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이기철,정홍경,이정호,최영민,전성일,최수전 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1
저자들은 clozapine 투여 29일이 경과한 시점에서 무과립구증을 보인 20세 여자환자 1례를 치험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하였다. 무과립구증은 무균처치와 항생제투여 및 G-CSF와 GM-CSF를 투여하여 무과립구증 상태는 8일만에 회복되었다. Clozapine에 의해 유발된 무과립구증의 원인은 아직까지 확실치 않다. 현재까지 알려진 원인으로는 MHC(major histocompatibility complex region)의 우성인자가 원인이라는 제안과 대사산물이 자유기근으로서 골수세포를 억제한다는 설이 제안되고 있다. 저자들은 clozapine을 투여함에 있어서 환자의 선정, 위험인자들의 고려 및 철저한 CPMS 관리를 제안하고, 일단 무과립구증이 발생하면 즉각적으로 내과적인 도움을 받을 것을 권장한다. We report a 20-year-old female patient who developed clozapine-induced agranulocytosis on the 29th day of clozapine treatment. She recovered from the agranulocytosis on the 8th day of progression after treatment with G-CSF, GM-CSF, antibiotics and associated aseptic procedures. The cause of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is still un known and it is proposed that the dominant gene of major histocompatibility complex region and the reactive metabolites which suppress the myeloid system may be responsible. We recommend that careful attentions such as the selection of patient, evaluation of the risk factors, and the thorough control of CPMS should be paid. If the agranulocytosis happens, it is helpful to consult to the department of medicine immediately.
세로토닌성 항우울제가 백서의 Schedule-Induced Polydipsia에 미치는 영향
이기철,이정호,박중섭,최영민,전성일,정홍경,하준명,정재현 대한생물치료정신의학회 1999 생물치료정신의학 Vol.5 No.2
Object : Schedule-induced polydipsia is considered as an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder inrats. The authors evaluated the chronic effects of fluoxetine and clomipramine as serotonergic antidepressants and haloperidol as dopaminergic antagonist on the schedule-induced polydipsia in rat.Methods : Spraque-Dawley rats weighing 200-250gm were individually housed, maintained and allowed free access to water for 1 week. And then the rats were placed on a restricted diet. To induce polydipsia, rats were placed in automatic cage where a pellet dispenser automatically dispensed 90mg pellets on a fixed-time 60 seconds(FT 60s) feeding schedule over 150-minute test session for a day. Water was available at all times during the feeding schedule in automatic cage. After 4 weeks of daily exposure to the FT 60s feeding schedule, experimental rats met a predetermined criterion for polydipsic behavior(greater than 3 times of water per session on average). 4 groups of rats were administered fluoxetine(5mg/kg/i.p.), clomipramine(5mg/kg/i.p.), haloperidol(0.1mg/kg/i.p.), vehicle(1cc/kg/i.p.) for 3 weeks. Rats were tested once a week to access schedule induced polydipsic behavior. The chronic effects of experimental drugs on schedule induced polydipsic behavior were analyzed with repeated analysis of variance and Scheffe test as a post-hoc comparison.In order to measure water consumption in non-polydipsic food-deprived rats, a separate group of rats(N=8) were individually housed and given a single bolus(14.5 gm) of food per day which maintained them at their average body weight.Results and Conclusion : The results were as follows ;1) After 4 weeks of daily feeding procedure with fixed time schedule for 60 seconds per day, the experimental group showed significant differences than the control in the amount of water consumption as compared with their baseline water intakes. At the same periods, there were no differences between the experimental group and the control in body weight. 2) The clomipramine treated group and the fluoxetine treated group showed significant decrease in the amount of water intake as compared with their baseline of polydipsic water intakes for 3 weeks of treatment. However, the haloperidol treated group and the vehicle control group showed no changes of amounts of water intake for 3 weeks of treatment as compared with their baseline of polydipsic water intakes. 3) At 2 weeks of drug treatment, clmipramine treated group(16.88±6.51ml) and the fluoxetine treated group(22.50±10.35ml) showed significantly lower amounts of water intake than the haloperidol treated group (41.25±7.06ml) or vehicle control group(37.50±12.54ml). And also the clomipramine treated group(13.75±5.18ml) and the fluoxetine treated group(18.75±3.54ml) showed significantly lower amounts of water intake than the haloperidol group(35.00±11.65ml) and the vehicle control(34.38±6.78ml) at 3 weeks of drug treatment. Above findings suggest that the fixed time feeding procedure for schedule-induced polydipsia as an animal model of obsessive compulsive disorder was effective to the evaluation of pharmacological challenge study. The author confirmed that schedule-induced polydipsia was successfully decreased for 3 weeks of administration of clomipramine and fluoxetine but there was no response to haloperidol.
안기완,홍승만,전의섭 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.2
Iron deficiency is a common one of nutritional deficiency, which denotes a deficit in total body iron. resulting from iron requirements that exceed iron supply. It remains the most common cause of anemia, both in the Korea and world wide. The development of iron deficiency progresses in stage. storage iron depletion occurs first. at this stage, a bone marrow aspirate staine with Prussan blue shows marked reduced or absent deposits of iron in macrophages and accompained by a decreased in the level of serum ferritin. in the next stage, the iron binding capacity of the serum rises, followed by a drop in serum iron. the final stage is the development of microcytic and hypochromic in circulating red cells. Bone marrow examinations is not essential diagnostic modality of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), but is necessary for early definitive diagnosis of IDA. So, We studied 65 cases of IDA patients who were performed bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. and 60 cases of normal healthy control from January 1990 to necember 1993 in Cho-sun University. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1) The total number of 65 patients were 26 males and 39 females. The peak incidence was at ages of 21-30 years and mean ages was 34.8 years. 2) Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common cause of IDA (gastric ulcer 23.1%, duodenal ulcer 9.2%, gastric cancer 9.2% and hemorrhagic gastritis 4.2 %). 3) Most patients showed medical attention because of general (61.5%), gastrointestinal (58.5%) or cardio-pulmonary (36.9%)symptoms. 4) The mean hemoglobin level was 7.71± 0.83 g/dl, Mean corpuscular volume(MCV) 71.63± 4.56 fL, Red cell volume distribution width(RDW) 17.23±0.72 %, corrected reticulocyte 1.49±0.45%, serum iron 35.07±25.45 ug/dl, TIBC 352.44±43.99 ug/dl and serum ferritin 8.93±8.42 ng/ml. The peripheral red cell morphology was mainly microcyhz and hypochromic ficture(89.2% and 87.7%). Bone marrow iron stians showed that the suitable iron was absent, grade 0 in 92.3% and grade 1 in 7.7% 5) All cases were treated with iron preparation and 26.2% with blood transfusion(from 1 unit to 15 units). 69.2% showed complete recovery with therapeutic maneuvers and 30.1% relapse or no reponse which was probably stemmed from uncorretability(9.2%), uncooperability (9.2%), side effect(3.1%) and replapse of underlying diseases(6.2%). IDA is not definitive diagnosis, but one of the clinical sign of etiologic diseases. So, for the definintive treatment. it is important that the etiologic diseases were corrected.
노후화영향을 고려한 S.R.C.기둥과 R.C.기둥의 시간의존적 신뢰성 해석
손승현,김희규,홍기섭,홍영균 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)
The structures are generally deteriorated with time, and then the strengths of them shall be lowered. Considering decrepitude, the strengths of a steel reinforced concrete (S.R.C.) and reinforced concrete (R.C.) columns are affected by variations in the strengths of concrete and steel, the cross-sectional dimensions of concrete and steel section, the placement of steel section and reinforcing bars and the strength model itself: Their factors are stochastic variables; elapsed time after construction, crack and neutralization or carbonation of concrete, corrosion of reinforcing bars, etc. On each case of S.R.C & R.C. columns, these several variables, the strengths which have been acquired by using Time Dependent Reliability analysis method, will be analyzed and compared with the strength by reinforced concrete criteria and LRFD(Load & Resistance Factor Design) criteria. The stochastic strengths of members suggested in this study will be useful for the life-cycle management.
Clozapine이 백서의 Schedule-Induced Polydipsia에 미치는 영향
이기철,정홍경,이정호,홍승범,최영민,전성일,정재현,하준명 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.2
Object : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of clozapine which is one of most useful atypical antipsychotics in the schedule-induced polydipsic rat which is an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods : Spraque-Dawley rats were placed in automatic cage where a pellet dispenser automatically dispensed 90mg pellets on a fixed-time 60 seconds(FT- 60s) feeding schedule over 150-minute test session for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of daily exposure to the FT-60s feeding schedule, experimental rats met a predetermined criterion for polydipsic behavior(greater than 3 times of water per session on average). Rats were stratified into clozapine(0.34mg/kg,i.p.), clozapine(14.63mg/kg,i.p.), clomlpramine(5mg/kg,i .p.), and vehicle (1cc/kg,i.p.) group and treated with each drugs for 3 weeks. To identify the non-polydipsic food-deprived rats, a separate group of rats(N=8) were individually housed and given a single bolus(14.5gm) of food per day which maintained them at their average body weight. Results : The results were as follows ; 1)After 4 weeks of scheduled feeding procedure, the experimental group showed significant differences than bolus control in the amount of water consumption as compared with their baseline of water intakes for 4 weeks. At the same periods, there were no differences between the experimental group and bolus control in the borty weight. 2)The clomipramine group, the clozapine 0.34mg group and the clozapine 14.63mg group showed significant decrease in the amount of water intake for at 2nd & 3rd week of drug treatment as compared with their baseline of polydipsic water intakes. But, the vehicle control group showed no changes of amounts of water intake for 3 weeks of treatment as compared with their baseline of polydipsic water intakes. Conclusion : Above findings suggest that the fixed time feeding Procedure for Schedule induced polydipsia as an animal model of obsessive compulsive disorder was effective to the evaluation of pharmacological challenge study. In clinical situation, the authors suggest that atypical antipsychotic drugs which act as serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonist may be helpful to improve the symptoms of the patients with treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.
이중 산화구 시스템에서 HRT에 따른 유기물 및 영양염류의 처리성 평가
윤조희,김승현,이상훈,정기홍 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 환경연구 Vol.22 No.-
This study was conducted to estimate treatability of organics and nutrients at new developed double oxidation ditch system when the ratio of anoxic/oxic basin volume was 1. An internal recycle pump did not need because of using with port and baffle in this system. The results obtained from this study were as follows. The removal efficiency for TOC was over 93%, and the removal rate was 1215.3 g/㎥/day when the HRT was over 8hr. The removal efficiency for TIN was over 85%, and the maximum removal rate was 110.6 g/㎥/day when the HRT was over 16hr. The removal efficiency for PO₄^(3-)-P was 83%, and the maximum removal rate was 25.4 g/㎥/day when the HRT was 16hr.