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컴퓨터 소프트웨어 저작권 보호에 대한 일반인식과 지적재산권 법제도의 개선방향
이성섭,윤종욱,황동주 한국중소기업학회 2002 中小企業硏究 Vol.24 No.1
우리나라는 컴퓨터 소프트웨어(S/W) 지적재산권 보호제도에서 아직 개발도상국의 수준을 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 인터넷 서베이를 통한 S/W 사용자와 공급자를 대상으로 한 조사는 이들이 현행 지적재산권 보호제도의 문제점에 대하여 매우 비판적 시각을 가지고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 그리고 현행제도가 지적재산권 자산가치를 보호하는데 보다 적합한 민사적 방식으로 변화되어야 함을 지적하고 있다. In this research, an internet survey was conducted to collect information on the perception of computer software users and suppliers on the intellectual property right in computer software. The survey information reveals their critical view against the problems in current legal institutions of intellectual property right. Privy filing requirement for the indictment against infringement on intellectual property right is the dual-charactered institution. Its meritorious point is the ensured securement of property of intellectual property right holder when a case of property right infringement is apprehended. The weakness of current legal institution is the reliance on the criminal procedure in law enforcement. Current privy filing requirement system contains incentive effect to encourage illegal piracy. High piracy rate in Korea despite public sentiment against illegal infringement on intellectual property right seems to indicate the unfulfilled improvement of legal institution to protect intellectual property right up to the level of public awareness. Attention is called for efforts to make steps forward from negative stance of staging anti-piracy campaign to more active stance to change legal institutional environment and rely more on civil lawsuit litigation, which enables more responsive protection of intellectual property right accordingly to property value.
Hwang, Ah-Reum,Han, Won-Sik,Wee, Kyung-Ryang,Kim, Hyun Young,Cho, Dae Won,Min, Byoung Koun,Nam, Suk Woo,Pac, Chyongjin,Kang, Sang Ook American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.116 No.2
<P>We prepared dendrimers of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes, [(dfppy–Cz<SUB>1</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(dpq)]<SUP>+</SUP> (<B>G1</B>) and [(dfppy–Cz<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(dpq)]<SUP>+</SUP> (<B>G2</B>), which have the dfppy ligand connected to carbazole-functionalized dendron Cz<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> (<I>n</I> = 1, 2) [dfppy–Cz<I><SUB>n</SUB></I> = 5-Cz<I><SUB>n</SUB></I>-2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridine, dpq = 2,3-bis-(2-pyridyl)-qinoxaline, Cz<SUB>1</SUB> = 4-(9-carbazolyl)benzyloxymethyl, and Cz<SUB>2</SUB> = 4-[1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzyloxy]benzyloxymethyl]. While parent complex [(dfppy)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(dpq)]<SUP>+</SUP> (<B>G0</B>) shows an intense emission at ∼635 nm with a lifetime of 1 μs assigned to dpq-based metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) phosphorescence, excitation of the dendrimers at either carbazole (309 nm) or MLCT band (355 nm) resulted in markedly weaker and much shorter-lived MLCT emission (τ<SUB>p</SUB> = 44 ns for <B>G1</B> and 115 ns for <B>G2</B>) at room temperature. Upon exciting the carbazole chromophore of <B>G1</B> and <B>G2</B> at 309 nm, furthermore, both the carbazole fluorescence and the MLCT emission were very weak at room temperature. It was found that the lifetime of carbazole fluorescence is 20 ps for <B>G1</B> and 62 ps for <B>G2</B>, shorter by 2-orders of magnitude than that of free carbazole dendron Cz<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>′–OH (τ<SUB>F</SUB> = 6.1 ns). These observations demonstrate that both the excited-singlet state of carbazole and the triplet MLCT state of the Ir(dpq) core are efficiently quenched in the dendrimers. At 77 K, however, the MLCT emission lifetime for both <B>G1</B> and <B>G2</B> is ∼7 μs that is nearly identical to that of <B>G0</B> (6.8 μs), and the carbazole fluorescence lifetime is ∼11.5 ± 0.5 ns, which is again almost the same as that of Cz<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>′–OH (11.5 ns). Since the apparent quenching of either carbazole fluorescence or MLCT emission observed at room temperature does not occur at 77 K, the temperature-dependent emission behavior of <B>G1</B> and <B>G2</B> for both the carbazole fluorescence and the MLCT phosphorescence was attributed to the participation of activated processes, that is, electron transfer from excited-singlet carbazole to the Ir(dpq) core as well as from the ground-state carbazole unit to the triplet MLCT Ir(dpq) core. This mechanism was supported by transient-absorption spectroscopic experiments that demonstrate the generation of the carbazole radical cation after exciting <B>G1</B> and <B>G2</B> by laser pulses.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-2/jp2093077/production/images/medium/jp-2011-093077_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp2093077'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Hwang, Tae-Woong,Kim, Sung-Ook,Lee, Sang-Yun,Kim, Seong-Ho,Choi, Eun-Young,Jang, So-Ick,Park, Su-Jin,Kwon, Hye-Won,Lim, Hyo-Bin,Lee, Chang-Ha,Choi, Eun-Seok The Korean Pediatric Society 2016 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.59 No.11
Purpose: Generally, aspirin is used as a protective agent against thrombogenic phenomenon after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) using a bioprosthetic valve. However, the appropriate duration of aspirin use is unclear. We analyzed the impact of postoperative duration of aspirin use on the longevity of bioprosthetic pulmonary valves in patients who underwent repair for congenital heart diseases. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 137 patients who underwent PVR using a bioprosthetic valve between January 2000 and December 2003. Among these patients, 89 were included in our study and divided into groups I (${\leq}12$ months) and II (>12 months) according to duration of aspirin use. We analyzed echocardiographic data from 9 to 11 years after PVR. Pulmonary vale stenosis and regurgitation were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Results: The 89 patients consisted of 53 males and 36 females. Their mean age was $14.3{\pm}8.9$ years (range, 2.6-48 years) and body weight was $37.6{\pm}14.7kg$ (range, 14-72 kg). The postoperative duration of aspirin use was $7.3{\pm}2.9$ months in group I and $32.8{\pm}28.4$ months in group II. However, no significant difference in sex ratio, age, body weight, type of bioprosthetic valve, and number of early redo-PVRs. In the comparison of echocardiographic data about 10 years later, no significant difference in pulmonary valve function was found. The overall freedom rate from redo-PVR at 10 years showed no significant difference (P=0.498). Conclusion: Our results indicated no benefit from long-term aspirin medication (>6 months) in patients who underwent PVR with a bioprosthetic valve.
Light-penetration and light-scattering effects in dye-sensitised solar cells
Hwang, Kyung-Jun,Park, Ju-Young,Jin, Sungho,Kang, Sang Ook,Cho, Dae Won The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.38 No.12
<P>In this work, we have investigated the light-penetration and light-scattering effects in a dye-sensitised solar cell (DSSC) that consists of a bilayer structure of normal and light-scattering layers (LSLs). The LSL is located at the backside of the DSSC to reflect light. The photovoltaic performance of the LSL-DSSC is improved by the light reflection from the layer, which significantly increases the reabsorbing ability of the dye. However, the intensity of the penetrated light was reduced when the concentration of the adsorbed dye was increased, indicating that light scattering and light penetration are hindered by the adsorbed dye. In order to obtain a relatively inexpensive, but highly efficient DSSC, the relationship between the dye concentration and the conversion efficiency was investigated to maximise the light-scattering effect using a minimal amount of adsorbed dye.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The light-scattering effect was found to depend on the light penetration in the DSSC. Therefore, the intensity of the penetrated light was reduced by an increase in the amount of adsorbed dye. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4nj01459f'> </P>
황인수,오재욱,윤성호,김동일 대한미용성형외과학회 1996 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.2 No.1
In recent years the many of yong korean, who are affected by cultural, socioeconomic change, want to correct their facial image as if they tried to overcome their cosmetic destiny. Among the facial contouring surgery, aesthetic malarplasty is one of the common procedure because prominent zygoma complex produce aged and musculine appearance in the Orient. Various surgecal techniques were introduced for the coreection of prominent malar complex, but several problems such as facial asymmerty and difficulty of the fixation in case of the wide bone gap and subsequently insufficient correction were noticed at postsurgical state. We describe a technique for malar contouring involving bicoronal appraoach followed by in situ transposition osteoplasty and rigid fixation with miniplated or microplate. We have performed this procedure on 31 patient with satisfactory result.
Hwang, Kyung-Jun,Shim, Wang-Geun,Kim, Youngjin,Kim, Gunwoo,Choi, Chulmin,Kang, Sang Ook,Cho, Dae Won Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.34
<P>The adsorption mechanism for the N719 dye on a TiO2 electrode was examined by the kinetic and diffusion models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion models). Among these methods, the observed adsorption kinetics are well-described using the pseudo-second order model. Moreover, the film diffusion process was the main controlling step of adsorption, which was analysed using a diffusion-based model. The photodynamic properties in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated using time-resolved transient absorption techniques. The photodynamics of the oxidized N719 species were shown to be dependent on the adsorption time, and also the adsorbed concentration of N719. The photovoltaic parameters (Jsc, Voc, FF and 관) of this DSSC were determined in terms of the dye adsorption amounts. The solar cell performance correlates significantly with charge recombination and dye regeneration dynamics, which are also affected by the dye adsorption amounts. Therefore, the photovoltaic performance of this DSSC can be interpreted in terms of the adsorption kinetics and the photodynamics of oxidized N719.</P>
Han, Sang Won,Kim, Yong-Jae,Ahn, Seong Hwan,Seo, Woo-Keun,Yu, Sungwook,Oh, Seung-Hun,Nam, Hyo Suk,Choi, Hye-Yeon,Yoon, Sung Sang,Kim, Seo Hyun,Lee, Jong Yun,Lee, Jun Hong,Hwang, Yang-Ha,Lee, Kee Ook,J Korean Stroke Society 2017 Journal of stroke Vol.19 No.3
<P><B>Background and Purpose</B></P><P> To compare the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet agents for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke based on cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms. </P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P> This study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, blind genotype trial. First time non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke patients were enrolled and screened within 30 days. Participants were randomized to receive either triflusal or clopidogrel for secondary stroke prevention. The primary outcome was the time from randomization to first recurrent ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. </P><P><B>Results</B></P><P> The required sample size was 1,080 but only 784 (73%) participants were recruited. In patients with a poor CYP2C19 genotype for clopidogrel metabolism (n=484), the risk of recurrent stroke among those who received triflusal treatment was 2.9% per year, which was not significantly different from those who received clopidogrel treatment (2.2% per year; hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60–2.53). In the clopidogrel treatment group (n=393), 38% had good genotypes and 62% poor genotypes for clopidogrel metabolism. The risk of recurrent stroke in patients with a good CYP2C19 genotype was 1.6% per year, which was not significantly different from those with a poor genotype (2.2% per year; HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.26–1.79). </P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P> Whilst there were no significant differences between the treatment groups in the rates of stroke recurrence, major vascular events, or coronary revascularization, the efficacy of antiplatelet agents for the secondary prevention of stroke according to CYP2C19 genotype status remains unclear.</P>