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백색부후균 전처리에 의한 목재 칩의 Biopulping
강규영,김형진,양봉숙,조병묵,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6
Pulping process is to mainly obtain lignocellulosic fibers for papermaking from wood resources. Three types of pulping method have been basically employed, such as chemical pulping, mechanical pulping, and their combination methods. Biopulping technique has been mainly applied in mechanical pulping by pretreatment of white-rot fungi into the ultrastructure of wood cell wall. The main purpose of biopulping is to improve the pulp qualities, paper properties, and to reduce the energy costs and environmental impact, compared to traditional pulping systems. Nowadays, biopulping is frequently tried in chemical pulping operation for environmental concept, fiber modification, improvement of physical properties of paper and economic savings. The pretreatment of white-rot fungi prior to chemical pulping could affect the swelling and softening of wood cell walls by the behaviors of modification and depolymerization of ligin compounds. This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of biological treatment to wood chips by white-rot fungus and its structural change of lignocellulosic fiber via kraft pulping. A rotary bioreactor was applied for pretreatment of biological action. The treatment of white-rot fungus was shown in weight loss of chips. After bio-kraft pulping, kappa number and total yield of pulps were measured, and reduced. Freeness(CSF) values were also decreased. Whereas brightness values were increased, compared to untreated control. The physical strength of handsheets was shown a slight increase in tensile, tear, burst, and folding endurance, with bio-treatments.
강도원,강선희,이수형 남서울대학교 경영연구센타 2003 경영연구 Vol.5 No.-
Internet advertising is an important advertising instruments(media) in the present time. So today's internet advertising grown up exceedingly This study is focus on intenet advertising conditions and various problem. And in connection with problems, this study suggests various improvement programs.
강도원,강선희,이수형 남서울대학교 2003 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.9 No.-
As the electxonic commerce motion by increase of internet use smartens recently, trust problem etc.. are happening regarding pnce payment and so on between person concerned that do electronic Commerce. Therefore, establishment of safe payment method to prevent when electronic commerce pays the former to get high trust, forgery of transaction information and improper acquisition is important. So, electronic money was appeared to realize safe electron payment as new electron payment means for electronic commerce on internet. Electron capital transfer or eIectron of disbursement settlement means and so on is being expose in general phenomenon for safe settlement in these environment. End, electronic money of excellent safety that do from various card mean to intermediary instead of cash, check was appeared. This study wishes to present ways that electronic money that is settlement means to analyze success factor and problems of eiectronic settlement system from e-commerce acts important role to get high trust is activated.
전립선 기질세포의 증식과 COX-2 발현에 대한 프로게스테론의 영향
정수련,김성한,최이화,박지은,전은미,강영진,이광윤,최형철 영남대학교 의과대학 2006 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.23 No.1
전립선비대증은 노인 남성에서 흔히 유발되는 질환이며, 노화가 진행될 수록 빈도가 높아지는 특징을 가진다. 이 질환의 원인은 전립선기질세표의 과도한 증식으로 유발된다고 알려져 있지만 그 자세한 기전에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 전립선비대증에서 progesterone 수용체 양성 세포가 다른 전립선 종양에 비해서 많고, progesterone은 testosterone에서 DHT로 전환되는 것을 감소시키는 역할을 가진다고 알려졋다. 또한 남성 전립선 평활근의 과증식에 의한 질환이므로 평활근 세포의 증식과 관련성이 있다고 보고된 COX-2의 전립선비대증에 대한 영향에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 전립선 기질세포에 progesterone을 3일간 투여하여 배양한 경우 기질세포 증식은 차이가 없었다. Progesterone을 단독 또는 DHT와 같이 투여한 기질세포에서 남성호르몬 수용체 mRNA 발현은 비처리군과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 progesterone과 DHT 동시 투여에 의한 COX-2 mRNA 발현에도 차이가 없었다. 그러나 progesterone에 의한 남성 호르몬 수용체와 COX-2 단백 발현에서는 대조군과 비교하여 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과는 progesterone은 남성호르몬 수용체에 대해 전사 후 반응 (post-transcriptional response)에 효과를 나타내어 남성호르몬 수용체 발현을 감소시키는 작용은 가지며, COX-2 발현 억제효과를 나타내므로 전립선비대증의 치료에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign tumor in older men; the etiology of this disease remains poorly understood. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) both act as androgen via a single androgen receptor. Testosterone is converted to DHT by 5α-reductase in prostatic stromal cells. Progesterone has been reported to inhibit DHT conversion; howevwe, its effect on prostatic stromal cells remains to be elucidated. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, we investigated the effect of progesterone on androgen receptor expression induced by DHT. We also tested the effect of progesterone on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, as well as prostate stromal cell proliferation using the cell count kit-8. Results: Progesterone did not cause an increase of prostate stromal cell proliferation. The mRNA expression of the androgen receptor and COX-2 were not changed by progesterone; the expressions of androgen receptor and COX-2 proteins were decreased by progesterone in prostate stromal cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that in prostate stromal cells, progesterone decreases androgen receptor protein expression, which results in decrement of COX-2 protein expression. This effect might be mediated by post-transcriptional regulation.
대기오염과 천식증상에 의한 응급실내원과의 연관성에 관한 환자교차연구
임형준,이상윤,윤기정,주영수,강대희,조수현 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2
Objectives : This study, using case-crossover design, search a relationship between changing levels of air pollutants and asthma attack in asthma patients. Methods : We searched the daily total number of asthmatic patients at hospital's emergency room in Seoul, Korea by investigating total 49 general hospital's emergency room records. Otherwise, We investigated medical records of asthmatic patients at one of the 49 hospitals we have searched. We investigated addresses that they are living, diagnosis, smoking history, whether respiratory infection or not, medications. We analyzed the data by 1:m conditional logistic regression used when matched case-control study is analyzed. Control periods were chosen by bidirectional paired matching technique 7, 14 days before and after case periods. Results : the relative risk of asthmatic attack by 100 ppm ozone increase between June and September were 1.348(95 % CI = 1.010∼1.619). Between November and February, the relative risk by 100 ㎍/㎥ TSP increase, 100ppb sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were respectively 1,278(1.010∼1.619), 1.237(1.019∼1.502), 1.285(1.006∼1.640). In stratified analysis, the relative risk were significant when the asthmatic patients were children aged 15 years or below, when there were respiratory infection, and when the patients took medications irregularly Conclusions : There was statistically significant association between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthmatic attack. So, we have to exert our efforts to minimize the air pollution effectively, to protect public health from air pollution.
임남형(Nam Hyoung Lim),강영종(Young Jong Kang),유철수(Chul Soo Yu) 한국강구조학회 1996 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.8 No.2
A buckling theory was developed by applying the strain-displacement relations of Kang`s thin-walled curved beam theory to monosymmetric circular arches, a set of stability equations were obtained. An explicit and clear approximation of the curvature effect was made in the derivation process. Closed form solutions were obtained for arches subjected to equal and opposite end moments. An extensive comparative study with other studies provided the validity of the presented theory.
장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
양봉숙,김형진,강규영,조병묵,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6
It was generally known that the aging treatment of paper is accompanied with the reductions in physical and optical properties of individual fibers and sheet. In particular, the paper prepared with mechanical pulps occurs the yellowing of sheet, during aging, due to the absorption of light or temperature, and finally has limitation in widely applicable functions of paper. The aging behaviors of paper can be discussed with three groups of factor. One is considered to external factors, like heat, light and moisture. Another is commented with environmental factors, like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and other air pollutant materials. The other is explained by internal factors, like pulp types, lignin contents, and so on. In this paper, the aging behaviors of paper prepared with BCTMP were studied in order to know how to affect in physical and optical properties of paper. For modification of fibers properties, a commercial enzyme was pretreated in the slurry of BCTMP, before handsheet-making. Sheets were aged by accelerated heat treatment. The comparisons were carried out in mechanical strength properties and color reversions. Aging treatments were resulted in higher brightness reductions, in enzyme pretreated paper.
배현주,김양수,신형식,백경란,정문현,오명돈,최강원,우준희 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.2
The clinical value of empiric therapy of amphotericin B in 19 patients who were still febrile and granulocytopenic despite coverage of broad-spectrum antibiotics for 6 days was investigated. The clinical response rate was 52.6% on NCI criteria and 21% on EORTC criteria. The mortality rate was 36.8%.
최홍열,고상백,장세진,차봉석,임형준,이상윤,김재용,강동묵,조수헌 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.1
목 적 : 하청노동을 이용한 노동 유연화 전략은 근로자들의 고용을 불안정시키고, 근로자들의 삶에 부정적 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 하청업체 근로자들의 고용현황을 조사하고, 기존의 업체중심의 건강평가의 문제점을 지적하고자 하였다. 또한 하청업체 근로자들의 건강평가의 현재적 의미와 사회적 배제의 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 모기업과 하청업체 근로자들의 건강수준을 비교하기 위하여, 정기건강진단(일반, 특수)과 채용건강진단 자료를 이용하고자 하였다. 건강진단에서 누락된 비정규직을 포괄하기 위하여 SF-36을 이용하여 건강설문조사를 시행하였다.결 과 : 조선업 하청업체 근로자들의 고용기간은 짧고, 빈번한 노동이동 현상을 보였다. 3년간 건강진단 수검 현황을 통해 살펴볼 때, 1998년 수검자중 2000년까지 연속해서 검진 받은 수검자는 40.3%였다. 건강진단 결과 유소견자 규모를 통해 모기업과 하청업체간의 건강수준을 비교해 보았다. 모기업은 일반질병 요관찰자와 질병자를 포함한 유소견자가 1,011명으로 약 10 %의 유소견율을 보이고 있고, 질병자의 경우 596명으로 유병률이 5 %를 상회하고 있다. 반면 하청업체의 경우 1,967명의 수검자중 유소견자가 115명으로 6 %의 유소견율을 보이고있고, 질병자는 82명으로 4 %의 유병률을 보이고있다 채용건강진단을 받은 수검자는 6,260명 이었으며, 이 중 유소견자 수는 2,373명으로 전체 수검자의 37.9 %를 차지하였다. 건강설문지의 경우는 전체 건강수준의 총합은 하청보다 원청 근로자가 높았고 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결 론' 정기건강검진 결과는 하청근로자들이 고용형태에 따라 검진을 받지 못한 경우가 많아, 건강 근로자 효과로 표현될 가능성이 있다. 따라서 채용건강진단 결과는 다른 측면에서 하청업체 근로자들의 건강수준의 현실적 반영이라고 할 수 있다. 향후 하청업체 근로자들의 건강문제를 감시하고 개선하려면 기존의 업체 중심의 접근으로는 하청 근로자의 건강문제를 제대로 다룰 수 없고, 업종과 지역을 동시에 고려하여 접근할 필요가 있다. 또한 단기 고용 근로자 및 비정규직 근로자를 사회보장의 확충과 모기업의 연대책임 강화 및 기업복지 차원에서 포괄하는 방안이 모색되어야 하겠다. Objectives : The strategy for the labor flexibility through subcontracted labor have brought a negative effect on the lives of the workers, such as the increase of the unstable employment. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the employment of subcontracted firms and the health status of them, and to find out some problems which have been caused in the process of health evaluation and the characteristics of social exclusion. Methods : We reviewed the periodical health examination and preemployment health examination in order to compare health status of the subcontracted workers with those of the parent firm workers. The SF-36 questionnaire was administered to assess the self-perceived health status. Results : The result shows that compared to the working duration of the parent firm workers, those of the subcontracted workers were shorter, and the job transfer rate was higher. In the periodical health examination, the prevalence of occupational and general disease was higher in the parent firm(10%) than in the subcontracted firms(6%). Preemployment health examination plays an important role in worker's health manage- ment. Among 6,260 workers who received preemployment health examination, the prevalence of disease was 37.9%. Mean scores of health status measured by SF-36 were lower in the subcontracted firm than in the parent firm. Conclusions : Due to social exclusion of the subcontracted workers from the periodical health examination, there is a possibility that the periodical health examination have the healthy worker effect. These results suggests that the preemployment health examination could be a more appropriate indicator which is able to assess the health status of the subcontracted workers than the periodical health examination.