방향성 결합을 위한 광 도파로 폭의 최적화 연구

강기성,소대화,채기병 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

We performed theoretical simulation for directional coupler using BPM program. Simulation results showed that the optimum optical waveguide width and the gap between the guides were 4μm. Using the parametes of n₁=2.25, n₂=2.25, n₃=2.2, gap=4μm, W=30μm, Z=0.1μm, λ=1.5m, we decided other design parametes. Proton exchange of proton diffusion method was applized to pattern a waveguide on a LiNbO₃ substrate.

LiNbO₃기판을 사용한 광 도파로의 설계 및 분석

강기성,채기병,소대화,박정철 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1991 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.10 No.-

In this paper, we calculate refractive index change of optical waveguide and electric field to simulate y-cut LiNbO₃optical waveguide at He-Ne laser (λ=0.6328[㎛]) by BPM mechanism. At waveguide width of 4[㎛], buffer layer of 0.02[㎛] of LiNbO₃ substrate (XI 55[㎛] x ZI 5000[㎛], we observed electric field Ex, Ey in x, y-direction. By applying these parameters of single waveguide to simulate a X-switch, we have chosen index change of 0.002, width of 3[㎛] and angle of 0.4。∼0.6°of optical waveguide and under these conditions, optical beam propagates cross-side at 0.4° When applied switching vlotage of 25[V], optical beam of X-switch turns cross-side to bar-side at intersection angle 0.4° index change of 0.002, wavegulde width of 3[㎛], electrode gap 2[㎛]. By the above results, we can obtain the basis design conditions of X-switch optical modulator. And optical single waveguide is fabricated on the y-cut LiNbO₃ single crystal substrate by Ti-indiffusion method. The line-width of the waveguide was made from 4[㎛] to 6[㎛]that observed single mode at 4[㎛] as a result of propagation of He-Ne(0.6328[㎛]) laser beam.

24주간 추적하는 임상 연구에서 한국인 남자 알코올 의존 환자의 비재발률

강철중,김성곤,남궁기,조동환,이병욱,최인근,최용성,박성봉,제영묘,김현경,김성연 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.1

Objetives : In order to provide useful data tbr the further clinical studies with Korean alcohol-dependent patients, enrollment and non-relapse rates were investigated while alcohol-dependent patients wcre followed up for 24 weeks. Methods : The subjects of this study were alcohol-dependent male patients who, for the first time, visited a hospital among 3 groups of hospitals, University Hospital, General Hospital or Mental Hospital, or those who needed to be followed up after discharge from those hospitals. After assigning 12 subjects to each hospital, we investigated enrollment and non-relapse rates while cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy were provided. Results : 1) Forty-eight patients were enrolled and the rate of enrollment was 36.4%. The enrollment rate in the University Hospital group was 52.1%, in the General Hospital group 50.0%. and in the Mental Hospital group 10.4%. 2) In 48 patients, non-relapse rate was 27.1% at 12 week and 18.8% at 24 weeks after starting follow-up. It was 24.4% and 20.0% at 12 and 24 weeks, repectively, in the University Hospital group while the General Hospital group showed 33.3% and 16.7%, respectively, and the Mental Hospital Group showed 20.0% at both 12 and 24 weeks. Conclusion : These results provide important data for further clinical studies of Korean alcohol-dependent patients.

Zn를 첨가한 고온초전도체 Y Pr Ba₂Cu₃O 의 Raman 분석

강재필,김성재,박현진,노태호,송승기,박영민,전인 明知大學校 自然科學硏究所 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.15 No.-

고온초전도제 Y Pr Ba₂Cu₃O 에 Zn를 첨가(x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20)하여 전이온도 측정, X-ray회절 실험과 Raman 실험을 하였다. Raman 측정결과 다섯 개의 시료가 일반적인 YBCO 초천도체의 Raman 스펙트럼에서 존재하는 다섯 개의 대칭활성모드(115cm¹,150cm¹.340cm¹,440cm¹,504cm¹)가 관측되었다. 이것은 Cu 와 관련된 대칭활성모드의 주파수가 모두 저주파 변위를 나타내어 Zn가 Cu(1)과 Cu(2)에 치환되었음을 의미한다. 저주파 변위 정도는 Zn에 거의 무관했으나, Raman 스펙트럼의 각 피이크의 선폭은 치환된 Zn에 의해 증가했다. 이 결과는 Zn가 Cu자리에 어느 한계 이상은 치환되지 못하고 시료 내에서 불순물상을 형성함을 나타내는 것이다. We measured transition temperature, X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectra of Zn added(x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) high-T superconductor Y Pr Ba₂Cu₃O All samples have been observed five symmetric activity modes(115cm,150cm¹.340cm¹,440cm¹,504cm¹)which exist in Raman spectrum of general YBCO superconductor. This means Zn is substituted for Cu(1) and Cu(2) due to the fact that symmetric activity mode frequency related with Cu shows low-frequency shift. The degree of low-frequency shift was nearly independent on Zn but line width of Raman spectra peaks were increased by the substituted Zn. This results shows that Zn does not be substituted for Cu-site more than limit value and formes impurity phase in the sample.

실험적 국소뇌허혈이 대뇌피질 칼슘결합단백-양성 세포에 미치는 영향

강사준,김재휴,조진호,이제혁,우정현,이기영,배춘상 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.6

To understand the changes in expression of calcium binding proteins(CaBP) during the experimental focal ischemia, expression of two kinds of CaBP, parvalbumin(PV) and calbindin D-28K(Calbindin), immunocytochemically, and activities of cytochrome oxidase(CO) and acetylcholinesterase(AChE), histochemically, in focal ischemic brain of the rat were investigated. Two groups of focal ischemic infarction were produced in Sprague Dawley rats(200∼350㎎): Group Ⅰ. Clip compression of left middle cerebral artery(MCA) for 5∼10 mins and release; Group Ⅱ, Electric coagulation of left MCA for 2∼24 hrs. In the group Ⅰ, CO activity and PV-and Calbindin-immunoreactivity(IR) were decreased in the left MCA territory, and decreased in number of PV-and Calbindin-IR neurons and degree of IR, but AChE activity was nearly same as that of control cortex. In the group Ⅱ, decrease of CO and AChE activities, and marked increase of PV-and Calbindin IRs were noted on neuropil in the layers Ⅰ through Ⅵ of ischemic region. Characteristically pyramidal cells, which did not express the both CaBPs in the control cortex, of layer Ⅴ of ischemic cortex showed PV-and Calbindin IRs in the cell body and apical dendrite. These findings suggest that 1) PV-and Calbindin-IR neurons, mainly non-pyramidial cells, are more vulnerable than pyramidal cell to ischemic injury. 2) CaBP may have some roles in hypoxic neuronal injury, and 3) PV and Calbindin-immunocytochemistry can be used as useful technique in evaluation of experimental ischemia.

한국 노랑 초파리 (Drosophila melanogaster) 자연 집단의 ADH & α-GPDH 동위효소 빈도의 분포 상태와 연속변이 (Cline)에 관한 연구

成耆昌,姜德泳 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 論文集 Vol.41 No.1

본 실험은 한국지역을 위도와 경도별로 각각 35˚∼39˚, 126∼130˚의 범위내에서 1˚씩 구획을 정하여 14개 지역으로부터 채집된 노랑 초파리 (D. melanogaster)의 ADH & α-GPDH allozyme의 전체적인 분포상태 및 그 유전자 빈도가 위도와 경도에 따라 연속변이 (Cline)를 형성하고 있는지를 살펴보고, 그러한 관계에 기후요소가 어떻게 관련되어 있는가를 조사하여 Selectionist & Neutra1ist의 Allozyme polymorphism의 진화적 의미에 대한 해석에 좀 더 유의한 자료로 활용될 수 있기를 바라는 뜻에서 진행된 바, 그 결과를 요약하여 정리하면 다음과 같이 표현될 수 있다. 1. 한국지역의 ADH & α-GPDH 동위효소 빈도의 분포는 대체적으로 다음과 같이 표시할수 있다. ADH 동위효소의 빈도와 순위는 FF(48.76%)>FS(38.10%)>SS(13.13%)로 나타나며, α-GPDH 동위효소의 빈도와 순위는 FS(43.30%)>FF(34.66%)>SS(22.04%)로 나타나고 있다. 2. 한국지역의 Adh & α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도 분포는 대체적으로 다음과 같이 표시할수 있다: Adh 대립유전자 빈도는 Adh^F(67.81%), Adh^s(32.19%)로 나타나며, α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도는 α-Gpdh^F(56.31%), α-Gpdh^s(43.69%)로 나타나고 있다. 3. 한극지역의 Adh & α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도는 위도와 경도의 변화에 따라 유의적인상관 관계를 나타내는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있다: Adh^F 유전자 빈도와 위도 사이이 유의적인 양의 상관관계(r=0.557, p<0.05)를 나타내는 바, 이는 위도가 증가할수록 Adh^F 빈도가 증가함을 나타내는 것으로 해석된다. α-Gpdh^F 유전자 빈도와 경도 사이의 유의적인 양의 상관관계 (r=0.516, p<0.1)를 나타내는 바, 이는 경도가 증가할수록 α-Gpdh^F 빈도가 증가함을 나타내는 것으로 해석된다. 그러나 Adh^F 유전자 빈도와 경도 사이, α-Gdph^F 유전자 빈도와 위도 사이에는 유의적인 상관관계가 형성되어 있다고 해석하기에는 미흡한 점이 있다. 4. Adh & α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도의 위도와 경도의 변화에 따른 연속변이에 영향을 줄수 있는 기후 요소를 분석한 결과 최대 강우량(Rmax)이 Adh^F 유전자 빈도와 음의 상관 관계 (r=-0.501, p<0.1)를 나타내고 있는 변수로 분석되고, 평균 강우량(Rmean)이 α-Gdph^F유전자 빈도와 음의 상관 관계 (r=-0.461, p<0.1)를 나타내고 있는 변수로 분석된 바, 온도 변수보다는 강우량 변수가 위도에 따른 Adh 대립유전자 빈도의 연속변이와 경도에 따른α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도의 연속변이에 좀 더 밀접한 관계를 지니면서, 영향을 주는 요인으로 추정된다. The samples of D. melanogaster were captured from 14 localities in the range of 35°∼39°(latitude) and 126°∼130°(longitude). The Adh & α-Gpdh variants were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Adh and α-Gpdh were considered to have two common electraphoretically distinguishable alleles: Adh^F & Adh^S, α-Gpdh^F & α-Gpdh^s. This experiment was conducted to investigate the geographic clines and climatic associations of the Adh and α-Gpdh gene frequencies in Korean natural populations of D. melanogaster. The results of experiment can be summerized like the following: 1. The distribution and rank of ADH and α-GPDH allozyme frequencies showed the ADH-FF(48.76%)> -FS(38.10%)> -SS(13.13%) and FS(43.30%)> -FF(34.66%)> -SS(22.04%), respectively. 2. The Adh allelic gene frequencies showed the Adh^F(67.81%) and Adh^s(32.19 %): The lowest frequency of Adh^F gene was 62.00% (Kimhae-Gun), the highest frequency of Adh^F gene was 73.10% (Sokcho-Shi). 3. The α-Gpdh allelic gene frequencies showed the α-Gpdh^F(56.31%) and α-Gpdh^s(43.69%): The lowest frequency of α-Gpdh^F gene was 45.61%(Sosan-Gun), the highest frequency of α-Gpdh^F gene was 64.46% (Tonghae-Shi). 4. There were a geographic clines in Adh frequency with latitude and α-Gpdh frequency with longitude: Adh^F gene frequency increased markedly and significantly with latitute while α-Gpdh^F gene frequency increased much less dramatically but also significantly with longitude. 5. The most highly correlated variable with the latitudinal cline of Adh gene frequency was the Rmax: It correlated negatively and significantly with the Adh^F frequency(r=-0.501, P<0.1). 6. The most highly correlated variable with the longitudinal cline α-Gpdh gene frequency was the Rmean: It correlated negatively and significantly with α-Gpdh^F frequency (r=-0.461, <0.1). Therefore, the dines in Adh and α-Gpdh gene frequencies in the Republic of Korea explained largely by more variation in rainfalls than variation in temperatures. The effect of rainfall on Adh & α-Gpdh phenotypes is likely to be indirect.

點鳳山一帶 天然闊葉樹林의 地形的 位置에 따른 群集 構造的 屬性 分析(Ⅰ) : 樹種構性, 種多樣性, 生活型을 中心으로

姜聲基,金知洪,金光澤,梁熙文 강원대학교 삼림과학연구소 2000 Journal of Forest Science Vol.16 No.-

이 연구는 점봉산 일대 천연활엽수림을 대상으로 산림의 지형적 위치에 따라 군집의 구조적 속성이 달라진다는 가정하에 대상산림을 계곡, 산복, 능선으로 구분하고 각 군집별 수종구성, 종다양성, 생활형 분석을 통해 산림 생태계의 군집 속성을 파악하여 산림경영의 생태적 접근 방안을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시 되었다. 연구 결과, 계곡지역 상층의 수종구성은 신갈나무, 전나무, 들메나무 순으로 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 산복지역에서는 피나무, 신갈나무, 가래나무 순으로 나타났으며, 능선지역에서는 신갈나무, 피나무, 물푸레나무 순으로 나타났다. 그러나 중층과 하층에서 높은 우점률을 보이는 까치박달과 당단풍은 생육특성상 상층목으로의 도약을 기대하기 어려울 것으로 추정되었다. 종다양성은 계곡, 산복, 능선등 모든 지역의 중층과 하층에서는 유사한 것으로 파악되었으나, 상층에서는 능선지역이 계곡과 산복지역에 비해 매우 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 수분조건이 좋은 계곡보다 산복지역이 종다양성이 높은 것으로 파악되었다. 조사된 146종의 관속식물을 대상으로 생활형을 휴면형을 기준으로 구분한 결과, 지중식물, 교목, 반지중식물, 아교목, 관목, 1년생식물, 지표식물, 수생식물 순으로 나타났다. 특히 희귀 및 멸종식물로 지정된 금강초롱꽃은 본 연구 대상지 전역에서 쉽게 관찰되었다. Taking account of the structural variation on species composition according to the different topographic positions, i.e. valley, mid-slope, and ridge, the species composition, species diversity, life tool·m were comparatively analyzed fort· the three topographic positions in the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Chumbong area. The results are as follows. 1.Specise Composition : Dominant species in the overstory were Quercus mongolica. Abies holophylla, and Fraxinus mandshurica in valley ; Tilia amuresis, Quercus mongolica, and Juglans mandshurica in mid-slope ; and Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in ridge. Acer p. and Carpinus c. which have maintained high composition ratio in mid-story were not considered to be dominant overstory species due to inherent growth form. 2.Species Diversity : The species diversity indices of mid- and understory showed not much different value in three topographic positions. However, the index of overstory in ridge had smaller value than those of valley and mid-slope. The stand in ridge had greater species diversity index than in valley where moisture condition could be more favorable. 3.Life Form : The total of 146 vascular were observed in Mt. Chumbong in this study Especially, Hanabusaya asiatica Nakai, were supposed to be the rare and endangered species, was easily found in many places. The proportion of life form spectra in the study forest was G-MM-H-N-Th-Ch-HH. Key words : natural deciduous forest, species composition, species diversity, life form.

4종의 도재 수리 시스템용 콤포짓 레진의 전단결합 강도 비교

강백면,계기성,고영무 大韓齒科器材學會 2004 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Fractures in metal-ceramic restorations can be occurred and need to be repaired. The purpose of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength of four kinds of ceramic repair systems (Superbond C&B, Choice, Clearfil and Ivoclar) applied to the porcelain surface and the metal combined porcelain surface with visible light cured composite resin. Twenty samples were prepared for each bonding system(ten for porcelain surface and ten for metal combined porcelain surface). All samples were etched with 8.9% hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds. The specimens were made according to the manufacturer's instruction. After the thermocycling for 2,000 cycles between 5℃ and 55℃ with 30 seconds dwell time, the specimens were tested for calculating shear bond strength using universal testing machine with a 3㎜/min crosshead speed. In porcelain surface groups, the shear bond strength of Ivoclar ceramic repair system was significantly lower than those of other systems(p<0.05). In metal combined porcelain surface groups, the shear bond strength of Ivoclar ceramic repair system was significantly lower than those of other systems(p<0.05), and the shear bond strength of Choice system was significantly lower than those of Clearfil repair system and Superbond C&B system(p<0.05).

압축력을 받는 결함이 있는 구조물의 주파수 해석

姜贊泳,柳擇仁,朴鳳賢,李晟熙,韓秉基 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Vibration analysis of through-the-width-split beams for predicting buckling load is investigated based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. In split region, each segment is considered as a solid beam. In this region, recurrence equations relating integration constants for adjacent interior regions are established by satisfying continuity conditions at junctions of interior regions. The results of present study are compared with those of experiment and their results give good agreement with each other. From the result, it was shown that local buckling phenomena could appear in fundamental mode, however, there exists load carrying capacity after this phenomena.

馬山港 活成化方案에 관한 硏究

姜龍洙,河文植,李相斗,朴起東 昌原大學校 産業經濟硏究所 1984 産經硏究 Vol.1 No.-