폐지의 효소 탈묵

윤경동,박성배,박용현,엄태진 慶北大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2004 慶北大農學誌 Vol.22 No.-

Cellulolytic enzymes were prepared from alkaline resistant microorganisms which were newly screened from calcic soil. Characteristics of enzymes and enzymatic deinking efficiency of wastepaper were investigated. The results were summarized as fellows: 1. The recovery rate of crude enzyme was 93.7% in Bio-B and 57.4% in Bio-F. 2. The protein content in crude enzymes was lowest and the thermal stability of crude enzymes was highest in Bio-F. 3. The brightness gain of Bio-F deinked pulp was best in ONP and Bio-B deinked pulp was best in MOW. 4. The reject yield was increased with enzymatic deinking flotation process. 5. The residual ink area of paper was increased with enzymatic deinking and large size of ink particles were remained in paper.

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of ZTO/Ag/ZTO Trilayer Films

Eom, Tae-Young,Song, Young-Hwan,Gong, Tae-Kyung,Kim, Daeil,Cheon, Joo-Yong,Cha, Byung-Chul The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2017 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.18 No.4

We deposited transparent conductive ZTO/Ag/ZTO trilayer thin films on glass substrates through magnetron sputtering, and then conducted intense electron beam irradiation on their surfaces to investigate the effects of electron irradiation on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of these films. After deposition, we electron irradiated the ZTO/Ag/ZTO films for 10 min at electron energies of 300, 500, and 700 eV. The films that were electron irradiated at 700 eV showed a higher optical transmittance (84.2%) in the visible wavelength region and a lower resistivity ($7.2{\times}10^{-5}{\Omega}cm$) compared with the other films. The figure of merit revealed that the ZTO/Ag/ZTO films that were electron irradiated at 700 eV had a higher optical and electrical performance than the other films prepared in this study.

Effects of Gastrocnemius and Lumbar Back Muscle Exercise on Standing Balance

Kyung Tae Yoo,Min Young An,Su Jung Eom,Bo Kyoung Kim,Joon Hee Lee,Jung Hyun Choi,Hee Joon Shin,Ok Kon Moon,Wan Suk Choi,Kyung Ok Min 국제물리치료학회 2013 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Gastrocnemius and Low Back-muscle isotonic exercise on static•dynamic standing balance during the period of 4 weeks. This study was two groups pretest-posttest design. Nineteen subjects who were over 22 years old were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the Gastrocnemius muscle exercise(n=9) or the low back muscle exercise(n=10) : The former group performed isotonic exercise(plantar flexion), the latter group performed isotonic exercise(trunk extension) a total of 18 times for three times per week for four weeks. Two groups also performed static and dynamic balance before the exercise and 4weeks after the exercise. The data were analyzed by using the paired t-test and independent t-test. The results were as follows: As compared with change of dynamic balance performance capacity at two groups, a significant difference was shown in the test(p<.05), but not in static balance(p>.05). Also, a significant difference of balance between groups was not shown in the test. In this study indicated that gastrocnemius and low back muscle isotonic exercise will have positive impact on standing balance.

한국 영문법 학습 교재의 변천 : 영어 교육과정 및 평가의 맥락에서

엄태경(Tae-Kyung Eom) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2015 한국교육문제연구 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 한국 영어 교육사의 사실(史實)을 바탕으로 영문법 학습 교재의 시기별 특징을 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 교육과정 및 입시제도의 구체적 내용과 대학 입시의 기출문항을 교재의 외적 체제, 문법 설명 방식, 연습의 유형과 비교·검토하였다. 분석 결과 연역적 문법 설명, 번역과 영작, 청화식 교수법을 기반으로 한 산출 중심의 연습은 한국 영문법 학습 교재의 전통적인 ‘설명-연습’의 구조 안에서 큰 변화 없이 이어져 내려오고 있었다. 또한 새로운 교수·학습 이론의 흐름이 그 논의의 시기에 맞추어 자연스레 교재에 반영될 것이라는 기대와는 달리 국내 교재에 의사소통을 중심으로 한 의식고양 과제 등이 수록되어 있는 경우는 매우 드물었다. 이는 영미권을 중심으로 발전해 온 교수·학습 이론의 흐름이 국내의 영어 교육 맥락에서는 수용되지 못하는 경우가 있고, 특히 한국의 영문법 학습 교재는 영어 교육과정에서 강조했던 ‘언어 재료’와 같이 문법 형식을 강조하는 교육 정책과 대학 입시, 각종 영어 인증시험의 세환효과라는 또 다른 요인들에 크게 영향 받은 것으로 볼 수 있다. 교재 집필자는 연구자들의 성과물을 교사·학습자에게 전달하는 중개자로서 정확한 학습 문법의 체계를 정립하기 위해 이론 문법에 대한 이해를 높이고, 영어 교수·학습의 다양한 연구 성과뿐만 아니라 교육과정 및 교육 정책에 주의를 기울여 현실적으로 교육현장에 적용할 수 있는 교재의 개발을 위해 노력해야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to analyze grammar learning materials published in Korea based on Korean education history. For this reason, the research focused on why and how the materials were made and used in the context of the English curriculum and evaluation. Deductive study, translation and composition, production-based practices based on the audiolingualism have been prevalent in grammar learning materials. Unlike the expectation that teaching and learning theories would be reflected in the learning materials, new approaches such as consciousness-raising tasks or techniques of focus on form instruction were very rare in the domestic materials. It can be explained by the fact that English education theories have been developed in the ESL context of Anglo-American bloc, so it is difficult to accommodate these theories in Korea where English has a position as an entrance examination subject. Rather, the grammar learning materials published in Korea have been influenced by other factors, such as English education policies focusing on grammar forms, and the washback effects caused by university entrance examination and other English certifications. Material writers should deepen their understanding of theoretical grammar as a linguistic science in order to establish a pedagogical grammar system for learning materials. Also, they should strive for the development of educational materials that can be applied realistically to the education field by paying attention to the goals of the national curriculum and education policy.

영어, 한국어 구어성 담화의 선호 논항 구조 분석

엄태경 ( Tae Kyung Eom ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2012 언어사실과 관점 Vol.30 No.-

The purposes of this study were to reset the preferred argument structure constraints within the framework of Korean language and examine diverse types of texts. The research findings and conclusions were as follows: First, the percentage of two or more lexical arguments appearing in a single clause was very low both in English and Korean. Second, the frequency of pronouns was very high in English than in Korean, and so was the frequency of the subjects of transitive verbs appearing as pronouns. In spoken Korean, the frequency of pronouns being used was much lower than omitted arguments. In written Korean, however, the cases in which arguments were expressed lexically were considerably many, which indicates that the constraints on the subjects of lexical transitive verbs are too strong to be applied to written Korean. Third, the constraint that the number of new information arguments should be one or less was well observed across all types of texts both in English and Korean. Fourth, the frequency of the subjects of transitive verbs conveying new information was very low. The syntactic completion of sentences related to pragmatic characteristics can be enhanced by analyzing the argument structures and then tracing annotations escaping the typical preferred argument structures.

Effects of Gastrocnemius and Lumbar Back Muscle Exercise on Standing Balance

Yoo, Kyung Tae,An, Min Young,Eom, Su Jung,Kim, Bo Kyoung,Lee, Joon Hee,Choi, Jung Hyun,Shin, Hee Joon,Moon, Ok Kon,Choi, Wan Suk,Min, Kyung Ok International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2013 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Gastrocnemius and Low Back-muscle isotonic exercise on static dynamic standing balance during the period of 4 weeks. This study was two groups pretest-posttest design. Nineteen subjects who were over 22 years old were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the Gastrocnemius muscle exercise(n=9) or the low back muscle exercise(n=10) : The former group performed isotonic exercise(plantar flexion), the latter group performed isotonic exercise(trunk extension) a total of 18 times for three times per week for four weeks. Two groups also performed static and dynamic balance before the exercise and 4weeks after the exercise. The data were analyzed by using the paired t-test and independent t-test. The results were as follows: As compared with change of dynamic balance performance capacity at two groups, a significant difference was shown in the test(p<.05), but not in static balance(p>.05). Also, a significant difference of balance between groups was not shown in the test. In this study indicated that gastrocnemius and low back muscle isotonic exercise will have positive impact on standing balance.

일반논문 : 영문법 교재에 적용된 이해 중심 발견 학습

엄태경 ( Tae Kyung Eom ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2015 교육문화연구 Vol.21 No.6

본 연구에서는 최근 영문법 교수의 큰 흐름인 형태 초점 교수법과 의식고양 과제를 ``발견학습`` 이라는 교과 교육 이론의 큰 틀 안에서 분석하고, 영문법 학습 교재에 수록된 발견 학습의 예를 ``문법발견연습``과 ``구별연습``의 두 가지로 크게 나누어 검토하였다. 이해 중심, 산출 중심, 검사 유 형의 연습으로 구성된 체크리스트를 사용하여 1955년부터 2014년까지의 기간 동안 국내에서 발 간된 상업적 영문법 학습 교재 21권을 대상으로 연습의 유형 및 빈도를 분석하였다. 특히 시제 와 태 항목에 대해 교재에 실제로 수록되어 있는 이해 중심 발견 연습의 유형을 구체적으로 기 술하였으며, 해외 교재에 수록된 발견 연습의 예를 함께 제시하여 국내 교재에서는 찾아보기 어 려운 유형의 연습과 영어 교수·학습 연구의 성과물이 교재에 반영된 사례를 검토하였다. 한국의 영문법 교재에 수록되었던 ``문법발견연습``이 주로 문법 구조의 지식에 대한 발문 위주의 것이었 다면, 최근 해외의 문법발견연습은 진정성 있는 읽기와 듣기 자료를 활용하고 문법 구조의 사용 맥락을 발견하게 하는 등 의사소통의 과정에서 다채로운 연습을 활용할 수 있도록 구성되어 있 었다. ``구별연습``은 국내 교재에서 거의 찾아볼 수 없었는데 형태상으로는 선택형 문항 등을 포함 하게 되어 단순한 검사 문항으로서 분류되기 쉬우며, 아직은 구조화된 입력 및 이해 중심 연습 에 대한 국내 교재 개발자들의 인식이 높지 않은 것으로 여겨진다. 영어 학습에서 성공하기 위 해서는 산출 형태의 연습만으로는 충분치 않으며, 더욱이 언어 습득 이론에 근거한 연습이 아닌 세환효과(washback effect)에 영향 받은 검사로만 교재의 연습이 구성되어서는 안 될 것이다. 한 국의 상황을 잘 알고 있는 교재 집필자와 교사가 함께 논의하여 교수·학습 이론에서 나오는 다 양한 아이디어를 실행 가능한 형태로 구체화하고 이를 교재에 반영함으로써 학습자들의 성공적 인 언어 습득을 이끌어 낼 수 있도록 노력해야 할 것이다. In this study ``focus on form approach`` and ``consciousness-raising task``, which are a major flow of recent English grammar teaching and learning, were analyzed within the framework of ``discovery learning``. For this, the cases of discovery learning in English grammarbooks were classified into two categories of ``grammar discovery`` and ``discrimination`` practice. And the application of the discovery learning to grammar learning materials in the context of English education in Korea, was suggested. While grammar discovery practices in English grammarbooks published in Korea were mainly focused on questioning on the knowledge of grammatical structures, grammar discovery practices of overseas materials were using authentic reading and listening materials or had learners discover the appropriate context for using the grammar structures. Discrimination practices were hardly observed in domestic grammarbooks. This practice type is often misunderstood as a multiple choice question and textbook developers in Korea still seem to lack the awareness about input-based and understanding-based practices. In order to succeed in learning English, it is necessary to go through various forms of practices based on the results of second language acquisition researches. Material writers and teachers should try to develop practices and tasks that help realize a variety of research results in the classroom. And they should strive to include and employ those practices in learning materials.

상업적 영문법 학습 교재의 과제 분석

엄태경(Tae-Kyung Eom) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2015 한국교육문제연구 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 공교육 현장에서 사용되는 교과서가 아닌, 출판사에서 발간하는 상업적 학습 교재에 교수·학습이론에 대한 기존 연구의 성과가 어느 정도 반영되어 있는지를 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 사용자 중심의 교재 분석을 위해 문법 교수·학습법에 기초한 과제 분석용 체크리스트를 작성하였다. 교재의 과제를 크게 ‘문법연습’ 유형과 ‘형태 초점 과제’로 구분하고 국내·외에서 출간된 총 20권의 영문법 학습 교재를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청화식 교수법에 기반을 둔 출력 중심의 문법연습은 여전히 대부분의 교재에서 높은 비율로 사용되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 문법연습 중에는 ‘유의미 연습’ 유형이 가장 많았고, 국내 출간 교재에서 ‘의사소통 연습’은 매우 낮은 비율로만 사용되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 ‘중·고등 학습서’로 분류할 수 있는 교재의 경우 의사소통 연습은 전혀 사용되지 않았다. 둘째, 국내 교재의 경우 ‘문법 의식고양과제’가 ‘입력 처리 과제’에 비해서 상대적으로 많이 사용되고 있었는데, 이는 문법 의식고양과제가 문법 용어와 문법 교수요목이 사용되는 경우가 많은 한국의 교육 상황에 가장 적용하기 쉬운 형태 초점 과제임을 보여준 것으로 분석할 수 있다. 입력 처리 과제의 빈도가 낮은 것은 ‘시험’ 유형의 문장 선별 과제나 문장 수정 과제가 대신 사용되는 경우가 많기 때문으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 해외 출간 교재의 경우 단원의 설명부에 입력 처리 과제와 문법 의식고양 과제가 다수 수록되어 있어, 학습자의 ‘주목 끌기’에 도움을 줄 수 있는 과제를 반영하기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있음을 보여주었다. 형태 초점 과제는 학습자에게 양질의 입력을 제공하고 학습자들이 문법에 주목하도록 하는 다양한 기법으로 구성되어 있다. 출력 과제와 시험 유형 과제 위주의 영문법 학습 교재를 보완하기 위해서는 교재 개발 단계부터 입력 처리와 문법 의식고양과제와 같은 새로운 유형의 형태 초점 과제를 수록할 것을 고려할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the results of existing research on learning and teaching theory are reflected in the commercial grammar textbooks. A checklist based on grammar teaching methods is made in order to conduct task analysis of textbooks. The tasks are classified into two types; ‘grammar practice’ and ‘focus on form task’. The research finding and conclusions are as follows: First, despite a recent upsurge of interest in focus on form instruction, output-based ‘grammar practices’ were still overwhelmingly used in the majority of grammar textbooks. Among them ‘meaningful practices’ took up the biggest proportion. ‘Communicative practices’ accounted for only a small percentage of all grammar practices. Second, grammar books published by foreign companies showed some ‘input processing tasks’ and ‘grammar consciousness-raising tasks’, which reflected the efforts to include the focus on form tasks ‘to draw learners’ attention’. Third, although only a few focus on form tasks emerged in the domestic grammar books, ‘grammar consciousness-raising tasks’ were often used. It showed that grammar consciousness-raising tasks would be most applicable to Korea's education system because of the use of metalanguage and structural syllabus in Korea’s classroom. Focus on form tasks provide a richer quality of input in the form of various techniques that allow learners to notice grammar features. New types of tasks such as input processing or grammar consciousness-raising tasks need to be considered from the development stage of materials so as to make up for the weakness of current grammar books which are composed of output assignments and exam type exercises.

"접두사+접미사"형 단어의 형성 과정과 사전적 처리

엄태경 ( Tae Kyung Eom ) 한국언어문화학회 2013 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.52