랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

심정지환자에서 epinephrine투여시 혈중 catecholamine의 변화

임경수,황성오,이부수,이강현,이진웅,임종천,김영식,김선만,김 현 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Background : Cardiac arrest is a potent stimulus for the release of endogenous catecholamine and high plasma catecholamine concentration has been reported during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Few data were present about the clinical effect of high plasma catecholamine and endogenous catecholamine response to exogenous epinephrine administration during CPR. Purpose : This study was designed to evaluate endogenous catecholamine response to cardiac arrest and exogenously administered epinephrine during CPR. Method : In 21 cardiac arrest victims, blood sample for epinephrine and norepinephrine was drawn before and 1 minute after each epinephrine administration during CPR. 1mg of epinephrine was administered immediately after intravenous access and 3 minute interval during CPR. Plasma catecholamines were quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Result : Baseline plasma epinephrine concentraqtion was higher in patients with cardiac arrest than normal controls (985±1627 vs 194±173 pg/ml, p<0.05). Baseline plasma norepinephrine concentration was also elevated in patients with cardiac arrest than normal controls, although statistically insignificnat(1965±4915 vs 360±250 pg/ml). Plasma epinephrine concentration in cardiac arrest patients was significantly elevated after exogenous administration of epinephrine, but its response was blunted after the third does of epinephrine. Plasma norepinephrine concentration in cardiac arrest patients was also elevated, but its response was observed only after the first epinephrine administration. Plasma epinephrine concentration was persistently higher in patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) than patients without ROSC. there was no significant difference of plasma norepinephrine concentration whether spontaneous circulation was restored or not. Endogenous epinephrine response to exogenous epinephrine was not observed in patients having prolonged arrest time over 20 minutes. Conclusion : Results of this study suggests that significant amount of catecholamine is released by exogenous epinephrine administration in spite of high plasma catecholamine concentration, and degree of endogenous catecholamine response influences resuscitation outcome.

단기교육으로 시행가능한 심실기능평가법

김원,임경수,오병연,홍은석,김영식,김선만,이부수,현석천,김영득 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Background: The initial history, physical examination, and ECG assessment should focus on identification of potentially serious noncardiac or cardiac disorders, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and electrical instability at the emergency room. additionally, it is essential to define disease severity, stability and need for emergency therapy. echocardiography is a useful tool for this purpose. especially Doppler echocardiography may be more sensitive and time-saving diagnostic tool for the evaluation of patients presenting with cardiogenic symptoms. So we evaluate the feasibility of the echocardiographic measurement by emergency physicain after short-term course. Method and Results: Twenty volunteers(10 male, 38.8±9.3 years) were included in the study for measurement of myocardial performance index and established parameters of ventricular function using conventional echo-Doppler methods. Myocardial performance index: (ICT+IRT)/ET, was obtained by subtracting ejection time(ET) from the interval between cessation and onset of the mitral inflow velocity to give the sum of isovolumic contraction time(ICT) and isovolumic relaxation time(IRT). The most of mean values of echocardiogrphic parameters were not significantly different between those of cardiologist and those of emergency physicians(p<0.01). The duration for measuring myocardial performance index was shortest among echocardiographic parameters. the validity of echocardiographic parameters measured by emergency physicians was proved relatively good. Conclusion: It is proved to be feasible for emergency physician to perform echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular function after short-term course

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

뉴스포츠 관련 연구의 성과와 과제

김효림(Kim Hyo ?Lim),오원선(Oh Won-Sun),이병준(Lee Byoung-Jun) 한국체육교육학회 2016 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 국내의 뉴스포츠 관련 연구물을 대상으로 연구의 성과, 연구목적, 연구방법(연구대상, 연구종목, 연구기간, 자료수집, 자료분석)등을 교육과정에 제시된 신체활동가치영역별로 분류하여 분석하고 향후 뉴스포츠 연구의 방향을 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 그 동안의 뉴스포츠 관련 연구의 성과와 과제를 규명하기 위하여 총 109편의 연구물을 선정하여 내용분석을 실시하였으며 분석결과는 다음과 같다: (1) 2001년부터 연구된 뉴스포츠 연구물들의 양적 성과는 2011년 18편(16.5%), 2010년 17편(15.6%), 2014년 15편(13.8%), 2013년 12편(11.0%), 2008, 2009년 11편(10.1%)의 순으로 나타났다. (2) 뉴스포츠별 연구 종목 분석에서는 총 46개의 종목이 297회에 걸쳐 적용되었으며 티볼이 44회(14.8%), 플라잉디스크 36회(12.1%), 핸들러 23회(7.7%), 츄크볼 22회(7.4%), 넷볼 19회(6.4%), 티니클링 16회(5.4%)순으로 나타났다. (3) 연구의 목적은 정의적 접근 30.3%, 통합적 접근 23.8%, 기타 18.6%, 인지적 접근 14.6%, 심동적 접근 12.7%로 나타났다. (4) 연구방법 분석에서는 실험연구가 35.3%, 질적연구 32.5%, 조사연구 23.8%, 혼합연구3.7%의 순으로 나타났다. 연구 대상자의 특성 분석에서는 중학생 33.9%, 초등학생 25.7%, 교사 20.7%, 기타 11.8% 순으로 나타났으며, 성별로는 혼성 74%, 남자 8.4%, 여자 7.1% 순으로 나타났다. 연구 기간은 12주 미만 28.8%, 12주 이상 69.5% 였으며, 12주 21%, 8주 11.3% 순으로 나타났다. 자료수집은 총 496개의 양적, 질적 방법과 도구들이 활용되었고, 양적 자료수집(40.0%)보다 질적 자료수집(60.0%)이 더 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 총 54개의 검사지가 사용된 심리측정도구는 국내 검사지 수정 53.8%, 외국 검사지 번안 17.0%, 외국검사지 수정 16.0% 국내 검사지 개발 13.2%로 나타났다. 자료분석은 총 339개로 질적 자료분석(31.3%) 보다 양적 자료분석(68.7%)이 더 많이 사용되었다. 아울러 연구의 성과를 종합하여 추후 과제에 대하여 논의하였다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes, the aims, and the methodologies (e.g. samples, items of practice, duration, data collection, data analyses) on researches of New Sports in order to suggest future directions of researches in the field of school-based physical education. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 109 articles were collected and examined from KISS, RISS and National Assembly Library. These articles were classified into five value domains of physical activities presented in physical education curriculum: health, challenge, competition, expression, and leisure. Results: The results are summarized into four categories. (1) The number of articles on New Sports that began in 2011 are comprised of eighteen articles (16.5%), in 2010 seventeen articles (15.6%), in 2014 fifteen articles (13.8%), in 2013 twelve articles (11.0%), and in 2008-2009 eleven articles (10.1%). (2) Forty six different types of New Sports were applied 297 times, and these News Sports are Tee ball(14.8%), Flying disc(12.1%), Handler(7.7%), Tchoukball(7.4%), Netball(6.4%), and Tinikling(5.4%). (3) The aims of these researches comprised of effectiveness(30.3%), holistic practice (23.8%), unclassified(18.6%), cognitive approach(14.6%), and psychomotor(12.7%). (4) The types of methodologies comprised of experimental research(35.3%), qualitative research(32.5%), survey(23.8%), and mixed research(3.7%). The researched samples comprised of middle school students (33.9%), elementary school students(25.7%), teachers(20.7%), and others(11.8%). The samples groups in the articles were both males and females(74%), males only (8.4%), and females only(7.1%). With the regards to the duration of researches, 69.5% of the articles spent more than 12 weeks in the research study. Major tools of data collection used by researchers were qualitative methods(60.0%) and quantitative methods(40.0%). With the regards to the psychological measurements, researchers used scales developed by foreign scholars(33%) and domestic scholars(67%). Future research directions of New Sports in Korea were suggested with respect to these results.

The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults

Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.

De novo 시퀀스 어셈블리의 overlap 단계의 최근 연구 실험 분석

임지혁(Jihyuk Lim),김선(Sun Kim),박근수(Kunsoo Park) 한국정보과학회 2018 정보과학회논문지 Vol.45 No.3

여러 DNA 리드 시퀀스가 주어졌을 때, de novo 시퀀스 어셈블리는 레퍼런스 시퀀스 없이 하나의 시퀀스를 재조립한다. 재조립을 위해 de novo 시퀀스 어셈블리는 리드 사이의 모든 겹침을 계산하는 overlap 단계가 필요하다. Overlap 단계는 전체 연산 중 비용이 가장 많이 들기 때문에 어셈블리의 계산성능을 좌우한다. 여러 분야에서 overlap 단계를 위한 연구가 많이 발표되고 있는데, 그 중 가장 최신의 세 연구 결과는 Readjoiner, SOF, Lim-Park 알고리즘이다. 최근 염기 분석기술의 큰 발전으로 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 기존보다 저비용으로 대량 생산하는 것이 가능해져 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 생성하는 여러 플랫폼들이 개발되었다. 각 플랫폼마다 생성하는 데이터 셋의 통계적 특성이 다르기 때문에 overlap 단계의 성능 평가 시 다양한 통계적 특성의 데이터 셋이 반영되어야 한다. 본 논문은 여러 통계적 특성을 가진 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 이용하여 위의 세 알고리즘의 성능을 비교 분석한다. Given a set of DNA read sequences, de novo sequence assembly reconstructs a target sequence without a reference sequence. For reconstruction, the assembly needs the overlap phase, which computes all overlaps between every pair of reads. Since the overlap phase is the most time-consuming part of the whole assembly, the performance of the assembly depends on that of the overlap phase. There have been extensive studies on the overlap phase in various fields. Among them, three state-of-the-art results for the overlap phase are Readjoiner, SOF, and Lim-Park algorithm. Recently, a rapid development of sequencing technology has made it possible to produce a large read dataset at a low cost, and many platforms for generating a DNA read dataset have been developed. Since the platforms produce datasets with different statistical characteristics, a performance evaluation for the overlap phase should consider datasets with these characteristics. In this paper, we compare and analyze the performances of the three algorithms with various large datasets.

Differentiation of Desmoplastic Spitz Nevus from Similar Conditions

( Min-woo Kim ),( Ji Soo Lim ),( Yun Seon Choe ),( Jung Ho Kim ),( Hyun-sun Yoon ),( Soyun Cho ),( Hyun-sun Park ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회지 Vol.54 No.9

The diagnosis of classic Spitz nevus with characteristic histopathologic findings is often straightforward, but unusual variants can cause diagnostic difficulties. Desmoplastic Spitz nevus (DSN) is of particular importance, as its differential diagnosis from other diseases, including desmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM), is essential but often difficult¹. A 38-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 6-mm brownish papule of unknown onset on the dorsum of her left hand (Fig. 1A). She did not report any change in the papule size, trauma history, or related symptoms, but she wanted to have the lesion removed. Punch excision of the specimen revealed proliferation of individual spindle and epithelioid cells with scanty pigmentation within dense colla-genous dermal stroma (Fig. 1B, C). The specimen was focal positive for S-100 and HMB-45, positive for Melan-A, and 1% positive for Ki-67 (Fig. 2A∼C). The lesion did not recur after punch excision at the 1-year follow-up. Since its first report in 1975, there have been only a few case series of DSN owing to the rarity of this disease and its under-recognition, except for intermittent case reports^1-3. DSN usually presents as a small red-brown papule on the trunk and extremities. It can occur at any age, but is mostly observed in young adults, with a slight female predominance. The distinctive histopathologic features of DSN―an intradermal growth pattern of large spindle or epithelioid nevus cells embedded in a fibrotic stroma, sparse melanin pigment, no junctional activity, no Kamino bodies, no prominent nest formation―can aid its differentiation from clinical simulators. Additionally, immunohistochemistry is essential for a differential diagnosis. DSN tests positive for S-100, Melan-A, and HMB-45, whereas dermatofibroma is negative for all three³. Hypomelanotic blue nevus shows uniform positivity for HMB-45, whereas DSN shows differential expression in most spindled cells3. The distinction between DSN and DMM is the most important. DMM is more common in elderly patients and tends to occur on sun-damaged head and neck areas. It also shows cellular atypia, strong mitotic activity and Ki-67 expression, less frequent S-100 and Melan-A positivity, and almost exclusive negativity for HMB-45^2,3. Some researchers regarded DSN as an end stage of Spitz nevus that had lost continuity with the epidermis and undergone fibrosis. Paniago-Pereira et al.² also reported that DSNs occurred in patients older than 30 years. These findings suggest that desmoplasia might be an aging process of Spitz nevus. However, Barr et al.1 found no significant difference in patient age, disease duration, or trauma history between patients with DSN and common variants of Spitz nevus, and suggested that desmoplasia may be a tumor-induced reactive stromal induction rather than a regressive phenomenon. The pathogenesis of desmoplasia has not yet been clearly elucidated. Moreover, it is controversial whether DSN should be regarded as a variant of Spitz nevus or whether it belongs to a spectrum of desmoplastic nevus as a distinctive entity^3,4. Some researchers5 suggested strict diagnostic criteria for de-smoplastic nevus, including greater cellularity in the super-ficial portion, and a mixture of melanocytic nevus cells, ovoid and dendritic melanocytes, and spitzoid melanocytes. Further, they mentioned that lesions in which one particular type of melanocyte predominates over others are more likely to represent DSN. Dermoscopic findings can also aid the distinction, because DSN shows dotted vessels and reticular depigmentation whereas desmoplastic nevus demonstrates a delicate pigment network over a pinkish background⁴. Although it is regrettable that we did not acquire dermoscopic image to support the diagnosis, our case overall seems more com-patible with DSN. However, the probability of a morphologic spectrum that embraces DSN and desmoplastic nevus cannot be excluded, and requires further studies. Here, we report an unusual desmoplastic variant of Spitz nevus with a literature review, and propose keynotes for differential diagnosis from its simulators, especially DMM.

면역억제제를 사용치 않은 동소성 간이식 실험견의 조직병리소견

조원현,최순옥,김인호,임태진,김성수,박준희,김우석,김현철,최규택,김진모,권건영 大韓移植學會 1994 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.8 No.1

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.