박성환,김동욱,이종욱,조철수,민우성,김범생,김호연,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.1

배경: 기존의 치료에 불응하고 예후가 불량한 자가면역질환 환자들에게 최근 고용량 면역억제 및 조혈모 세포이식이 새로운 치료방법으로 대두되고 있다. 저자들은 다발성 경화증(multiple sclerosis, MS) 및 류마티스 관절염(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 등 2명의 자가면역질환 환자들에서 자가조혈모세포 이식을 시행하였다. 방법: 말초혈액 조혈모세포 가동화를 위하여 cyclophosphamide (4 g/㎡) 및 granulocyte colony stimulating factor (10 g/kg/day)를 투여하였고, CD34+ 세포를 분리·채집 하였다, 이식 전처치로 MS 환자에서 BEAM 및 antihymocyte globulin (ATG) (3.75 mg/kg), RA 환자에서 fludarabine (180 mg/㎡), ATG (10 mg/kg)와 busulfan (8 mg/kg)을 투여하였다. 결과: 호중구 수가 500/㎕ 이상으로 회복되는 기간은 MS 환자에서 9일, RA 환자에서 15일이었다. 혈소판이 20.000/㎕ 이상으로 회복되는 가간은 RA 환자에서 9일 이었고, MS 환자에서는 혈소판 감소증이 발생하지 않았다. 비혈액학적 독성으로 MS 환자에서 WHO 1도의 오심 및 점막염이 관찰되었다. MS 환자는 이식 6개월 후까지 시력감소가 남아있었으나, 이식전에 관찰되던 감각이상 및 운동장애 등의 신경학적 이상 소견은 더 이상 관찰되지 않았다. RA 환자는 이식 1개월 후 관절 증상 및 검사소견의 호전을 보였다. 결론: 불응성 자가면역질환 환자에서 고용량 면역억제 및 조혈모세포이식은 적은 독성으로 높은 치료효과를 기대할수 있으며, 향후 이 시술의 임상적 의의를 규명하기 위하여 전향적이고 장기적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: High-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by autologous hemathpoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been proposed as a new approach to treat severe, refractory autoimmune diseases. We describe two patients with refractory autoimmune diseases (one multiple sclerosis 〔MS〕and one rheumatoid arthritis〔RA〕) who underwent T-cell-depleted autologous peripheral bleed stem cell transplantation for the first time in Korea. Methods: We mobilized autologous stem cells with cyclophisphamide (4 g/㎡) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (10 ㎍/kg/day). Stem cells were enriched ex vivo using CD34-positive immunoselection and reinfused after high-dose chemotherapy with BEAM and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (3.75 mg/kg) in MS, or fludarabine (180 mg/㎡), ATG (10 mg/kg) and busulfan (8 mg/kg) in RA. Results: The engraftment with an absolute nerutrophil count greater than 500㎕ occurred on day 9 in MS and 15 in RA, respectively. The time to nontransfused platelet count greater than 2.000/㎕ was 9 day in RA. MS patient did not show ant episode of thrombocytopenia. Regimen-related non-hematopoietic toxicity was minimal. For 6 months since HSCT, them patient with MS had been free from previously existed sensory and motor abnormalities except decreased visual acuity. Then patient with RA and only one tender joint and two mildly swollen joints with improvement in laboratory parameters at one month after HSCT. Conclusion: These results underscore the feasibility and potential efficacy of intensive immunosuppression followed by autologous HSCT for treatment of intractable autoimmune diseases. The durability of remission, however, remains to be clarified.

Platon의 道德敎育論 (Ⅰ部)

金完洙 서울敎育大學 1984 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

분기쇄 아미노산 투여가 흰쥐 뇌 트립토판 농도 및 운동수행에 미치는 효과

김완수,안의수 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

Prolonged physical activity results in fatigue which can be explained in working muscle, that is, peripheral fatigue. However, fatigue can also occur through changes in the central nervous system during prolonged exercise, which is known as central fatigue. It has been proposed that central fatigue is associated with altered brain 5-HT concentration. Increase in the ratio of plasma free tryptophan to branched-chain amino acids(BCAA) result in the increase of brain tryptophan, and then brain 5-HT. The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of prolonged exercise on changes in brain tryptophan and to examine the effects of BCAA administration on brain tryptophan and on endurance performance (exercise time to exhaustion). Sprague-Dawley male rats (200-250g) were randomly assigned on three groups, control group(GⅠ), placebo group (G Ⅱ), BCAA(0.3g/100g body wt.) gyoup (GⅢ). Rats(GⅡ, GⅢ) runned to exhaustion on animal treadmill at a speed of 25m/min (0°grade). The brain tryptophan concentration of GⅡ was higher than those of G Ⅰ (p<0.001)and GⅢ (p<0.001). However, the exercise time to exhaustion was not significantly different between GⅡ and GM (138.83±14.22VS 121.03±17.28). The results showed that BCAA administration before prolonged exercise was decreased the brain concentration of tryptophan but not improved endurance performance in rat.

여성의 공적연금 급여수준의 국가간 비교 연구 : 한국, 미국, 스웨덴, 네덜란드, 독일을 중심으로 Korea, the United States, Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany

김수완 한국사회보장학회 2005 사회보장연구 Vol.21 No.1

이 연구는 공적연금제도에서 여성이 어느 수준의 급여를 받게 되는가를 국가간 비교를 통해 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 연금이 어떻게 구성되어 있는가에 따라 여성 내부의 급여구조는 달라지기 때문에, 연금 제도적 차원에서 육아크레딧, 연금분할, 기초연금, 급여산식상의 소득재분배적 요소, 배우자 급여, 유족급여 둥의 요소들이 어떻게 다양한 여성 집단들-소득수준, 고용단절, 결혼지위 등에 따른 여성내부 집단들의 급여수준에 영향을 미치는가를 국가별로 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존의 노령기의 빈곤관련 연구들은 대체로 한 국가 차원에서 노령기 이전의 경제적 지위가 노령기의 경제적 지위에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 점을 주로 밝혔으나, 이 연구는 국가비교분석을 통해 '연금제도의 구성'에 따라 그 정도는 크게 달라진다는 것을 보였다. 둘째, 각국의 연금제도가 여성에게 유리한 측면과 불리한 측면을 보여주었다. 셋째, 이 장의 결과들은 여성이 수급권을 획득하게 되는 방법들인 육아 크레딧, 기초연금, 배우자급여, 연금분할권 등의 성격을 구체적으로 확인시켜 주었다. This study analyzes the public pension benefit levels each individual elderly woman receives in Korea, the United States, Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany. Particularly, this study examines how each pension element such as childcare credit, pension sharing, basic pension, income redistributive factors in pension formula and survivor's benefits affects women's benefit levels and how greatly each aspects of pension systems in different countries is advantageous(or disadvantageous) to various female subgroups. The main findings are as follows. First, by comparative analysis, the results show that economic security in old-age depends largely on the structure of pension system, while existing studies on the poverty of the elderly tended to focus on the significantly positive relationship between economic status at younger and older ages. Second, the findings reveal merits and demerits of each public pension system of different countries. Third, the results confirm the characteristics of each pension elements related to women's pension benefit

V-2 이동에 관한 고찰

김완종,박상수 釜山外國語大學 語學硏究所 1991 外大語文論集 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the syntactic changes from OE to ModE, especially the phenomena of word order changes and their diachronic developments. The results obtained from the study are summarized as follows : 1. The phenomena of V-2 movement are studied in West Germanic. The underlying word order of OE is reanalyzed into SVO of ModE through V-2 movement. There is complementary distribution between the position of the finite verb in V-2 clauses and the position of the base-generated complementizer in subordinated clauses. Syntactic motivations that the landing site through V-2 movement in main clauses should be an INFL position are summarized as the obligatory lexicalization of the tense operator, ECP, and category features. The theoretical motivation of Koster's(1975) SOV criteria for underlying word order of Dutch is proved to be applicable to the OE underlying word order structure. 2. V-2 phenomena are divided into residual V-2 and full V-2. Residual V-2 sentences are the construction-specific V-2 structures which arise in non-V-2 3angvages, in particular the Subject-Aux inversion in English and Subject-Clitic inversion in French. Full V-2 is the phenomenon which determines the order of constituents in all main clauses and some embedded clauses in German, Dutch, and the Scandinavian languages. In residual V-2 constructions, I to C movement is obligatory when a non-subject is moved to the SPEC of CP, but the I to C movement gives rise to ill-formedness when the subject is moved. On the contrary, in full V-2 constructions, inflected verbs move to C and a constituent of the clause moves to the SPEC of CP. Therefore, no subject-object asymmetries that arise in residual V-2 structures are found in full V-2 structures.

CORBA 클라이언트/서버 구조의 자바 통합 개발 환경의 설계 및 구현

김완수,김흥준,박순규 진주산업대학교 2000 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.7

Today, most of the well-known software development tools and methods faced with problems of scalability, modularity, granularity, and maintenance. These problems result in the fact that these tools and methods are standalone. In this paper, we propose a design and implementation of software development environment for Java application based upon CORBA-based Client/Server model. Proposed model has facilities to overcome a problem caused by updates and its distribution and is possible to overcome problems of scalability, modularity and granularity because it based upon Client/Server model.