Application of 630-nm and 850-nm Light-emitting Diodes and Microcurrent to Accelerate Collagen and Elastin Deposition in Porcine Skin

Tae-Rin Kwon,Dong Wook Moon,Jungwook Kim,Hyoung Jun Kim,Seong Jae Lee,Yunhee Han,Hee Won Dan,Sang Hoon Chi,Hwan Mo Seong,Hee Jung Kim,Guei-Sam Lim,Jungkwan Lee 대한의학레이저학회 2021 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.10 No.2

Background and Objectives: Skin aging is reportedly associated with regulation in collagen and elastin synthesis. This study investigated the potential of combining light-emitting diode (LED) treatments using a 630-nm and 850-nm LED with simultaneous microcurrent application. Materials and Methods: The dorsal skin of female pigs was treated with a home-use device. We examined the treatment effects using photography, thermocamera, microscopic pathology, and histological examination to determine the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of the procedure. A histological observation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Victoria blue, and immunohistochemical staining. We also used the Sircol soluble collagen and elastin assay kit to measure the amounts of collagen and elastin in the porcine back skin tissue after 2 and 6 weeks. Results: Evaluation by visual inspection and devices showed no skin damage or heat-induced injury at the treatment site. Histological staining revealed that accurate treatment of the targeted dermis layer effectively enhanced collagen and elastin deposition. Collagen type I, a protein defined by immunohistochemical staining, was overexpressed in the early stages of weeks 2 and 6. Combined therapy findings showed the superior capability of the 630-nm and 850-nm LED procedures to induce collagen; in contrast, elastin induction was more pronounced after microcurrent treatments. Conclusion: The home-use LED device, comprising a combination of 630-nm and 850-nm LEDs and microcurrent, is safe and can be used as an adjunctive treatment for self-administered facial rejuvenation.

Irradiation with 310 nm and 340 nm ultraviolet light-emitting-diodes can improve atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice

Kwon, Tae-Rin,Kim, Jong Hwan,Hong, Ji-Yeon,Seok, Joon,Kim, Jae Min,Bak, Dong-Ho,Choi, Mi-Ji,Mun, Seok Kyun,Kim, Chan Woong,Kim, Beom Joon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 PHOTOCHEMICAL AND PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.17 No.8

<P>Ultraviolet (UV) light produces an immunomodulatory effect on the skin and is widely used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are a new and promising source of UV radiation. However, their mechanism of action remains largely unknown. In this study, we tested the safety and effectiveness of UV-LED irradiation for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in an NC/Nga mouse model. Mice were divided into seven groups of eight mice each. Application of <I>Dermatophagoides farinae</I> (Df) extract ointment for four weeks induced AD-like skin lesions. Subsequently, the mice were exposed to UV-LEDs, narrow band UVB, or UVA irradiation three times per week. We assessed the immunosuppressive effects of 310 nm (50 mJ cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) and 340 nm (5 J cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) UV-LED irradiation. Histological analyses using hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. In addition, the serum levels of IgE, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). UV-LED irradiation significantly alleviated AD-like skin symptoms, including edema, erythema, dryness, and itching, by modulating Th1 and Th2 responses, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and scratching behavior in NC/Nga mice. These results suggest that UV-LEDs can improve the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.</P>

Effects on skin of <i>Stichopus japonicus</i> viscera extracts detected with saponin including Holothurin A: Down-regulation of melanin synthesis and up-regulation of neocollagenesis mediated by ERK signaling pathway

Kwon, Tae-Rin,Oh, Chang Taek,Bak, Dong-Ho,Kim, Jong Hwan,Seok, Joon,Lee, Jong Hoon,Lim, Su Hwan,Yoo, Kwang Ho,Kim, Beom Joon,Kim, Heesu Elsevier 2018 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.226 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Ethnopharmacological relevance</B></P> <P> <I>Stichopus japonicus</I> (sea cucumber), edible traditional food in Asia, and its extracts are renowned for their wound healing, pain relieving, and cosmetic effects in traditional medicine. Holothurins, toxins isolated from sea cucumber, are thought to be active components for their beneficial effects. However, researchers have yet to outline specific mechanisms thereof.</P> <P><B>Aim of the study</B></P> <P>The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle properties of <I>S. japonicus</I> viscera extracts (VF) on the skin via <I>in vitro</I> and <I>ex vivo</I> experiments and to assess the anti-aging effects of <I>S. japonicus</I> viscera extracts in relation to known wound healing and cosmetic processes.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>The viscera of live <I>S. japonicus</I> specimens were freeze dried and ground into a powder. Aqueous extracts were subsequently prepared from the concentrated powder using a water extraction method. To investigate the inhibitory effects of VF on melanogenesis, mushroom tyrosinase activity assay and melanin assay were performed on Melan-A cells. To further delineate the anti-melanogenic properties of VF, western blot analysis for tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MITF, and ERK was conducted. Changes in collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) were evaluated via CCK-8 assay and immunocytochemistry to determine the anti-wrinkle effects of VF. Finally, anti-aging properties were examined in a human skin equivalent <I>ex vivo</I> model.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In Melan-A cells, VF treatment reduced melanin contents in a concentration-dependent manner. The anti-melanogenic effects of VF appeared to be due to enzymatic inhibition of tyrosinase. In CCK-8 assay, VF also significantly increased the viability of HDFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis revealed phosphorylation of ERK in HDFs treated with VF. In a human skin equivalent <I>ex vivo</I> model (Neoderm®-ED), VF treatment at a concentration of 50 μg/ml enhanced collagen type IV and Ki-67 expression and downregulated MMP-9 expression.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>This study demonstrated that aqueous extracts from <I>S. japonicus</I> viscera are effective whitening and anti-aging agents that stimulate ERK signaling to inhibit melanin synthesis and promote collagen synthesis.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Polydeoxyribonucleotides Improve Diabetic Wound Healing in Mouse Animal Model for Experimental Validation

( Tae-rin Kwon ),( Sung Won Han ),( Jong Hwan Kim ),( Byung Chul Lee ),( Jae Min Kim ),( Ji Yeon Hong ),( Beom Joon Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2019 Annals of Dermatology Vol.31 No.4

Background: Wound healing mechanisms is believed to have effects similar to wound healing disorders in diabetic patients, including abnormal inflammatory cells, angiogenesis disorders, and reduced collagen synthesis. Therefore, reestablishment of structural and promoted angiogenesis could be beneficial to promote wound healing process. Objective: Therefore, we investigated whether the polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) that was self-production in Korea, could be useful as an intradermal injection for promoting wound healing. Also, we validate for wound healing effect of PDRN using healing-impaired (db/db) mice. Methods: In this study, we confirmed the effects of PDRN by creating wound models in in vitro and in vivo model. Using an in vitro wound healing assay, we observed that PDRN stimulated closure of wounded monolayers of human fibroblast cells. PDRN (8.25 mg/ml) or phosphate-buffered saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected once daily into the dermis adjacent to the wound for 12 days after skin injury. Results: Time course observations revealed that mice treated with PDRN showed accelerated wound closure and epidermal and dermal regeneration, enhanced angiogenesis. The wound area and depth decreased at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after skin injury. Histological evaluation showed an increase of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, and collagen fibers in the PDRN group compared with the control group, indicating that PDRN was effective in the treatment of delayed wound healing caused by diabetes. Conclusion: This study suggests that our PDRN has a wound healing effect in transgenic animal models with cells and diabetes through angiogenesis. (Ann Dermatol 31(4) 403∼413, 2019)

Hair growth promotion by photobiomodulation therapy using different parameters: animal study

Tae-Rin Kwon,Dong Wook Moon,Byoung Ho Yoon,Sang Joong Lee,Seong Jae Lee,Jaeho Hwang,Jungwook Kim,Soomin Kim,Jungkwan Lee 대한의학레이저학회 2023 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.12 No.1

Background: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) devices for hair loss have been popular for many years. But most treatment modules are decided empirically, and no objectively accepted parameters have been proposed. We attempted to identify the optimal PBMT parameters for hair growth.Methods: A dome-shaped laser diode (LD)/light emitting diode (LED) module was applied to C57BL/6 mice. Each device had different LD modules in terms of numbers, total energy, and treatment times. Negative control and 3% minoxidil positive control were co-investigated. The 3 mW LDs with 5, 10, and 15 mm spacing were applied 3 or 5 times a week.Results: The dome-shaped LD/LED modules effectively induced earlier telogen to anagen transitions and increased hair follicle density. The effect was greater with decreasing spacing and increasing dose and treatment numbers. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed an increased β-catenin/Sonic Hedgehog expression similar to minoxidil, and an increased proliferation rate of fibroblast growth factor-7 (keratinocyte growth factor).Conclusion: Increasing LD/LED module numbers, power, and treatment numbers may increase the effect of PBMT on hair regrowth.

Human placental extract exerts hair growth-promoting effects through the GSK-3β signaling pathway in human dermal papilla cells

KWON, TAE-RIN,OH, CHANG TAEK,CHOI, EUN JA,PARK, HYE MIN,HAN, HAE JUNG,JI, HYI JEONG,KIM, BEOM JOON UNKNOWN 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.36 No.4

The Effectiveness of 448-kHz Capacitive Resistive Monopolar Radiofrequency for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction in a Porcine Model

Tae-Rin Kwon,Sung-Eun Lee,Jong Hwan Kim,Yong Jae Jeon,You Na Jang,Kwang Ho Yoo,김범준 대한의학레이저학회 2019 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.8 No.2

Background and Objectives The effectiveness of many physiotherapy modalities in reducing subcutaneous fat has been investigated in numerous previous studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no attempts to determine the effectiveness of physiotherapy modalities in body contouring. The present report determined the effect of 448-kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) in a porcine model. Materials and Methods This study investigated the effect of selective destruction of the subcutaneous fat layer in abdominal fat tissue using CRMRF. The effects of two types of CRMRF (capacitive electric transfer (CET) and resistive electric transfer (RET)) treatment were evaluated using regular digital photography in addition to thermal imaging evaluation, ultrasound measurement, hematological evaluation, and histologic analyses (H&E (hematoxylin and eosin), Oil red O, and immunohistochemistry staining). Results Preclinical evaluation was performed to obtain the data for comparison of the safety and efficacy of the subcutaneous fat reduction after applying CRMRF using CET and RET. After treatment, the thermal transmission was effective, and a 42-47°C temperature change was observed in the fat layer while an approximately temperature of 42°C was confirmed on the skin surface. Moreover, after the application of both types of CRMRF treatment, fibrotic septa were observed in the adipose tissue induced by heat at the treatment sites. TUNEL staining was also performed to confirm the process of apoptosis in the adipocytes. Conclusion These results suggest that both CET and RET for CRMRF treatment are safe and effective for subcutaneous fat reduction in a porcine model.

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of home-use micro-focused ultrasound: a preclinical study

Tae-Rin Kwon,Dong Wook Moon,Jungwook Kim,Yun Seok Kang,Jungkwan Lee,Ka Ram Kim,So Young Lee,Hye Sung Han,Sun Young Choi,Kwang Ho Yoo 대한의학레이저학회 2023 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.12 No.3

Background: The demand for home-use micro-focused ultrasound (MFU) devices for dermatologic uses like facial skin tightening and treating forms of skin laxity is increasing. However, the procedures used to evaluate such devices remain underdeveloped.Methods: We performed simulations on ex vivo porcine tissues to calculate the thermal coagulation point (TCP) area corresponding to the applied energy levels. Surface and intradermal temperature distributions posttreatment on porcine dorsal skin were assessed during MFU. Subsequently, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the MFU device in vivo after single or repeated treatments. MFU energy was delivered in vivo to porcine skin at 7 MHz and 12 W to a penetration depth of 3.0 mm under different experimental settings. Tissue samples were obtained immediately after treatment and 14 days later and subjected to histological analysis.Results: TCPs were distinctly observed in ex vivo tissues after MFU. Energy-dependent micro-coagulation zones were small at ~1 mm3. The temperature escalation was linearly proportional to the number of treatments. Notably, MFU treatment promoted collagen and elastin deposition in vivo and induced neocollagenesis in the mid and deep reticular dermis and neoelastogenesis in the deep reticular dermis.Conclusion: The novel MFU energy regimen used in this study was effective in our animal model, and the energy settings used may mitigate unwanted side effects. Our results show that a home-use MFU device that provides uniform TCP and precise treatment can be safely applied to the face and effectively tightens skin.

Efficacy and safety of a home-use multi-energy-based device for skin tightening: a preclinical study

Tae-Rin Kwon,Dong Wook Moon,Jungwook Kim,Hwan Mo Seong,Jungkwan Lee,Woo Geon Lee,Yoon Hwan Lee,Hye Sung Han,Sun Young Choi,Kwang Ho Yoo 대한의학레이저학회 2023 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.12 No.3

Background: Several studies have investigated the effects of simultaneous application of various energy sources and technologies, such as radio frequencies, light-emitting diodes, and microcurrents, as well as sonophoresis and iontophoresis. The current study aims to develop a safe and effective home-use device that utilizes the synergistic effects of different energies and technologies.Methods: Six pigs were divided into three groups (two pigs each): Group A, 3-minute cooling mode; Group B, 6-minute intensive care mode; Group C, 12-minute intensive care mode. The back of the porcine skin was subjected to the relevant procedure, thrice daily for 15 days. Skin temperature was monitored to evaluate the thermal effects of the home-use device. In addition, changes in the collagen and elastin levels were examined through histological studies.Results: Visual inspection of the skin after device application did not show any skin damage at the treatment site. Examination of the skin surface and intradermal measurement of heat after treatment confirmed the deep heat generated by multi-energy sources. Histological staining revealed that accurate treatment of the target dermis layer effectively enhanced the deposition of both collagen and elastin.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the positive effect of using a home-use multi-energy-based device for skin rejuvenation. Utilizing the simultaneous and dynamic interplay of radiofrequency, light-emitting diode, and microcurrent along with sonophoresis and iontophoresis, proved to be a safe and efficient way to rejuvenate the skin.

An Examination of Foreign Baseball Players and Attendance Demand in Korean Professional Baseball League

Chung, Tae-Rin(정태린),Kwon, Il-Kwon(권일권),Kim, Ji-Tae(김지태) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 1980년대에 출범하여 그 역사를 이어온 한국프로야구리그가 리그의 경쟁력 강화를 위하여 1997년부터 도입한 외국인 선수 제도의 관중 동원력에 대하여 관중수요예측모델(Attendance Demand Model)을 응용하여 실질적인 영향력을 검증하고, 그 효과를 분석함으로써 우리나라에서 사용되고 있는 외국인 선수의 선발 기준이 관중 동원력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 분석하고, 이를 보완할 수 있는 제언을 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 도출된 결과는 한국 프로야구 산업을 위한 실질적이고 효율적인 마케팅 전략을 위한 제언으로 응용되었다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 한국 프로야구 연감에서 제공하는 공식 자료와 통계청에서 제공하는 대한민국 관련 공식 통계 기록(2006년부터 2008까지)물을 통계 프로그램에 데이터화 하여 사용하였다. 이렇게 수집된 데이터는 EXEL 프로그램에 수치화된 자료를 입력하고 데이터화 하였으며, 조사도구로는 E-View 3.0프로그램을 사용하여 다중회귀 분석으로 실시되었다. 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1987년부터 유지되어온 8개 구단 체제에서 우리나라 프로야구 경기의 평균 관중은 꾸준히 증가하였다. 두 번째, 1998년도 평균 관중 동원에 가장 유의미하게 영향을 미친 변수로는 경제적 환경인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 외국인 선수의 투구 이닝 수는 평균 경기장 방문객 수에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 외국인 선수의 평균 타석수는 평균 경기장 방문객 수에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.