A Study on Improvement and Degradation of Si/SiO₂ Interface Property for Gate Oxide with TiN Metal Gate

Lee, Byung-Hyun,Kim, Yong-Il,Kim, Bong-Soo,Woo, Dong-Soo,Park, Yong-Jik,Park, Dong-Gun,Lee, Si-Hyung,Rho, Yong-Han The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2008 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.9 No.1

In this study, we investigated effects of hydrogen annealing (HA) and plasma nitridation (PN) applied in order to improve $Si/SiO_2$ interface characteristics of TiN metal gate. In result, HA and PN showed a positive effect decreasing number of interface state $(N_{it})$ respectively. After FN stress for verifying reliability, however, we identified rapid increase of $N_{it}$ for TiN gate with HA, which is attributed to hydrogen related to a change of $Si/SiO_2$ interface characteristic. In contrast to HA, PN showed an improved Nit and gate oxide leakage characteristic due to several possible effects, such as blocking of Chlorine (Cl) diffusion and prevention of thermal reaction between TiN and $SiO_2$.

A Study on Improvement and Degradation of Si/SiO2 Interface Property for Gate Oxide with TiN Metal Gate

이병현,Yong-Il Kim,Bong-Soo Kim,Dong-Soo Woo,Yong-Jik Park,Dong-Gun Park,Si-Hyung Lee,Yonghan Rho 한국전기전자재료학회 2008 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.9 No.1

In this study, we investigated effects of hydrogen annealing (HA) and plasma nitridation (PN) applied in order to improve Si/SiO₂ interface characteristics of TiN metal gate. In result, HA and PN showed a positive effect decreasing number of interface state (Nit) respectively. After FN stress for verifying reliability, however, we identified rapid increase of Nit for TiN gate with HA, which is attributed to hydrogen related to a change of Si/SiO₂ interface characteristic. In contrast to HA, PN showed an improved Nit and gate oxide leakage characteristic due to several possible effects, such as blocking of Chlorine (Cl) diffusion and prevention of thermal reaction between TiN and SiO₂.

관상동맥 질환에서 SDF-1α의 농도

김보영,박용규,박형서,노상필,정승현,이유선,이정우,이재환,최시완,정진옥,성인환 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Atherosclerosis is now viewed as an inflammatory disease of the vascular system. Expression of several chemokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP)-1, MCP-4, RANTES(regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted), and interleukin-8(IL-8) are increased in human atherosclerotic plaques compared with normal vessels. They are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and plaque rupture by activating and directing leukocytes into the atherosclerotic lesions. However, some are involved in homeostatic functions such as normal leukocyte traffic and growth regulation. SDF-la is a multi-functional cytokine that is involved in myelogenesis, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and injured gastric mucosal regeneration in the gastric ulcer patient. SDF-la is recently shown to be highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and a potent platelet agonist. At least in high concentrations, SDF-la may mediate antiinflammatory and matrix stabilizing effects in unstable angina. Many studies are going on to know the function of SDF-la in coronary artery diseases. I investigated the difference of the plasma level of SDF-la between control group and coronary artery disease group. Total 75 subjects were enrolled. The diagnosis of coronary artery disease was confirmed in all patients by coronary angiography. Control subjects in this study were confirmed normal by coronary angiography. Clinical profile and risk factors were also reviewed. Control subjects in this study were 27 (M=10, F=17). Plasma for the study was collected before the angiography and centrifuged. SDF-la analysis was performed by ELISA. Plasma level of SDF-la is significantly increased in patients with stable angina(n=20) and unstable angina group(n=28) compared with healthy control group(n=27). the risk factors do not influence the plasma level of SDF-la in coronary artery diseases. In this study, plasma level of SDF-la is increased in patients with stable angina and unstable angina groups compared with healthy control group(P<0.05). the risk factors do not influence the plasma level of SDF-la in coronary artery diseases.

신체적 긴장후에 유발되고 애성이 동반된 대동맥 박리 1예

이기현,박시훈,신길자,이우형 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1995 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.18 No.4

본 저자들은 고혈압이나 지지조직의 병변, 선천성 심장질환등의 유발 인자 없이 지내던 환자가 갑작스런 신체적긴장으로 흉통이 유발된 후 진행성 애성이 발생하여 애성의 원인 진단 및 치료를 목적으로 내원한 후 대동맥 박리를 진단받은 사례를 경험하였기에 이에 보고하는 바이다 Aortic dissection is caused by a circumferential or transverse tear of the intima by a discrepancy between the strength of the aortic wall and the intraluminal pressure. Arterial hypertension seems clearly to be a factor in the genesis of aortic dissection. An elevated blood pressure or evidence of its existence can be found in 70-80 percent of patients. Other factors predisposing to aortic dissection are congenital disorder of connective tissue, vasculitis, etc. But trauma or physical strain is unusual cause of classic dissection. Diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography, aortography or echocardiography. A 62-year-old man without a history of hypertension, emphysema or congestive heart failure visited our hospital because of hoarseness which developed suddenly during the physical strain. A contrast material-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan was performed at an other hospital due to hoarseness, mild fever and general weakness. Then he visited to our ENT department and performed laryngeal CT due to hoarseness. The CT shows somewhat mass-like soft tissue, so he was transferred to our internal medical department. The chest CT scan and simple chest PA was done and we found a dissecting aneurysm. This case developed by Physical strain and diagnosed by hoarseness is unusual and rare.

데모主動學生의 社會精神醫學的 分析 : 데모性向 性格의 分析

李時炯 大韓神經精神醫學會 1972 신경정신의학 Vol.11 No.4

Twelve of male college students from Taegu area, who are considered as the most active participant and as the leader in the student protest movement in the Korean Campus during the 60's are analysed. Seven students out of 12, are defined as so called "Protest Prone Personality", ① and longitudinal psychohistorical analysis of their personality development is done, with much emphasis on Father-Son relationship in particular. 1) Student's father have a relatively higher education and been employed as Government official since Japanese occupation. Their ambivalent compromise between "New and Old" cultural climate is unavoidable, due to their deep seated agricultural influence, however, which is constantly challenged by their Western influence, on the other. 2) Students have felt a "Sense of Specialness" in themselves, and being expected to be "great" from their early childhood on. Indentification with a strong father image was challenged, as they dout of father's omnipotence, however, this conflict from ambivalent father image became resolved. as they understood the ambivalent compromise on father's part, and thus the conflict, of father then his, was projected on to the society. 3) Protest is, then, seen as a result of father's unconscious provoke on their son. 4) Ambivalent acceptance of "Modernization" ② due to fear for the loss of subjectivity, is acute among these students. It is therefore that Government, who puts the pressure for modernization, is seen as a threat, which then is indirectly expressed by the student as protest. In this sense, protest is for the protection of "Subjectivity". 5) Core value of traditional Korean agricutural culure is well inherited to those students. However, formal value. is, social, political, religeous, and philosophical ets, is completely different from grandfather's. yet they are same as father's "latent" value system, which is different from his father's, yet not expressed, and now inherited to his son.

敎師로서의 自覺이 精神病 經過에 미치는 影響

李詩炯,申泓湜,尹錫夏 大韓神經精神醫學會 1973 신경정신의학 Vol.12 No.3

This study is aimed at finding out the possible correlation on the influences of professional identity to the clinical symptomatology and progress among the schizophrenic patients. Eight of teacher patients, who were diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia, over 40 years old, and have had more than 15 years of teacher carrier, were studied in the comparison with other schizophrenics with the same age range and dianosis. Result ; Teacher patients showed; 1) Regressive and aggressive behaviors were much lesser 2) Ward adjustment is better 3) Socialization and recover is faster 4) Precipitating event was identified in more cases In summary, teacher identity was well reflected on their symtomatology and progress, thus it had given a good outcome to their clinical course.

불면증의 임상적 연구 (1) : -종합병원 입원환자의 수면장애에 대하여-

李時炯,申泓湜,朴泉漢 大韓神經精神醫學會 1973 신경정신의학 Vol.12 No.3

Forty five of admitted patients, who have complained of poor sleep since their admission at Kyung Puk Univ. Hospital, were studied as follows: 1) Comparison between before and after admission of their sleep pattern 2) Comparison between Medical and Surgical part 3) Comparison between "Good sleeper" (also admitted patients) abd "Poor sleeper" of their depression and anxiety by using of Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale and Zung's Self Rating Depression Scale Results; 1) Comparing to prior to their admission, the amount of sleep has significantly reduced since their admission, and the quality of sleep also has become significantly irregular and poor. 2) Comparing to prior to their admission, "Bed time" tends to be later, "Sleep onset" tends to be delayed, and "Feeling on awake" become worse since their admission. 3) No significant differences are noted between two groups; Surgical and Medical. 4) Comparing to Good sleeper, Poor sleeper tends to show higher score in depression scale, however. anxiety score is so significantly higher that it might be used as a sensitive indicator for measuring poor sleep. 5) Contrary to our expectation, the hospital environment is not highly regarded as the interrupting factor for sleep, according to patient's own evaluation of the cause of their poor sleep.

생석회의 재탄산화에 의한 내수화성 향상에 관한 연구

李始衡,李晩承 대한금속재료학회 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.6

Recarbonization experiments of lime produced from rotary kiln had been performed to improve the hydration resistance of lime in the air. From recarbonization and hydration experiments, it was found that the amount of hydrated lime was greatly reduced by coating the surface of lime with CaCO_3 of about 6 wt%. The effect of reaction temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide on the recarbonization rate of lime was investigated by a thermogravimetric analysis method. Rate equation for the recarbonization of lime was derived from the thermogravimetric data at various temperatures.

사회공포증과 관련된 양육태도검사의 개발 연구

이시형,오강섭,허묘연 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1998 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.9 No.2

사회공포증 환자의 성격요인과 방어기제에 대한 연구

이시형,백상빈,노경선,오강섭,신영철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 사회공포 환자의 성격요인과 방어기제의 특징을 알아보고, 비가해형 및 가해형에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 강북삼성병원 외래치료 환자중 DSM-Ⅳ에 근거하여 사회공포로 진단된 환자 28명을 대상으로 성격요인검사(Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire 한국판) 및 이화방어기제검사를 시행하였고 통계처리는 각 검사에 대한 빈도분석과 비가해형과 가해형에 대한 Independent-Sample t-test를 시행하였다. 결 과: 사회공포 환자에서 성격요인(평균점수) 중 shyness/boldness 요인이 정상보다 낮은 소견을 보였으며 방어기제에서는 유우머 항목이 정상보다 낮은 소견을 보였다. 성격요인과 방어기제 모두에서 비가해형과 가해형간에 유의미한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 성격요인의 결과상 사회공포 환자들은 감정 표현을 억제하며 비사교적이다. 또한 자기주장을 못하여 타인에게 순종적, 동조적이며 정서적 불안정감이 심하다. 이러한 성격요인들은 모두 자율신경계의 약화, 불안의 증가, 공포증의 유발가능성의 증가등으로 사회공포와 관련되어 있다. 또한 방어기제의 결과상 사회공포 환자들은 유우머가 부족하고 지나치게 긴장, 경직되어 있어 사회공포 증세를 유발하기 쉬운 것으로 판단되었다. 사회공포의 두 유형인 비가해형과 가해형간에는 성격요인, 방어기제 모두에서 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of personality factor and defense mechanism and to compare the difference between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia patients. Methods: Study subjects consisted of 28 social phobia patients diagnosed with the criteria of DSM-Ⅳ. Data were collected through Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and Ehwa Diagnostic Test of Defense Mechanism. We employed was the independent sample t-test for the analysis. Result: Among the personality factor, the shyness/boldness factor scored lower than normal in social phobia patients. Humor defense scored lower than normal among defense mechanisms. There was no significant correlation between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia in personality factors and defense mechanisms. Conclusions: Social phobia patients were shier and less frequently use humor defense than the ordinary people. There was no significant correlation between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia patients in personality factors and defense mechanisms.