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유성웅 ( Sung Woung Yu ),장경희 ( Kyung Hee Jang ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2015 동방학 Vol.32 No.-
고금도(古今島) 관왕묘(關王廟)는 정유재란을 기억하는 역사적 상징이다. 본고는 1598년 창건된 이후 한·중·일 삼국의 역사적 관계에 따라 끊임없이 변화되어 오늘에 이른 고금도 관왕묘를 연구 대상으로 하여 다음과 같은 역사적 사실을 밝혀냈다 첫째, 고금도 관왕묘는 정유재란 당시 조선에 파병된 진린(陳璘) 도독과 명나라 수군(水軍)에 의해 1598년 창건되어, 군신(軍神)인 관우(關羽)와 해신(海神)인 마조(마祖) 등을 함께 배향하였다. 둘째, 고금도 관왕묘는 조선 후기에 묘사(廟祠) 건물의 구조와 향사 대상이 변화된 것이 특징이다. 1598년 정전(正殿)에 관왕과 마조를 모시고 명 수군들의 제향을 받았다. 1666년 정전과 동·서무(東西楙)를 갖춘 品자형 구조였다. 정전에는 관우를 모셨으며 동무에는 진린 도독과 이순신 장군을 함께 배치하여 조선 수군들의 제향을 받았다. 1791년 고금도 관왕묘에 ``탄보묘(誕報廟)``라는 사액(賜額)을 내려 묘격(廟格)이 승격되었고, 노량대첩 당시 전사한 명 등자룡(鄧子龍) 장군이 합사되었다. 이에 따라 동무에는 진린 도독과 등자룡 장군이, 서무에는 이순신 장군이 배치되었다. 하지만 일제 강점기인 1940년 고금도 관왕묘는 훼철되었고, 해방 이후에는 이충무공 유적으로 바뀌었다. 따라서 16세기 한·중 문화 교류를 실질적으로 증명하는 문화유산인 고금도 관왕묘가 향후 원형대로 복원되길 기대한다. Founded In 1598, when the Japanese invaded Korea for the 2nd time, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo is a historical symbol to remember the Japanese invasion of Korea. Since the foundation, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo has gone through continuous transformations as responses to changing relationships among Korea, China and Japan. The paper aims to bring to light important historical facts and argue for the necessity to restore Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo to its original form. First, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo was founded in 1598, by the Admiral Chen Lin (陳璘) from the Ming Dynasty. The shrine housed the war god (軍神), King Guan Yu (關羽) and the god of the sea (海神), Majo (?祖). In their hometown, Guangdung (廣東) in China, these military leaders followed the tradition of dedicating memorial service to both King Guan Yu and Majo. In founding Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo, they applied the same concept. Particularly in 1583, Chen Lin had previously erected a Matang Gwanjemyo (馬塘關帝廟) in Guangdong. This experience offered him the motivation to build Gwanwangmyo in Korea. Secondly, the late Joseon dynasty witnessed shifts in commemorative service tradition, which centered on the architectural structure of shrine, and the target of commemorative service. In 1598, the main shrine housed the King Guan Yu and the Majo. In 1666, the entire structure of shrines changed to have the 品 shape, having the East shrine and the West shrine under the main shrine. The main shrine was dedicated to King Guan Yu. The East shrine was dedicated to the Admiral Chen Lin and the Admiral Lee Sun-shin. In addition to the East and the West rituals buildinges, the year 1713 saw an addition of a small temple(玉泉寺) whose role is today``s equivalent of the guard office. The same year saw the elevation of national status of the commemorative service for King Guan Yu (關羽), the Admiral Chen and the admiral Lee. In 1791, the King Jongjo granted Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo a signature board that reads ``Tanbomyo (誕報廟)``, which also contributed to raising the shrine``s status. That year also saw the expansion of the scope of the memorial service to dedicate to one more soul, the general Deng Zi Long (鄧子龍), who died during the Battle of Noryang. Accordingly, the structure is re-arranged to have the East shrine dedicated to the admiral Chen and the general Deng, and the West shrine to the admiral Lee. In the post Battle of Noryang era, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo became an internationally renowned shrine housing souls of national heroes of the Joseon and the Ming dynasties. But, under the Japanese colonial rule, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo was destroyed. After liberation, in light of the shrine``s value as a relic of the admiral Lee, the Korean government designated Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo as Historic Site No. 114. Currently, the main shrine is used to hold a national memorial service for the Admiral Lee, with the general Lee Young-nam. In particular, this latter represents important historical heritage to prove the cultural exchange that existed between China and Korea.
매개적 인물의 형상화와 관조적 리얼리즘의 구현 : 염상섭의 『삼대』론
유철상 현대문학이론학회 2004 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.21
Character is one of the most important components in a novel. Novel is different from drama in that it bring out the totality of objects while drama the totality of movement. Despite the importance of characters in novel, the actual description of characters, compared with drama, is usually subsidiary and peripheral. We can find in Yeom Sang-seop's Three Generations one of the representing examples that illustrate this characteristic of novel. Cho Deok-ki, the main character in Three Generations, is well known for his irresolute character. There is a reason why he is described as an irresolute person. It is due to his in-between position between Cho Ui-gwan who represents the old conservative generation and Kim Byeong-hwa, the new radical generation. If it tis true that a novel is intended to bring out the whole aspect of reality and the process of its transformation, it will be legitimate to say that irresolute Cho Deok-ki, who symbolizes the diverging point between the old and new generations, is a typical character in the genre of novel. In conclusion, the peculiarity of novel lies in the fact that the typical characteristics are to be presented not just in a character but also in the environment. Considering the title of the work, Three Generations, we might say that Cho Sang-hun, who is not introduced at the beginning and turns out to be a degenerated and incompetent person, plays little role in the novel. In the light ot this fact, it is problematic the fact that Part 2 of the novel, where Cho Sang-hun becomes the focus of events, is disintegrated in structure. It is a structural breakdown due to the loss of the central axis. The absence of Cho Doek-ki's character affects the whole structure of the novel. We can also relate the protagonist Cho Doek-ki's character to the author Yeom Sang-seop's middle-class conservatism. The middle-class conservatism that refuses the change or reform of reality and supports maintaining the status quo contributes to stabilizing the whole structure of the work. When we read closely Three Generations in terms of the interaction among characters, we find os much conflic and trickery but no real villain. This is confirmed in the fact that Cho Doek-ki never shows any kind of affection or hatred for any other character in the novel. In the midst of conflict and fight for inheritance, all Cho Deok-ki does is to observe composedly from a distance, understanding the truth of our life. This is what stabilizes the structure of the novel and makes Three Generations to be a masterpiece of the realism.
The Effect of Communication of Service Employee on Customer Satisfaction, and Reuse Intention
Yu-Lim SUNG1,Hye-Yoon PARK 국제융합경영학회 2021 융합경영연구 Vol.9 No.2
Purpose: This study aims to provide marketing implications for training and face-to-face service employee communication by analyzing how communication by Korean crews at foreign airlines affects passengers perception and how this perception relates to airline service quality and customer satisfaction. Research design, data: The collection of questionnaires for the demonstration in this study has collected 300 questionnaires for about a month for Korean passengers who are aware of the presence of Korean crew on board aircraft. Results: The study analyzed the relationship between the communication ability, customer satisfaction, and reuse intention of foreign airlines. An empirical analysis of the relationship between quality of airline service, customer satisfaction, and intention of re-use can suggest the following implications based on the language and non-verbal communication capabilities of the Korean crew working for foreign airlines. Conclusions: We studied the impact of communication between Korean crews working for foreign airlines on the quality of airline service, customer satisfaction and reuse intention. The Korean crew should also work for overseas airlines and consider communication as important and expand their overall foreign language education and communication skills to have a positive impact on not only Korean passengers but also their own citizens.
유신지 ( Yu Shin-ji ),여상임 ( Yeo Sang-im ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2017 어문론총 Vol.74 No.-
이상화문학에 대한 논의는 이상화 당대는 물론, 1960년대부터 지금까지 상당히 구체적으로 진행되었다. 주로 상징주의나 낭만주의와 같은 문예사조적인 경향이나 저항시인이라는 민족주의적인 관점에서 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 그러나 이러한 관점에서는 이상화 문학 전반에서 드러나는 동양적이고 전통적인 사유를 다 해명하는 데는 한계가 있었다. 이상화문학과 그의 사상의 근저에는 동학이나 천도교적인 사상의 근간을 이루는 내재적 초월의 사유가 자리하고 있다. 내재적 초월의 사유는 이상화 문학의 곳곳에서 다양한 모습으로 드러나고 있다. 본고에서는 이상화의 시적 상상력의 근원이 이러한 내재적 초월의 사유로 파악될 수 있다고 보고, 전통시학의 관점, 특히 기층철학을 토대로 이상화의 문학 텍스트를 분석해보고자 했다. 특히 이상화의 전기적 사실들을 살펴보면, 그의 사상과 사유가 형성되는 중요한 시기인 십대와 이십대 전반에 걸쳐서 천도교적인 색채가 짙은 인물들과 깊은 교류를 맺었고 그와 관련된 활동들을 했다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 그가 제시하는 문학론이나 시작품들에서도 그러한 사유들이 드러나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이상화의 문학평론이나 시에서는 우리 고유의 민속 신앙인 샤머니즘과 이를 계승한 동학사상의 색채가 드러난다. 그의 시작품들에서도 특징적인 것이 ‘하늘’,‘신령’, ‘검’, ‘동굴’ 등과 같은 시어들이 빈번히 쓰이고 있는데, 이러한 시어들은 이상화 텍스트 전반에서 관찰되는 ‘내재적 초월’의 사유들을 드러내는 것으로 쓰이고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 양상은 기존의 논의에서 채 규명되지 못한 부분들로, 동양적이고 전통적인 사유의 지평 안에서만 비로소 설명이 되는 부분이기도 하다. 이러한 논의는 이상화가 1920년대 시단의 다양한 흐름 속에서도 그 시류에 휩쓸리지 않고, 우리의 자생적인 사상이라 할 수 있는 전통철학의 토대 위에 그 나름의 시세계를 구축하였음을 확인할 수 있게 해주며, 나아가 이상화 문학을 바라보는 새로운 해석의 지평을 넓혀볼 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Untill now, the study on Lee Sang-hwa’s literature has been done very widely. Most rearchess have been done in the point of view of symbolism, romanticism, or nationalism. But, through these views, we couldn't find the basic thoughts of his Literature. There are immanent transcendence in the origin of his Literature and his own ideas. Therefor, at this thesis, we found that the origin of poetic imagination in Lee Sang-hwa’s literature is based on the oriental and traditional thoughts. Especially, when we searched Lee Sang-hwa’s biography, we found that he was related to the people who had Chondo-kyo belief. Such thoughts appeared his literary theory or in his prototypes. His literary criticism and poetry reveal the color of Korean folk faith, Shamanism and Donghak's succession. In his poetry text, the words such as 'heaven', 'spirit', 'sword' and 'cave' are frequently used. And these words are used to reveal the aspects of 'Immanent transcendence' observed wholy. This aspect can not be clarified in the existing discourse and is only explained within the horizon of the traditional thoughts. This study enables us to confirm that Lee-Sanghwa has built his own poetry system on the basis of traditional philosophy which is not influenced by the currents in the various ideal flows of the 1920s. In addition, it has a significance in that it can broaden the horizon of the new interpretation in reading the Lee-Sanghwa’s literature.
녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험
장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3
목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.
일부 인쇄회로기판 납땜근로자들의 눈, 호흡기, 피부의 증상에 대한 조사연구
유재영,우극현,김진석,함정오,최태성,하봉구,정상재,박신구,김일룡 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4
목적 : 이 연구는 납점작업자를 대상으로 납점작업으로 유발될 가능성이 높은 눈, 호흡기, 피부 등의 증상호소율 및 노출강도에 따른 관련성을 파악하기위해 수행되었다. 방법 : 연구참가자 146명중 연구목적에 적합한 20명을 제외한 126명을 대상으로 '눈이 가렵고 충혈됨', '코가 가렵거나 파가움', '재채기', '콧물'. '코막힘' , '목이 따끔거림' , '목에 무언가가 걸려있는것 같음' , '갑자기 연속적인 기침을 함' , '운동 시에 다른 사람에 비해 숨이 가쁨', '숨을 쉴 때 쌕쌕하는 소리가 남', '가래가 끓음', '손이나 안면에 가려움을 느낌' , '안면에 여드름이 날' '손이나 안면에 붉은 반점이 남' 등 14가지 증상에 대한 경험유무와 혈중연농도, 납점작업의 건강위험요인에 대한 지식상태 등을 조사하였다. 결과 : 조사된 14가지의 증상 중, '갑자기 연속적인 기침을 함'이 하루 납점시간 4시간 이상인 군아서 4시간 미만인 군보다 유의하게 증상호소율이 높았으며, 다른 증상의 경우 하루 납땜시간에 따라 유의한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 납땜작업의 건강위험요인에 대한 질문에 12.8 %가 플럭스에 의한 건강위험을 지적하였다. 전체 대상자의 평균 혈중연농도는6.05 rg/dL였으며, 히고치는 15.50 rg/dL이었다.결론 : 납땜작업자에게 호흡기 증상의 위험이 높을 가능성이 있으며, 납땜작업의 건강위험에 대한추가적인 연구와 납점작업자들을 대상으로 납점작업에 의해 유발될 수 있는 건강장해에 대한 적극적인교육 및 홍보활동을 필요로 한다. Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of ocular, respiratory and skin symptoms among solderers and to investigate the relationship between symptom prevalence and exposure intensity. Methods : We analyzed 126 eligible participants out of a population of 146 male solder-ers who completed the symptom questionnaires. Fourteen symptoms including 'itchy and red eyes', 'itchy or prickly nose', 'sneezing', 'rhinorrhea', 'blocked nose', 'prickly throat', 'foreign body sensation in throat', 'sudden bouts of coughing', 'exertional breathlessness', 'wheezing', 'sputum production', 'itchy face or hands', 'acneiform erup-tions on the face' and 'red spots on the face or hands' were contained. Blood lead levels of all the 126 participants were tested and the participants' own assessments of the health risk of soldering were collected. Results : Of the 14 investigated symptoms, 'sudden bouts of coughing' was significantly more prevalent in solderers who worked 4 hours or more a day than those who worked less than 4 hours a day, as for the other symptoms, there were no significant differences in the prevalences related to daily soldering hours. 2.8% of the solderers considered the risk of flux exposure to be serious. The mean blood lead bevel was 6.05 μg/dL (maximum 15.50 μg/dL). Conclusions : Soldering may increase the risk of respiratory symptoms. Further invert tigations on the hazards of soldering processes are warranted and solderers should be educarted on these hazards.
劉承兆,高仁玆 成均館大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.27 No.-
The Cirsium genus has been known as the original plant of Korean Dae-gye. It has been considered that cirsium Mackii Max. var. ussuriense Kitaumra and Crisium pendulum Fischer ex D. C., two kinds of the Cirsium genus, superficially resemble each other. In this paper, we compared Cirsium Maackii Max. var. ussuriense Kitamura and Cirsium pendulum Fisher ex D. C. in terms of morphology. That is, we examined length and thickness of stem, and figure of leaves and flowers for external morphology and investigated figure and size of endoermal serectory canal in cortex, types of vessel and existence of pith for internal morphology. We found out that there was a distinctive difference between Cirsium Maackii Max. var. ussuiense Kitamura and Cirsium pendulum Fischer ex D. C.. In order to check the above findings we also used T. L. C. to compare these two types and we aquired similar results.
柳喆魯,金聖中,李公熙,李星龍 全北大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.31 No.-
The harmonics involved in input AC line currents of thyristor converter apparatus have generated such serious problems as burning of power condenser, misaction of UFR(protective relay), and trouble of the automatic voltage controller, etc., in transmission and distribution of electric power system. In this study, we have analyzed the characteristics of the converter for reducing harmonics, which originate all sorts of obstacles. And in order to maximize the effect for the reduction of harmonics, we researched into the following items. A. From the side of reducing harmonics. 1) Optimum value of turn ratio and number according to the increment of switching tap on interphase reactor. 2) Optimum value of control angle of tap changing. 3) Development of new tap changing algorithm according to control angle of main converter. B. From the side in consideration of economical efficiency 1) Determination of the uppermost limit according to increment of switching tap on interphase reactor. 2) Turn ratio and capacity of main trasformer. 3) Turn ratio and capacity of interphase reactor. In comparison with optimum value by computer simulation about the above items, we have made this converter system in accordance with theory, and then proved this validity through experiments. Therefore, we developed the converter of optimal condition which could be used practically by applying this conclusion.
入出力 高調波 低減形 VVVF 시스템으로 制御되는 3相 誘導電動機 高效率 運轉
柳喆魯,李公熙,李星龍 全北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.32 No.-
Recently, the variable speed control by the VVVF system for controlling induction motor has been applied in the various field. But the harmonic which is generated in rectifier and inverter device give rise to the various obstacles. And also the efficiency improvement of induction motor, which is occupied above 80% in the industrial areas, is important to economize the energy because the induction motor has fault that it is the low efficiency in the low load. Therefore, in this study 1. From the side of reducing harmonics in input-output currents a. The reduction of harmonics by the tap changing method of converter b. The reduction of harmonics by the PWM method of inverter 2. From the side of the variable and the high efficiency of induction motor drive a. The problem of lock by the novel PLL system b. The problem of design of the V/f controller 3. From problem of simplification of the system a. The problem of simplification of the system b. The problem of the main transformer capacity and turn ratio In comparison with optimum value by computer simulation about the above items, we have made this system in accordance with theory, and then proved this validity through experiments. And also we developed the high efficiency drive system of induction motor for reducing harmonics in input-output currents by applying this conclusion.
劉尙大 경북대학교 공과대학 1984 工大硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-
In this study ion implantation through any arbitrary mask structure for boron or phosphorus impurities can be simulated. The computer program for obtaining the two-dimensional impurity distribution and redistribution of impurity during annealing was developed. Also the final doping profiles are shown in three-dimensional surface plots.