한국형 후각검사 KVSS Test의 개발

홍석찬,유영석,김은서,김석천,박수홍,김진국,강성호 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7

Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

WTO 加入에 따른 中國 外貨導入法과 政策의 改編方向

김부찬,송석언,김여선 제주대학교 동아시아연구소 2000 東아시아硏究論叢 Vol.11 No.-

피드백 제공자에 따른 초등학생들의 과학 학업 성취도 차이 및 피드백에 대한 반응

김찬종,오필석,전진구 한국초등과학교육학회 2005 초등과학교육 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 교사와 학생들에 의해 제공되는 피드백이 초등학생들의 과학 학업 성취도에 미치는 효과의 차이를 알아보고, 서로 다른 주체에 의해 제공되는 피드백에 관한 초등학생들의 반응을 조사하는 것이다. 초등학교 6학년 세 개 학급을 선정하여 총 9차시의 수업이 진행되는 동안 주기적으로 형성 평가를 실시하고, 형성 평가 결과에 대한 피드백 제공 여부 및 피드백 제공자를 달리하는 수업 처치를 적용하였다. 실험 집단 1에서는 교사에 의한 서술식 피드백과 강의식 피드백이 제공되었으며, 실험 집단 2에서는 학생들이 소집단으로 나뉘어 동료들 간에 피드백을 교환하였고, 통제 집단에는 형성 평가에 대한 피드백을 제공하지 않았다. 수업 처치 후에 실시된 과학 학업 성취도 검사 결과에 따르면, 피드백을 제공 받은 학생들의 과학 학업 성취도가 피드백을 제공 받지 않은 학생들에 비하여 통계적으로 유의미한 수준에서 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 차이는 교사에게서 피드백을 제공 받은 집단과 피드백을 베공 받지 않은 집단 사이에서 발견되었다. 또, 실험 집단 1과 2에서 학업 성취 수준에 따라 선정된 학생들과의 면담 결과, 학생들은 교사에 의해 제공되는 피드백에 대하여 긍정적으로 반응한 반면, 동료에 의해 제공되는 피드백에 관해서는 상대적으로 부정적으로 반응하였다. 특히, 피드백에 대한 반응은 학생들의 과학 학업 성취도 수준에 따라 차이를 보였다. 즉, 교사에 의해 피드백을 제공받은 집단에서 과학 학업 성취도가 낮은 학생들은 교사의 서술식 피드백 보다는 강의식 피드백을 선호하였으며, 동료 간에 피드백을 주고 받은 집단에서 과학 학업 성취도가 높은 학생들은 많은 양의 피드백을 제공해야 하는 자신의 역할에 거부감을 가지고 있었고, 과학 학업 성취 수준이 낮은 학생들은 자신이 작성하는 피드백에 대한 자신감을 결여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 연구의 결과를 토대로, 초등학교 교실에서는 학생들의 학습을 돕기 위하여 피드백을 고려한 수업이 지속적으로 이루어져야 하며, 특히 학생들 간의 교수 행위를 바탕으로 하는 수업 전략이 시행될 때에는 학생들의 학업 성취 수준에 따라 적절하게 다르게 처방된 전략이 동원되어야 한다는 것을 제안하였다. The goal of this study was to investigate the differences in the effect of feedback from different providers on elementary school students' science achievement and to examine the responses of the students regarding the feedback. Three 6th grade classes were chosen to be assigned as experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and control group, respectively. In experimental group 1, the teacher provided feedback with students concerning the formative evaluations which were conducted periodically. Experimental group 2 was the one in which students were organized into small groups to compose and exchange feedback with one another. No feedback was offered to students in the control group. The results of the science achievement test indicated that the provision of feedback by the teacher resulted in more gains in student academic achievement. The interviews with students revealed that the learners made positive responses to the feedback provided by the teacher while they showed negative attitudes toward the feedback exchange among students. There were also differences in student responses to feedback between high and low achievers in science. Implications for science lessons and science education research were presented and discussed.

고주파용 칩인덕터 유리소재 개발

김영호,송민석,윤영진,박찬욱,이재열 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2003 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.31 No.1

The glass systems of SiO_2-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-K_2O were fabricated with the composition of SiO_2 65∼76wt%, B_2O_3 20∼30wt%, Al_2O_3 0.3∼4.5wt%, and K_2O 0.5∼2.5wt% for mother glass of high frequency chip inductor. The glasses were prepared by quenching the melt from 1500℃ and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The specimens were prepared with composites of ball milled glasses powder mixed with 0∼50wt% of alumina powder. After heat treating at 850℃∼950℃, sintering behaviors were observed by measuring the density of specimens as a function of temperature and the amount of alumina. Dielectric constants and dissipation factors were evaluated with HP-4192A as well as other crucial properties such as strength, softening point and thermal expansion. The density, dielectric constant and dissipation factor of specimen were 2.61g/㎟, 5.9∼6.2 and 0.0013∼0.0016 at 1㎒, respectively.

서보디네이션 크라스가 회전에 의하여 결정되는 해석함수의 계수들에 대하여

金錫燦 國立 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Let R be the class of analytic function F such that co s(F)={∫rF(xz)dμ(x):μ∈Λ} where Λ is the set of all probability measures on Γ=δU={ㅣzㅣ=1}. We find the necessary conditions of ㅣAbㅣ for F(z)=∑??Anzⁿ to be in R.

만성 강박장애 환자의 정서처리 특성 : 정신분열병 환자 및 정상인과의 비교

석정호,김재진,전종희,이홍식,안석균,이은,김찬형 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives : Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) tends to take chronic course as schizophrenia. Researchers reported that OC patients had idiosyncratic sensitivity to threat-related information, while schizophrenic patients were reported to have affec-tive blunting. We hypothesized that there might be a difference in emotional response between OCD and SPR in cronic phase. Methods : Eight different emotional tasks were done by 25 healthy controls, 21 OCD patients and 25 SPR patients. Visual stimuli were made by pairing two words or pictures. Four kinds of emotional stimuli (positive, negative, combined and neutral)were presented to subjects through monitor and they were asked to report their subjective feelings by pushing mouse button, In the combined condition, a pair of positive words (or pictures) and negative words (or pictures) were presented simultaneously. The responses and response time were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 9.0 package. Results : In the negative condition, OCD group didn't show any deficit compared to healthy group. But SPR group showed significantly lower appropriate response rate than healthy group, In the combined condition, OCD and healthy control group Showed 'negativity bias' which SPR group didn't show. In the positive condition, however, OCD and SPR groups did show Significantly lower appropriate response rate than healthy controls. Conclusion : Our results suggested that OCD patients may not have deficits in the processing of negative emotion even in the chronic phase but to have a specific deficit in positive emotion. This result supports the 'threat-relatedness hypothesis' on attentional bias of OCD.

조형된 연골막판을 사용한 이개재건에 대한 실험적 연구

김성수,배용찬,정성훈,김석권 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.4

Although carved cartilage grafts from rib are commonly used for ear reconstruction, it is difficult to mimic a normal pinna and these reconstructions are so firm and unnatural. Therefore, we had a basic experimental study for a new technique of ear reconstruction. We tried to creat a cartilage framework by moulding the perichondrial flap experimentally. The perichondrial flap with the vascular pedicle of the central vessels was elevated in rabbit ear and placed between the leaves of a silastic mould. This preparation was placed in a pocket under adjacent scalp and sic and eight weeks later the preparations was harvested and assessed gross and histological findings. The moulded perichondrial flap was well developed and a thin cartilage layer was recognized within the convolutions created by the mould. Grossly, it was not so firm but relatively soft and there was little difference between at six and eight weeks. Histologically, viable new chondrocytes and active cartilage formation were demonstrated in the perichondrium at both six and eight weeks. The moulded cartilage which was harvested after 6 weeks was irregular in thickness and it's chondrocytes were not completely developed. However, the cartilage which was harvested after eight weeks was relatively regular in thickness and it's cells, especially centrally located, were fully developed. Clinically, ear reconstructive may be completed by implantation of this moulded cartilage as traditional reconstructive method. Otherwise, this moulded cartilage can be harvested with its vascular pedicle and the pedicle can be anastomosed with superficial temporal artery. And then a split thickness skin graft on the perichondrium enveloping the moulded cartilage or covering with skin flap which was expanded with tissue expander may complete the ear reconstruction in single stage operation. If further investigations for materials of the mould, optimal period for maximum cartilage synthesis and durability of moulded cartilage are studied, this moulded perichondrial flap technique provides the potential advantage of ear reconstructions.

정신분열증 환자에서 주관적 음성증상경험의 임상적 의의

김지웅,김찬형,구민성,손석한,박진철,최문종,이은철,윤도준,이홍식 대한신경정신의학회 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.1

연구목적 : 현재까지 정신분열증의 음성증상평가는 주로 객관적인 평가에만 의존해왔기 때문에, 환자들이 주관적으로 직접 경험하는 음성증상의 평가는 경시된 경향이 있었다. 그러나 실제 많은 정신분열증 환자들은 음성증상을 자가하고 있다. 특히, 개관적인 양성 및 음성증상이 관찰되지 않는 경우에도 환자 본인은 음성증상으로 괴로워한다는 이전의 연구보고들이 있었다. 따라서 저자들은 주관적인 음성증상경험과 개관적인 양성증상 및 음성 증상, 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로증상과의 상관성을 알아봄으로써 정신분열증의 정신병리에 있어 주관적 음성증상의 존재를 규명하고, 정신분열증 정신병리의 발생기전을 유추해보며 이차적 음성증상과의 관계를 규명하고자 하였으며. 이러한 연구가 정신분열증 정신병리를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐 아니라 환자를 공감적으로 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되어 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준의 정신분열증 진단기준에 해당하는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 주관적인 음성증상의 평가를 위해서 Scale for the Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms : Korean version(KSENS)을 이용하였고, 개관적인 정신분열증 정신병리의 평가는 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PNASS)를 이용하였다. 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로증상의 평가를 위해서 각각 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale(ESRS)을 이용하였다. 각 정신병리척도 점수간의 상관성은 Spearman 상관계수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : K-SENS 24항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 PANSS 양성척도점수 사이에는 유의한 상관점이 있었으며 (r=-0.40, p〈0.05), 양성증상 중에서도 특히 과대성(r=-0.46, p〈0.05), 의심/피해(r=-0.34, p〈0.05), 적개심(r=-0.52, p〈0.05) 등의 증상과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. K-SENS 24 항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 PANSS 전체점수(r=-0.25, p〉0.05), PANSS 음성척도점수(r=-0.20, p〉0.05), PANSS 일반정신병리척도(r=-0.08, p〉0.05),와는 각각 유의한 상관성이 없었다. K-SENS 24항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 HAM-D 점수(r=-0.01, p〉0.05), HAM-A 점수(r=-0.11, p〉0.05), ESRS 총점(r=0.34, p〉0.05)은 각각 유의한 상관성이 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과에서, 정신분열증 환자들이 불편한 것으로 경험하는 주관적 음성증상과 과대성, 의심/피해, 적개심 같은 양성증상은 역상관관계가 있었으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 양성증상이 주관적으로 불편하게 느끼는 음성증상에 대한 가능성과, 혹은 양성증상이 심할 경우, 이에 압도되어 음성증상을 주관적으로 느끼지 못할 수 있다는 가능성이 시사되었으며, 향후 종적인 연구를 통해 이를 규명해 볼 필요성이 제시되었다. 주관적인 음성증상경험과 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로 증상과는 상관성이 없는 것으로 나타나서 이들 증상과는 독립적인 증상임을 시사한다. Objective : Since the evaluation of negative symptoms has depended on the clinician's objective observation, the patients subjective experience of negative symptoms has been neglected. However, in fact, a lot of patients are aware of their negative symptoms. There are several reported suggesting that patients suffer from the subjective experiences of their deficit symptoms, even though the objective positive and negative symptoms cannot be observed. Under these circumstances, we have attempted this study with the idea that it would be helpful in understanding the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Also it would help clarifying the relationship between subjective experience of negative symptoms and objectives positive and negative symptoms, depression anxiety symptoms, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Method : All the 37 patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅵ for schizophrenia. The subjective experiences of negative symptoms were evaluated using Scale for the Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms : Korean version(KSENS), and for the depression, anxiety, extrapyramidal symptoms, we used Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), and Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale(ESRS). The correlation between each psychopathology was tested by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient. Results : There was a significant correlation between the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and the score of PANSS positive subscale(γ=-0.40, p〈0.05), Among the positive symptoms, grandiosity(γ=-0.46, p〈0.05), suspiciousnes/persecution(γ=-0.34, p〈0.05), and hostility(γ=-0.52, p〈0.05) showed a significant correlation with the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS. There was no significant correlation between the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and PANSS total score(γ=-0.25, p〉0.05), or negative subscale score(γ=-0.20, p〉0.05), or general psychology subscale score(γ=-0.08, p〉0.05), respectively. There was no significant correlation between ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and HAM-D(γ=-0.01, p〉0.05), or HAM-A(γ=-0.11, p〉0.05), ESRS(γ=0.34, p〉0.05), respectively. Conclusion : These revealed that the negative correlation between the subjective negative symptoms experienced as an uncomfortable ones and the objective symptoms such as grandiosity, suspiciousness/persecution, and hostility. From these results, the possibility that positive symptoms are used as a defense to hide from the negative symptoms because they are overwhelmed by their positive symptoms, is suggested. These results also suggest that subjective experiences of negative symptoms are independent from depression, anxiety and extrapyramidal symptoms.

鼻毛의 白毛發生에 의한 年齡推定

김진국,홍석찬,진정언,박의우,김동욱 大韓法醫學會 1999 대한법의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The gray vibrissae of Korean males(n= 189) between 15 and 75 years old and females(n=111) between 15 and 74 years old whop visited the department of otorhinolaryngology, Konkuk university Chungju hospital during 1996 to 1998, were counted for the purpose of estimating approximate age range in individuals of unknown age. The lowest age appearing gray hairs in both sexes was 15-year-old. The Pearson's correlation coefficient in both sexes was 0.490 (p<0.01). The age appearing gray vibrissae in females was slightly earlier than that of males, however, the differences between right and left sides of nasal cavity were insignificant. This method of counting gray vibrissae would be useful to estimate age range in personal identification together with other methods available until now.