뇌실외 배액술 관리에 대한 이해 및 업무수행 실태

김정숙,윤미선,송소이,이지은,문경선,고지운,임분남,김경희,박경숙 중앙대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the managing realities of EVD and provide a descriptive survey with the attempt to obtain basic data needed for the standardization of EVD management. For that purpose, 220 questionnaire copies were distributed to those nurses who were working with intensive care units at university hospitals, general hospitals, semi-general hospitals in Seoul, Kyongki-de and local areas. Of 158 returned questionnaire copies, 139 were used for analysis. Data were collected during the term of academic seminars of Neurosurgery Nursing Committee and KICA (Korea Intensive Care Association), ranging from Oct. 26 through 27. 2000. The tools utilized a structured questionnaire form consisting of 21 questions on general characteristics, the level of understanding, the level of work performance, standard management guidelines, etc. The data collected were analysed with frequency, percentage, mean vague, chi -square test using the SPSS 10.0 program Findings were revealed, as follows: For managing the prevention of EVD infection, aseptic technique was found to be of the most importance (48.9%),'the technique should be carried out at an operation room'(92.8%), but it was actually performed at intensive care units (over 51.5%). 'The term of antibiotics use should be less than 7 days' (81.8%), while it was actually executed for less than 7 days (49.5%). 'The proper time of quittance from it should be within less than 7 days'(74.1%) but actual quittance was executed only by 51.1%. 'Set exchange is needed' by 54.0% but actual exchange was implemented merely by 28.1%. 'The subject of management should be nurses' was reflected by 40% but actually 52.0% were carried out. As a result of hating analysed the understanding of the management of EVD by general characteristics, a significant difference was found in the necessity for set exchange by hospitals, in the time of quittance of a catheter, and in ablution items by work experience. The result of hating analysed the work performance levels of EVD management by general characteristics revealed that a significant difference in administration facilities of medicine by the classification of hospitals, especially the use of antibiotics and the quitting time of a catheter by the classification of intensive care units, and in the use of antibiotics and ablution items by the standard management guidelines.

난치성 만성정신분열증 환자의 생활의 질에 미치는 정신사회치료 프로그램의 효과에 대한 예비연구

송동호,배민진,이종호,이홍식,김선경,서호석,김찬형,전지용 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.4

Objects : Recent studies of psychosocial adjustment after hospitalization have found that the combination of maintenance antipsychotic drug treatment and psychosocial treatment including psychoeducational program are highly predictive of social rehabilitation and reduction of subsequent relapse. Two groups of patients with refractory chronic schizophrenia were preliminarily compared to determine the effect of a psychosocial treatment program on the quality of life in refractory chronic schizophrenics in an open comparative trial. Methods : One group(N=11) was assigned to approximately six months of the psychosocial treatment program(including psychoeducation program and activity program such as interpersonal relationship program, social skill training, self management program, outings, etc), in a group format, twice a week and a fixed maintenance dosage of clozapine ; while scale(QLS) was used to provide an objective measure of changes in patient's psychosocial functioning and a general assessment of psychopathology was made using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS). Results : Both BPRS total positive score and the QLS total score, especially in the intrapsychic foundation factor of the scale showed a statistically significant improvement in the psychosocial treatment group. But there was no significant change in both BPRS and QLS scores over a 6-month period in the non-psychosocial treatment group. A significant negative correlation was found between the negative symptom and changes of QLS total, instrumental role and common object and activities scores respectively after receiving a 6-month of the psychosocial treatment program. Conclusion : These results suggest that a psychosocial treatment program including the integration of psychoeducation and a skill training oriented activity program serve as an outpatient treatment modality to improve the quality of the life in refractory chronic schizophrenia. To further clarify the effect of psychosocial treatment in chronic schizophrenia, a randomized trial should be done.

Effect of Inclusion of Lacquer (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) Meal on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs

Song, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Jin-Soo,Shinde, Prashant,Kim, Young-Woo,Kim, Kwang-Hyun,Kwon, Ill-Kyung,Kang, Sun-Moon,Lee, Sung-Ki,Chae, Byung-Jo Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In this study, pigs [n=117; (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc; $64{\pm}0.5$ Kg initial body weight] were used to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of lacquer (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) meal on performance, carcass traits and quality of meat kept under refrigeration at $3{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The pigs were randomly allotted to 3 treatments on the basis of body weight and sex and each treatment was replicated 3 times (13 pigs in each replicate). Lacquer meal in sawdust form obtained from the stem bark and heartwood of sun-dried lacquer trees was added to the grower and finisher diets at 0, 20 and 40 g/kg diet. The experimental diets were fed for 8 wk. Inclusion of lacquer meal had no influence (p>0.05) on growth performance of pigs. Improvement in carcass traits and decreased back fat thickness were noticed in pigs fed diets added with 20 and 40 g/kg lacquer meal. Longissimus muscle obtained from pigs fed lacquer meal had higher moisture and lower fat content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and water holding capacity. Meat from lacquer fed pigs was also darker and redder. The data indicates that lacquer meal can be incorporated up to 40 g/kg in the diet of fattening pigs without affecting growth performance. Also, lacquer meal increases carcass lean content and improves the oxidative stability of the meat.

일 대학 신입생들의 기분장애 유병률과 위험요인

송정희,민경준,박정덕,최병선 韓國學校保健學會 2009 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: Mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder are a major mental health problem in college students. We investigate the prevalence of depression and bipolar disorder and the relevance of risk factors for these mood disorders among one college freshmen. Methods: The subjects were 2,865 college students who entered one university located in Seoul and Ansung in 2009. We used BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) for depression assessment and K-MDQ (Mood Disorder Questionnaire) for bipolar disorder assessment. Demographic and socioeconomic factors were measured by questionnaire. Height, weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, complete blood cell count, and liver function test data were obtained by physical examination for freshmen. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were performed to analyze the possible risk factors for depression and bipolar disorder. Results: With different BDI cutoff value, 16 and 21, the prevalence of depression was 8.7% (male: 7.6%, female: 10.1%) and 2.4% (male: 2.5%, female: 2.3%), separately. 'Low economic status', 'urban birth place', and 'low grade at entrance' were significantly associated with depression. Using the original cutoff criterion, defined as clustering of 7 or more symptoms that caused moderate or severe problems, the prevalence of bipolar disorder was 1.3% (male: 1.4%, female: 1.1%). The risk factor of bipolar disorder was academic fields (art fields). Conclusion: Depression and bipolar disorder are common disease in college freshmen. Therefore, Campus-based mental health service program is needed to help with prevention of and early intervention of these mood disorders.

카드뮴 장기간 투여에 따른 흰쥐의 신장내 카드뮴 축적량과 뇨중 배설량의 변화

송인순,조영채,김수영,박암,손경선,이태용,이동배 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

This study was performed to compare the cadmium accumulation levels in kidney with urinary cadmium excretion levels according to the duration of cadmium exposure in rats. Total 120 male rats, 6 weeks of age, were administered 0.5 mg/day of Cd to subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and orally 6 times per week for 12 weeks. The animals were sacrificed in the 1st day of 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th week after beginning of cadmium administrations. Body weight, hematologic values, enzyme activities, renal Cd levels, urinary Cd and proteins were calculated and each value was compared according to the Cd administration routes. The Cd accumulation levels in the kidney of rats increased remarkably for 6-8th weeks which were experimented and urinary Cd excretion levels and urinary protein levels showed the tendency of increasing with the Cd accumulations in kidneys, especially in the subcutaneous injected rats. On the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation among the total Cd administration, the Cd accumulation in the kidneys, the urinary Cd excretion and protein.

뇌동맥류의 진단에 대한 전산화단층촬영 뇌혈관조영술과 고식적 뇌혈관조영술의 비교

송상현,윤수한,안영환,안영민,조기홍,조경기,김선용,서정호 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.10

Cerebral angiography has been essential for the diagnosis of the intracranial aneurysms but. is sometimes accompanied by serious complications. Resolution of CT angiography was up-graded greatly to represent the three-demensional structure of vesseles since helical CT had been introduced. We have compared 26 cases of CT angiography and 28 cases of conventional angiography in terms of specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis detectable aneurysm diameter. configurational diagnosis and diagnostic confidency. All results showed no statistical difference between CT angiography and conventional angiography. These should suggest that CT angiography could be replaced with conventional angiography for the diagnosis of ruptured aneurysms and even of unruptured aneurysms. resulting in the introduction of first screening modality of unruptured aneurysms.

구강점막에 발생한 섬유성 과증식의 처치

함선영,송창규,박세희,김진우,조경모 大韓齒科保存學會 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.4

구강점막은 흡입되거나 압력을 받아, 병적이진 않으나 임상적으로 뚜렷한 변화를 일으키는 수많은 상황에 놓이게 된다. 협점막과 혀는 치아가 상실되었거나 여분의 공간이 존재하는 부위에서 돌기가 형성될 수 있다. 점막이 여분의 공간으로 압력을 받거나 흡입되어 섬유성 과증식이 발생하게 되는 것이다. 이번 증례보고에서는 구강점막의 섬유성 과증식의 처치에 대해 기술하고자 한다. 섬유성 과증식은 구강점막에 가해진 습관성 압력이나 흡입에 의해 형성될 수 있다. 섬유성 과증식의 치료는 단순 절제술과 원인을 제거하는 것이다. 또한 습관 조절이 재발을 방지하기 위한 중요한 요소가 된다. There are a number of situations where the oral mucosa can be sucked or pressed to produce relatively banal but clinical distinctive changes. The labial and buccal mucosa and tongue may develop protuberances in areas where a tooth is missing or extra space is present. The mucosa is pressed and sucked into theses paces, thus leading to the development of a fibrous hyperplasia. This case report describes the management of fibrous hyperplasia in oral mucosa. Fibrous hyperplasia can be formed by habitual pressure or suction in oral mucosa. Treatment of fibrous hyperplasia consists of simple excision and, if feasible, elimination of the cause. And habit control is a important factor for preventing recurrence.

중・고등학교 음악교사의 직무만족도(Job Satisfaction)에 관한 조사연구 : 서울시 소재 일반계 중・고등학교 음악교사를 대상으로

장선희,송은경 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2002 교과교육학연구 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 일반계 중・고등학교 음악교사의 직무만족도를 조사하여 그들의 직무에 대한 만족 및 불만족요인을 살펴보고, 이를 통해 직무만족도 향상에 필요한 요인들을 파악함으로써 음악교사의 직무환경 개선과 음악교육의 질적 향상을 위한 방향을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울시내 11개 교육청이 관할하는 일반계 중・고등학교 음악교사 201명을 대상으로 그들의 배경과 직무실태를 살펴보고, 음악교사의 직무만족도를 개인적 측면(인정지위, 담당직무), 사회관계적 측면(교장 및 교감, 동료교사, 학생, 학부모와의 관계), 환경적 측면(근무환경, 보상체제) 그리고 전문성 신장 측면(연수 및 연구활동, 상위자격 및 학위취득활동)에서의 직무만족도 등 네 가지 측면으로 세분하여 설문조사를 통하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 음악교사의 직무만족도는 5점 척도에서 전체평균 3.03으로 보통보다 만족하는 경향을 보였으며, 네 가지 측면 중 개인적 측면에 대한 직무만족도는 평균 3.48로 가장 높게, 환경적 측면에 대한 직무만족도는 평균 2.50으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 대부분의 음악교사는 전공을 살리면서 학생들을 가르치는 일 자체를 선호하기 때문에 음악교사라는 직업을 선택하였고, 직무환경에 있어서는 교사 1인당 학생수와 주당 수업시수에 불만을 갖고 있었다. 또한 음악교사들은 전공실기와 즉흥연주 그리고 음악교육이론을 가장 중요한 음악적 지식 및 기술영역으로 인식하였고, 전문성 신장을 위해 음악관련서적을 읽고 학회 및 세미나 등에 참여하는 재교육 활동과 그에 따른 재정지원은 부족한 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 하여 볼 때 음악교사의 직무만족에 가장 큰 요인은 음악교육을 통한 학생과의 정서적 교감과 교사로서의 성취감 등이며, 열악한 교육환경과 근무부담 등이 직무만족을 저해하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 학교 및 행정당국은 음악교육환경의 개선과 함께, 잡무부담의 경감 그리고 학교급별로 적정한 주당 수업시수를 정하여 밀도 있는 수업을 진행할 수 있도록 근무여건을 개선하고, 음악교사에 대한 복지 증진을 위한 노력이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 결국, 교사를 위하여 적정한 근무여건을 마련하고 교사로서의 직무에 만족하는 긍정적인 태도를 형성하며, 교사들에게 높은 직무동기를 부여한다면 직무수행 수준의 향상뿐만 아니라 궁극적으로는 학교교육의 발전을 가져올 것으로 기대한다. This study examined the job satisfaction of music teachers at the junior high and senior high schools in Seoul, for reform of working conditions and the improvement of music education. Surveys were conducted of 201 music teachers in randomly selected schools in 11 District Offices of Education in Seoul. Statistical treatment was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for the frequency and percentage of each question, involving t-tests, correlative analysis and One-way ANOVA for four aspects of the individual, social relations, circumstances and professional advancement. This questionnaire was classified both as an object of the study and in job satisfaction. An object of the study was also classified according to personal background and working conditions. And teachers' job satisfaction was measured by examining: (1) the individual (recognition, work itself); (2) social relations (interaction with administrators, colleagues, students and parents of students); (3) circumstances (working condition, salary and the other benefits); and, (4) professional development. The age of the sampled teachers was 40-49' with other demographic characteristics as follows: Most female teachers had between 15 and 19 years of teaching experience, and most male teachers had over 20 years. Teachers were divided almost equally in their responses to the Academic Degrees question. In the sample, 60% had Bachelors Degrees, the rest of them had either Masters Degrees or in were Masters programs. The majority of male teachers were in voice or strings' compared to female teachers who had major in composition, voice, piano and music education. Samples reported negative results for lesson time. In-service education' like seminars, workshops and joining in music organization for their profession, were insufficient. Among the reported positive aspects of teaching were fostering student achievements and building relationships with students. In conclusion, we ought to improve teacher job satisfaction by systematic planning to effect and enhance teachers’job satisfaction. Teacher-educational programs are needed to develop professionalism among teachers. Administrators may be able to use the model to identify potential teacher dissatisfaction and related variables' and to change or modify working conditions that may influence teachers' job satisfaction.

濟州道 겨울 作物(채소류)의 流通 및 對日 輸出增大에 대한 硏究

姜景璿,宋昌吉 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

(1) The mean atmospheric timperature of Jeju area is higher than that of Seoul by 3'c and in the coldest month by 8'c, so Jeju-do is regarded as important place to cultivate subtropical plants. Such a natural state has accelerated the crop production suitable to warm region front time immemorial. Jeju-do has become a main producing district of tingerines, sweet potatos, barleys and rapes since the beginning of 1960's and Jeju-do's latest main products are wintering vegetables such as cabbages, carrots, garlics and onions. Such a term favorable to an off-crop season is developing Truck Farming. (2) A milder winter causes us to save petroleum needed to cultivate plants under vinyl plastic hot houses, where some 200cc of petroleum is needed to cultivate a tomato, some 100cc to cultivate a cucumber, some 18cc to cultivate a melon, some 200cc to cultivate a tangerine, and some 50-60cc to cultivate an eggplant. (3) A case study on sales method of carrots, garlics and cabbagges shows that 64-60% of farmers sell out a crop estimate on vegetable garden before harvesting. (4) A case study on distribution margin shows that gross margin rate is 66.2% in carrots, 77.2% in cabbages and 53.6% in garlics, and the income rate of above-mentioned products in a farmhouse is 33.8%, 22.8% and 46.4% respectively, while transporting expenses…cabbages (23.2%), carrots (12.1%) and garlics (8.7%)…are given much more weight than any other expense. (5) Japan limitted the total output of vegetables with 16 million ton of vegetables in 600,000 ha of vegetable culture area to keep the change of demand safe in 1979, but the increase of vegetable culture area, both by changing rice fields and by the propensity to consume energy, is becoming primary factors in the alteration of vegetable product stucture. (6) The amount of annual vege table consumption per headof population has changed into 110kg, and the vegetables consumed over 5kg are cabbages, onions and radishes and sweet potatos. Cucumbers are staying between 4kg and 5kg. The present propensity to consume vegetables represents multiformity, annual plants and high-grade food, with western vegetables as the central one. (7) The amout of Jepanese in agricultural, forestry and marine fields came up to $ 29,055, 000,000 in 1980. The income amount in agricultural products reaches $ 14,911,000,000 wich is equal to 51.3% of total. The income amount in fruits and vege tables reaches $ 1,420,000,000 which is equal to 95%, America holds the foremost place as importer Country of agricultural and marine producss and Taiwan the sixth place, but Korea fakes 11th place, earning $ 738,000,000 annually. The income amount from Korea in agricutural comes up to $ 152,000,000. (8) The income amount of vegetables in Japan reached $ 107,800,000,000, and the change of vegetable income (1965-1978) tells that income amount has increased the quantity by 17 times. Main articles of vegetables are frozen vegetables and salted ones. (9) No importer countries surpass America and Taiwan. The export share of fish and vegetables in Taiwan and Korea shows that Taiwan exports 24.3% of total Japanese import (2nd position) , while Korea does 2.8% (5th position). For frozen vegetables, America holds the first position, exporting 48.6% and Taiwan the 2nd position, exporting 31.4% , while for dried vegetables, Taiwan holds the first position, exporting 42.9% and Korea 5th position, exporting 2,8%. Also, for salted vegetables Taiwan exports 63.4% (1st) and Korea 3.1% (3rd), while for prepared vegetables, Taiwan exports 78% (nst) , and Korea 2% (5th). (10) The agricultural effort amount of Korea came up to $182,000,000 which corresponded to 0.9% of total export, $20,993,000,000, while the export amount of Jeju-do reached $ 593,000, corresponding to 0.3%. The raw silks of Korean agricultural products in 1975 were main export articles, corresponding to 58% of total agricultural products, but they are remarkably decreasing into 14.3%. The vegetable export share was 2.2% in 1975, but 11.8 percent increase in 1981 is a characteristic found only in the vegetable export. Thus, the fact that vegetables are given much weight in the export structure of agricultural products shows an important change and the probablility to develope in the future. Therefore, in the aspect of vegetable export, diversified studies are needed to prepare good vegetable-producing center and to foster special artfole like dried, salted, frozen, and manufactured vegetables.

심근 허혈-재관류 백서 모델에서 mitogen-activated protein kinase 활성화에 대한 α-lipoic acid의 효과

김연경,박은미,최준호,윤경호,유남진,이은미,김남호,정진원,김민선,박병림,오석규 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2006 圓光醫科學 Vol.21 No.1