Antifungal Activity of Eucalyptus-Derived Phenolics Against Postharvest Pathogens of Kiwifruits

Oh, Soon-Ok,Kim, Jung-A,Jeon, Hae-Sook,Park, Jong-Cheol,Koh, Young-Jin,Hur, Hyun,Hur, Jae-Seoun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.3

Antifungal activities of natural substrances from Eucalyptus darlympleana, E. globules, E. gunnii and E. unigera were evaluated against postharvest pathogens of kiwifruits, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Diaporthe actinidiae, to screen effective natural substances as an alternative to chemical fungicides. Methanol extract of the Eucalyptus trees showed strong antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi. Among them, E. unigera and E. darlympleana effectively inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogens. For chemical identification of the antifungal substances, the methanol extract of E. darlympleana leaves was successively partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$. Among the fractions, $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-BuOH showed strong inhibitory activity of mycelial growth of the fungi. Five compounds were isolated from EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions subjected to $SiO_2$ column chromatography. Two phenolic compounds(gallic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) and three flavonoid compounds(quercetin, quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-glucoside) were identified by $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy. Among them, only gallic acid was found to be effective in mycelial growth and spore germination of B. cinerea at relatively high concentrations. The results suggest that gallic acid can be a safer and more acceptable alternative to current synthetic fungicides controlling soft rot decay of kiwifruit during postharvest storage.

Network Robustness of Major Asian Airlines and the Impact of Airports’ Brokerage Roles

Oh Kyoung Kwon,Soobi Lee,Hye Min Chung,Prem Chhetri,Ok Soon Han 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2019 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.17 No.4

This study aims to evaluate the network robustness of major Asian airlines and to explore which airport types have the greatest impact on robustness. We also analyze airports’ specific brokerage roles and their impacts on the robustness of the entire air route network. We select 10 major Asian full-service airlines that operate the main passenger terminals at the top-ranked hub airports in Asia. Data is collected from the Official Airline Guide passenger route dataset for 2017. The results of the network robustness analysis show that Air China and China Eastern Airlines have relatively high network robustness. In contrast, airlines with broader international coverage, such as Japan Airlines, Korean Air, and Singapore Airlines have higher network vulnerability. The measure of betweenness centrality has a greater impact on the robustness of air route networks than other centrality measures have. Furthermore, the brokerage role analysis shows that Chinese airports are more influential within China and Asia but are less influential globally when compared to other major hub airports in Asia. Incheon International Airport, Singapore Changi Airport, Hong Kong International Airport, and Narita International Airport play strong “liaison” roles. Among the brokerage roles, the liaison role has a greater impact on the robustness of air route networks.

A Note on the Lichen Genus Ramalina (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota) in the Hengduan Mountains in China

( Ok Oh Soon ),( Yu Wang Xin ),( Song Wang Li ),( Gui Liu Pei ),( Seoun Hur Jae ) 한국균학회 2014 Mycobiology Vol.42 No.3

On the basis of extensive field investigation and a series of herbarium specimen identifications, we present and discussthe descriptions and distribution of 22 species of Ramalina found in the Hengduan Mountains of southwestern China. In this revisionary study, representatives of the Ramalina genus, including R. americana, R. confirmata, R. dendriscoides, R. obtusata, R. pacifica, R. pentecostii, R. peruviana, R. shinanoana, and R. subcomplanata are found for the first time in this area. In addition, R. holstii is reported for the first time China. Finally, a newly described species identified as Ramalina hengduanshanensis S. O. Oh &L. S. Wang is reported. It is characterized as growing from a narrow holdfast, solid, sparsely or richly and irregularly dichotomously branched, palmate and flattened lobes with distinctly dorsiventral appearance, surface rugose to reticulate, surface rugosely cracked, dense chondroid tissue, helmet shaped soralia at the tip. The species grows on rock and tree at the highest elevations inthis area. Although very few lichen species belonging to the genus Ramalina have been collected above 4,000 m, this new species is found at this elevation. We present detailed morphological, anatomical, and chemical descriptions of this species along with molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences.

Determination of Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Foods and Estimation of Dietary Exposure

Ok, Hyun Ee,Kim, Hyun Jung,Cho, Tae Yong,Oh, Keum Soon,Chun, Hyang Sook Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2009 Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Pa Vol.72 No.21

<P>Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene mycotoxin. DON contamination in agricultural food staples such as wheat, barley, and maize due to Fusarium colonization is an increasing problem. In order to provide risk managers with better guidance for regulatory measures, the concentration of DON in cereal-based foods (n = 689), collected from six cities between June 2005 and August 2008, was determined. Further, dietary exposure to DON was estimated by combining data on DON concentration in these foods with their consumption rates. Among 689 samples, 272 samples (39%) were contaminated with DON. Relatively high DON concentrations were found in dried corn, with a mean concentration of 109 mug/kg (n = 74). Daily intake of DON simulated by the @Risk program was estimated to between 0.066 and 0.142 mug/kg body weight (bw)/d for males and between 0.066 and 0.144 mug/kg bw/d for females. The major contributor to DON exposure in the 50th and 95th percentile intake groups was polished rice. For each age class, young children (3-6 yr) showed the highest relative intake, with a mean intake of 0.142 mug/kg bw/d for males and 0.144 mug/kg bw/d for females. However, the estimated daily DON intake did not exceed the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (1 mug/kg bw/d) for any age group or gender. From our risk assessment, it was concluded that the current intake of DON in South Korea may not serve as a serious health hazard.</P>

Antifungal Activity of Lichen-Forming Fungi Isolated from Korean and Chinese Lichen Species Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Oh, Soon-Ok,Jeon, Hae-Sook,Lim, Kwang-Mi,Koh, Young-Jin,Hur, Jae-Seoun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.4

Antifungal activity of Korean and Chinese lichen-forming fungi(LFF) was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi of Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea, Diaporthe actinidiae, Pestalotiopsis longiseta, Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium cepivorum. The LFF were isolated from Cladonia scabriuscula, Melanelia sp., Nephromopsis asahinae, Nephromopsis pallescens, Parmelia laevior, Pertusaria sp., Ramalina conduplicans, Ramalina sinensis, Ramalina sp., Umbilicaria proboscidea and Vulpicida sp. with discharged spore method. The isolates were deposited in the herbarium of Korean Lichen Research Institute(KoLRI) in Sunchon National University. The LFF of Melanelia sp., P. laevior, Pertusaria sp., R. conduplican and Ramalina sp. exhibited strong antifungal activity against all of the pathogenic fungi examined. Among them, LFF of P. laevior showed more than 90% of inhibition in fungal hyphae growth, compared with control. The results imply that LFF can be served as a promising bioresource to develop novel biofungicides. Mass cultivation of the LFF is now under progress in laboratory conditions for chemical identification of antifungal substances.

Protective Effect of DA-9601, an Extract of Artemisiae Herba, against Naproxen-induced Gastric Damage in Arthritic Rats

Oh, Tae-Young,Ryu, Byong-Kweon,Ko, Jun-Il,Ahn, Byoung-Ok,Kim, Soon-Hoe,Kim, Won-Bae,Lee, Eun-Bang,Jin, Joo-Hyun,Hahm, Ki-Baik The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.5

Gastrointestinal irritation is the most frequent adverse effect in patients chronically taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of arthritic conditions. Gastroprotective effect of DA-9601, a new antiulcer agent from Artemisiae Herba extract, against NSAID was evaluated in a rat model of arthritis that is similar in many aspects to human rheumatoid arthritis. Daily oral dosing of naproxen (30 mg/kg), one of the most commonly used NSAID, induced apparent gastric lesions as well as a significant decrease in mucosal prostagiandin $E_2;(PGE_2)$ and prostagiandin F_${1{\alpha}}$$(PGF_{1{\alpha}})$ levels. Coadministration of DA-9601 prevents naproxen-induced mucosal injury and depletion of prostaglandins, in a dose-related manner. DA-9601 did not alter the antiinflammatory or analgesic effect of naproxen. The present results suggest that DA-9601 may be useful as a mucoprotectant against NSAIDs in clinical practice.

Effects of Professional Body Massage on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Plantar Foot Pressure Balance in Men in their 20s

( Soon-seob Jang ),( Joong-sook Lee ),( Jeong-ok Yang ),( Bom-jin Lee ),( Eui-suk Kim ),( Kyung-hee Woo ),( Se-jin Oh ) 한국운동역학회 2017 한국운동역학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week professional body massage program (PMP) on forward head posture, neck pain, and plantar foot pressure balance in men in their 20s. Method: A total of 20 men with musculoskeletal diseases were recruited for this study. The participants were asked to take part in a PMP twice a week for 12 weeks. The cranial vertical angle (CVA) for forward head posture and visual analogue scale (VSC) for neck pain and right/left foot plantar pressure balances were extracted to compare between pre- and post-program differences. Results: CVAs before (56.86 ± 4.55°) and after (62.72 ± 4.57°) and VSCs before (6.95 ± 1.70) and after (1.70 ± 1.56) PMP revealed statistically significant differences. The right foot, after PMP, showed a significant increase in the plantar pressure balance from 46.17 ± 2.95 to 49.44 ± 1.29%, while the left foot decreased significantly from 53.83 ± 2.95% to 50.56 ± 1.29%. Therefore, based on these results, it may be said that the foot pressure balance abilities were improved after PMP because the ideal foot pressure ratio is 50%. Conclusion: Consequently, it was suggested that a 12-week PMP could be utilized for improvement of forward head posture, neck pain, and foot plantar pressure balance in men in the 20s with musculoskeletal diseases.

The mineralogical and geochemical characterization of As in the Nakdong mine tailings

Soon-Oh Kim,Young-Il Jung,Keun-Young Lee,Keon-Ki Kim,Jong Ok Jeong,Hyen Goo Cho 대한지질학회 2007 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.0

Mutagenicity Studies of Five 4-Quinolone Antibiotics in Salmonella,Drosophila and Cultured Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) Cells

Oh, Hye Young,Han, Soon Young,Heo, Ok Soon,Sohn, Soo Jung,Ha, Kwang Won 한국응용약물학회 1998 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.6 No.1

4-Quinolone antibiotics (pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and enoxacin) were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and TA102, for chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, and for wing somatic mutations and recombinations (wing spot) in Drosophila. Five 4-quinolones did not show any mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. However, they were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 with and without metabolic activation in both plate incorporation method and preincubation method. Ciprofloxacin induced structural chromosome aberrations in CHL cells both with and without metabolic activation, and the frequencies were 6% and up to 28%, respectively. Pefloxacin showed equivocal evidence, however, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and enoxacin did not induce the structural chromosome aberrations both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. In the wing spot assay in Drosophila, ofloxacin increased the frequency of small single spots significantly in a dose-dependent manner but there was no dose-dependent increase of single or twin spots in the others.

Generation of Expression Clone Set for Functional Proteomics of Human Gastric and Liver Cancers

Oh, Nang-Soo,Park, Ji-Seon,Jeon, Yeo-Jin,Oh, Jung-Hwa,Jeong, So-Young,Yang, Jin-Ok,Park, Yong-Won,Yoo, Hyang-Sook,Kim, Nam-Soon SAGE Publications 2009 Experimental biology and medicine Vol.234 No.10

<P>Two thousand sixty-eight multi-purpose expression clones for the 326 candidate genes related to gastric or liver cancers were constructed using the Gateway system. These clones can be expressed as His, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or Enhanced version of the green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion proteins in E. coli, insect cells or mammalian cells. For the 246 E. coli expression clones, the GST fusion proteins had greater expression efficiency and solubility than the His fusion proteins. Approximately 20% of the expressed proteins had unexpected molecular weights. A detailed sequence analysis of these clones revealed frameshift mutations resulting from insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides. The results indicate that these changes in the candidate genes may affect the occurrence of gastric or liver cancers. In addition, when 105 proteins, which were expressed in E. coli at very low or undetectable levels, were expressed in insect cells, 76% of the proteins were expressed very well and most were soluble. We also found that most of the 30 proteins prepared using EGFP mammalian expression clones were localized to cellular compartments expected by Gene ontology (GO) and this localization was unaffected if the EGFP-fusion was at the N-terminal or C-terminal region of the protein. Antibody production and subcellular localization analysis of the candidate genes as well as a screen of genes involved in carcinogenesis pathways are currently in progress using these expression clones. These studies provide a valuable resource for developing a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis in both gastric and liver cancer and would be very helpful in diagnosis and therapeutic predictions.</P>