Near-Infrared Spectral Characteristics in Presence of Sun Glint Using CASI-1500 Data in Shallow Waters

( Joo Young Jeon ),( Sun Hwa Kim ),( Chan Su Yang ) 대한원격탐사학회 2015 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Sun glint correction methods of hyperspectral data that have been developed so far have not considered the various situations and are often adequate for only certain conditions. Also there is an inaccurate assumption that the signal in NIR wavelength is zero. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the NIR spectral properties of sun glint effect in coastal waters. For the analysis, CASI-1500 airborne hyperspectral data, bathymetry data and in-situ data obtained at coastal area near Sin-Cheon, Jeju Island, South Korea were used. The spectral characteristics of radiance and reflectance at the five NIR wavelengths (744 nm, 758 nm, 772 nm, 786 nm, and 801 nm) are analyzed by using various statistics, spatial and spectral variation of sun-glinted area under conditions of the bottom types of benthos, barren rocks and sand with similar water depth. Through the quantitative analysis, we found that the relation of water depth or bottom type with sun glint is relatively less which is a similar result with the previous studies. However the sun glint are distributed similarly with the patterns of the direction of wave propagation. It is confirmed that the areas with changed direction of wave propagation were not affected by the sun glint. The spatial and spectral variations of radiance and reflectance are mainly caused by the effect of sun glint and waves. The radiance or reflectance of more sun-glinted areas are increased approximately 1.5 times and the standard deviations are also increased three times compared to the less sun glinted areas. Through this study, the further studies of sun glint correction method in coastal water using the patterns of wave propagation and diffraction will be placed.

혈관 생성 억제 제를 투여한 신생마우스 폐 조직에서 Retinoic acid의 세포자멸사의 억제

주선영 ( Sun Young Ju ),조경아 ( Kyoung Ah Cho ),유경하 ( Kyung Ha Ryu ),우소연 ( So Youn Woo ),박은애 ( Eun Ae Park ),조수진 ( Su Jin Cho ) 대한주산의학회 2008 Perinatology Vol.19 No.1

목적: Retinoic acid는 폐포 재생에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있어서 미숙아의 기관지폐이형성중의 예방에 사용되고 있다. 기관지폐이형성중의 병태생리는 미숙한 폐의 내피세포와 외피세포의 세포자멸사를 일으킴과 관련이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서 VEGFR2 억제가 신생 폐에서 세포자멸사를 증가시키는지, 또 retinoic acid의 투여가 본 폐 발달 억제 동물모형에서 세포자멸사를 억제하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: VEGFR2 억제제인 SU1498을 생후3일된 마우스에 주사하고, 폐포발달이 이루어지는 그 후 10일간 retinoic acid나 위약을 주사하였다. 형태학적인 분석을 하였고, 세표자멸사를 비교분석하기 위해서 TUNEL 염색과 Annexin V을 표지자로 FACS출 시행하였다. 자멸사한 세포를 확인하기 위해서 동일초점 현미경으로 분석하였다. 결과: SU1498를 주사한 마우스에서 폐포면적과 평균폐포용적이 의미 있게 감소하였다. 세포자멸사도 약 3배 의미 있게 증가하였다. 자멸사한 세포는 내피세포와 상피세포에 분포하였다. Retinoic acid를 주사한 약 50%의 세포자멸사가 감소하였고, 형태학적으로 정상에 가까운 폐포 발달이 유지되었다. 결론: VEGFR2 억제를 하면 내피세포와 상피세포의 세포자멸사가 증가되면서 폐 발달이 저해되었다. 이어서 retinoic acid를 주사하면 세포자멸사가 억제되어 폐 발달유지에 도움이 되었다. 이러한 retinoic acid에 의한 세포자멸사의 억제가 기관지폐이형성증 예방에 기여할 것으로 추정된다. Background: Retinoic acid is known to play a role in alveolar regeneration and is used in the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Many factors involved in the pathogenesis of BPD induce apoptosis of the endothelium and epithelium of the premature lung. We hypothesized that VEGFR2 inhibition would increase apoptosis in the newborn lung and retinoic acid would decrease apoptosis in our model of inhibited lung growth. Material and Methods: SU1498, a VEGFR2 inhibitor or vehicle was given to three-day-old mice. Subsequent retinoic acid or vehicle injection was given for ten days for the duration of alveolarization. Morphometric analyses were performed. Apoptosis was assessed with TUNEL staining and Annexin V staining. Co-localization of apoptotic cells with endothelial and epithelial cells was performed. Results: SUI498 injection reduced alveolar surface area and mean alveolar volume in newborn mice. Apoptosis was increased by three-fold in SU1498 injected mice. Apoptotic cells co-localized to endothelial and epithelial cells. Retinoic acid significantly reduced the degree of apoptosis by 50% in SU1498 injected mice and maintained lung development. Conclusion: VEGFR2 inhibition caused an arrest in lung development accompanied by an increase in apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells of the neonatal lung in mice. Subsequent retinoic acid treatment reduced apoptosis and we speculate that retinoic acid may preserve lung growth in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by inhibiting apoptosis in the neonatal lung.

연안해역 모니터링을 위한 초분광영상 처리기법 현황

김선화 ( Sun Hwa Kim ),양찬수 ( Chan Su Yang ) 한국지리정보학회 2015 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구에서는 초분광영상의 국내 연안 활용 범위 확대 및 정확성 향상을 위해, 국외 연안지역에 대한 항공기 및 위성 탑재 초분광영상의 다양한 처리 기법을 소개한다. 육상과 달리, 가시광선 영역에서 미세한 반사율을 보이는 해양의 경우 보다 정밀한 대기보정이 요구된다. 이와 함께, 태양-해수면-센서의 기하학적 특징으로 나타나는 태양광 정반사(sun-glint)와 같은 이상 현상을 제거하기 위한 다양한 기법도 개발되어 왔다. 대기 및 정반사 보정된 초분광영상은 연안지역의 수심추정과 산호와 같은 저서 생물 및 해저면 종류 분류, 저서 생물 상태 모니터링에 활용되는데, 주로 복사전달모델과 분광라이브러리에 기반을 둔 반분석적 기법을 사용한다. 이는 초분광영상의 많은 분광 정보를 활용하는 방법으로, 실험적 모델을 적용하는 다중분광자료에 비해 상대적으로 정확도가 높다. 광학영상의 해양활용에서 있어 수심 및 수질은 매우 중요한 제약점으로, 특히 복사전달모델에 기반을 둔 분석에 따르면 초분광영상은 최대 25m까지 수심측정이나 해저면 분류가 가능하다고 하나, 실제 많은 연구에서 항공기 및 위성 탑재 초분광영상은 수심 10m 이내의 연안지역에서 활용되고 있다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 국내 연안지역의 초분광영상자료의 정확하고 정량적인 연안 활용을 위해서는 최대 탐지 가능한 수심 및 수질조건 등에 대한 분석이 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 국내 연안지역에 대해 분류 가능한 저서 생물과 해저면의 분류 및 분광라이 브러리 구축의 필요성을 제시하였다. In this study, we introduce various hyperspectral data processing techniques for the monitoring of shallow and coastal waters to enlarge the application range and to improve the accuracy of the end results in Korea. Unlike land, more accurate atmospheric correction is needed in coastal region showing relatively low reflectance in visible wavelengths. Sun-glint which occurs due to a geometry of sun-sea surface-sensor is another issue for the data processing in the ocean application of hyperspectal imagery. After the preprocessing of the hyperspectral data, a semi-analytical algorithm based on a radiative transfer model and a spectral library can be used for bathymetry mapping in coastal area, type classification and status monitoring of benthos or substrate classification. In general, semi-analytical algorithms using spectral information obtained from hyperspectral imagey shows higher accuracy than an empirical method using multispectral data. The water depth and quality are constraint factors in the ocean application of optical data. Although a radiative transfer model suggests the theoretical limit of about 25m in depth for bathymetry and bottom classification, hyperspectral data have been used practically at depths of up to 10 m in shallow and coastal waters. It means we have to focus on the maximum depth of water and water quality conditions that affect the coastal applicability of hyperspectral data, and to define the spectral library of coastal waters to classify the types of benthos and substrates.

Flexural Responses of Prestressed Hybrid Wide Flange Composite Girders

Sun?Jin Han,Deuck Hang Lee,Jae?Yuel Oh,Seung?Ho Choi,Kang Su Kim 한국콘크리트학회 2018 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.12 No.5

In this study, prestressed hybrid wide flange (PHWF) composite girders were proposed, and full-scale flexural tests were conducted to evaluate their structural performances. This new proposed girder system was developed and designed to effectively resist external loads considering the actual construction sequences. Two specimens with and without shear connectors were fabricated and tested to examine the effect of the shear connectors for achieving the fully-composite behaviors between a cast-in-place (CIP) concrete and the prefabricated prestressed steel–concrete composite girder. The test results showed that sufficient flexural strengths and deformation capacities can be obtained in both types of PHWF composite girders with and without shear connectors. To reflect the actual construction stages of the proposed PHWF composite girder, nonlinear flexural analyses were proposed considering the prestress effect and segmental effect before and after composite with the CIP concrete, respectively. The observed and analysis results of strain behaviors of the PHWF girder specimens were also compared and discussed in detail.

Claudin-1 expression decreases with increasing pathologic grade in actinic keratosis and may be used as a marker of high-risk actinic keratosis

( Ji Su Lee ),( Hyun-sun Park ),( Hyun-sun Yoon ),( Soyun Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common sun-induced skin disorder of importance for the progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. However, there is still no good way to predict high risk AK. Objectives: To identify markers which reflect the biologic behavior of AK and to understand the pathogenesis of AK Methods: A total of 52 patients with AK and site-matched 17 normal controls were included. We evaluated solar elastosis and immunohistochemical features using the following antibodies: p53, vitamin D receptor (VDR), claudin-1, and Langerin. Results: Solar elastosis increased and Langerhans cell (LC) density decreased with aging in both patients and controls. Solar elastosis and p53 expression were higher and VDR expression was lower in patients than controls; however, they showed no statistical difference in relation to the pathologic grade of AK. Claudin-1 expression gradually decreased from normal control to severe AK and decreased in the areas with epidermal atypia. LC density in severe AK was significantly lower than in normal control and mild AK; no difference in LC density was seen among control, mild AK and moderate AK. Conclusion: Claudin-1 can be a useful marker of pathologic severity of AK. In contrast, p53 increases and VDR decreases in AK not in gradual manner but in the early steps of carcinogenesis. LC density is relatively maintained in AK until it reaches severe dysplasia.

Fabrication and evaluation of SU-8 based wireless pressure sensor

Gang-Hyeon Sun(선강현),Dong-Su Kim(김동수),Dong-weon Lee(이동원) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

In the recent years, the development of wireless sensors has attracted attention, with the development of MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System) technology. The pressure sensor, one of the wireless sensor, is a device that measures the applied force, pressure, by a liquid or gas on a surface and translates it to the electrical signal. We fabricate this sensor based on capacitive type which measures change in capacitance with two metal plates. One of the two capacitor plates acts as the diaphragm that is displaced by the pressure, changing the capacitance of the circuit. Variation of signal detected by network analyzer evaluates the resonance frequency and phase shift with different interrogate distance and pressure force. [그림 본문 참조]

반코마이신 내성 장내구균 분리 환자에서 황색포도알균의 내성

김동욱,신선혜,김혜진,류선,이선희,장철훈,김영대,곽임수 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.1

목적 : Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)로부터 S. aureus로의 vacomycin 내성 유전자의 전파는 오래전부터 예견되어져 왔으며 큰 걱정거리로 남아있다. 최근에 vanA 유전자를 가지고 있는 vancomycin-resistant S. aureus 2주가 미국에서 분리되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 VRE를 보균하고 있는 환자들에서 S. aureus 보균양상과 항균제 내성을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 부산대학교병원에 입원하였던 환자들 중 임상검체에서 VRE가 분리된 환자 7명과 2001년 9월부터 12월까지 외과 중 환자실에 입원하였던 환자들 중 VRE 감시배양을 시행하였던 20명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 환자들은 전비공, 액와부, 회음부, 직장에서 매주 면봉으로 검체를 채취하였다. 선별배지에서 검체를 배양하여 S. aureus를 분리하였고 원판 확산법을 이용하여 methicillin 감수성을 측정하였다. Broth microdilution 법으로 vancomycin MIC를 측정하였다. 결과 : 총 27명에서 73회의 방문과 292회의 배양이 시행되었으며 총 67주의 S. aureus가 분리되었다. 이중 64주(95.5%)가 methicillin 내성이었다. 전비공 MRSA 보균율은 VRE를 보균하고 있었던 환자는 19명 중 11명(58%)에서, VRE를 보균하지 않았던 환자는 8명 중 3명(37.5%)으로 VRE 보균자에서 보균율이 더 높았다. 총 64주의 MRSA의 vancomycin MIC의 분포는 0.5-2㎍/mL였으며 2㎍/mL를 초과하는 균주는 발견되지 않았다. 64주 중 vancomycin MIC가 1㎍/mL인 균주가 54주(84.4%)로 가장 많았으며 2㎍/mL 6주(9.4%), 0.5㎍/mL 4주(6.3%)의 순이었다. 결론 : VRE 환자에서 S. aureus의 보균율은 비보균자 보다 높았으며 분리된 균주들은 대부분 MRSA였다. VRSA 균주는 발견되지 않았다. Background : The transfer of vancomycin resistance from vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) to Staphylococcus aureus has been predicted. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotics resistance of S. aureus among patients colonized with VRE. Methods : Between January 2001 and December 2001, a prospective study was performed at Pusan National University Hospital on 27 patients. Surveillance swabs from nasal cavity, axilla, perineum, and rectum were obtained at weekly intervals. Methicillin susceptability of S. aureus was determined by oxacillin disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin by microdilution broth test. Results : Total of 292 swab cultures were performed and 67 S. aureus isolates were collected. 64 isolates (95.5%) were resistant to methicillin. The prevalence of nasal MRSA carrier in 19 patients colonized with VRE was higher than that in 8 patients not colonized with VRE (58% vs. 37.5%). In 64 MRSA isolates, MIC (㎍/mL) for vancomycin ranged from 0.5 to 2. No isolates with MIC >2 ㎍/mL were observed. MIC of 1 ㎍/mL was shown (observed) in 54 isolates, 2 ㎍/mL in 6 isolates, and 0.5 ㎍/mL in 4 isolates. Conclusion : The prevalence of S. aureus with colonization of VRE is higher than that without colonization of VRE. Most of S. aureus isolates were resistant to methicillin. VRSA isolates were not observed.

치매(痴매)의 침구치료(鍼灸治療)에 대(對)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

김동석 ( Dong Suk Kim ),권순철 ( Sun Chul Kwon ),서상수 ( Sang Su Seo ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.21 No.2

Objectives: This study is designed to investigate the pathology, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy applicable of the dementia through literature of oriental medicine. Results: The findings of this study are as follows; 1. The cause of dementia is internal damage of seven emotions(七情內傷), deficiency of the kidney essence(腎精不足), retention of dampness in the mental(痰迷心竅). 2. The acupuncture meridians used often for dementia are Tok-maek(GV), Chok-t`aeyang Pang-gwang-Kyong(BL), Chok-yangmyong Wi-Kyong(ST), Su-gworum Shimp`o-Kyong(PC), Su-soum Shim-Kyong(HT). 3. The spots on the body suiTable for acupuncture used for therapy of the dementia are 98 points and extra points are 6 points, total therapeutic acupunture points are 104 points. And acupunture points are frequently used Shinmun(神門-HT7, 24), Paek`oe(百會-GV20, 19), Chok-samni(足三里-ST36, 18), Sugu(水溝-GV26, 17), P`ungnyung(豊隆-ST40, 16), Taech`u(大椎-GV14, 14), Samumgyo(三陰交-SP6, 14), Shimsu(心兪-BL15, 14), Taenung(大陵-PC7, 11), Nogung(勞宮-PC8, 11), Sosang(少商-LU11, 10), Kansa(間使-PC5, 10), Naegwan(內關-PC6, 10). 4. The acupoints used often on moxibustion are Paek`oe(百會-GV20), Chang-gang(長强-GV1), Taech`u(大椎-GV14), Kansa(間使-PC5). Conclusion: It is recommended that further study of many sided investigations in the future.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

치매(痴?)의 침구치료(鍼灸治療)에 대(對)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

김동석,서상수,권순철,Kim, Dong-Suk,Seo, Sang-Su,Kwon, Sun-Chul 경락경혈학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives : This study is designed to investigate the pathology, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy applicable of the dementia through literature of oriental medicine. Results : The findings of this study are as follows ; 1. The cause of dementia is internal damage of seven emotions(七情內傷), deficiency of the kidney essence(腎精不足), retention of dampness in the mental(痰迷心竅). 2. The acupuncture meridians used often for dementia are $Tok-maek(GV),\;Chok-t'aeyang\;Pang-gwang-Ky\check{o}ng(BL),\;Chok-yangm\check{o}yng\;Wi-Ky\check{o}ng(ST),\;Su-gwor\check{u}m\;Shimp'o-Ky\check{o}ng(PC),\;Su-so\check{u}m\;Shim-Ky\check{o}ng(HT)$. 3. The spots on the body suiTable for acupuncture used for therapy of the dementia are 98 points and extra points are 6 points, total therapeutic acupunture points are 104 points. And acupunture points are frequently used Shinmun(神門-HT7, 24), Paek'oe(百會-GV20, 19), Chok-samni(足三里-ST36, 18), Sugu(水溝-GV26, 17), P'ungnyung(豊隆-ST40, 16), Taech'u(大椎-GV14, 14), $Sam\check{u}mgyo(三陰交-SP6,\;14)$, Shimsu(心兪-BL15, 14), $Taen\check{u}ng(大陵-PC7,\;11)$, Nogung(勞宮-PC8, 11), Sosang(少商-LU11, 10), Kansa(間使-PC5, 10), Naegwan(內關-PC6, 10). 4. The acupoints used often on moxibustion are Paek'oe(百會-GV20), Chang-gang(長强-GV1), Taech'u(大椎-GV14), Kansa(間使-PC5). Conclusion : It is recommended that further study of many sided investigations in the future.