The Longitudinal Trend of Cardiac Surgery in Korea from 2003 to 2013

Lee, Kyeong Soo,Kim, Chang Suk,Park, Jong Heon,Hwang, Tae Yoon,Kim, Sang Won,Sim, Sung Bo,Lee, Kun Sei The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular 2016 The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Vol.49 No.sup

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes of the utilization of operational and surgical medical care inside and outside a metropolitan area over 10 years, analyzing the residential areas of patients and the locations of medical facilities for major cardiovascular surgery. Methods: Data analysis was conducted by classifying the addresses of patients and the locations of medical care facilities of metropolitan cities and provinces, using data from the National Health Insurance Corporation from January 2003 to December 2013. Results: There is serious concentration of major heart surgery to medical facilities in Seoul; this problem has not improved over time. There were differences in percentages of surgical procedures performed in the metropolitan areas according to major diseases. In the case of Busan and Daegu provinces, at least 50% of the patients underwent surgery in medical facilities in the city, but there are other regions where the percentage is less than 50%. In the case of provinces, the percentage of surgical procedures performed in medical facilities in Seoul or nearby metropolitan cities is very high. Conclusion: Policies to strengthen the regional capabilities of heart surgery and to secure human resources are required to mitigate the concentration of patients in the capital area. Many regional multi-centers must be designated to minimize unnecessary competition among regional university hospitals and activate a win-win partnership model for medical services.

만성신부전증 환자에서 Recombinant Human Erythropoietin 치료에 따른 혈액지표와 Hemoglobin A1c에 대한 연구

이세영,배성한,변동원,서교일,유명희,김극배 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

Hemoglobin A1c is produced by a progressive, non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and hemoglobin within the erythrocytes. The HbA1c concentration is dependent on the plasma glucose level and the stage of development of the erythrocytes. Immature erythrocytes contain lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin than mature erythrocytes. HbA1c level was decreased in short RBC life span. Therefore, HbA1c level is not only measure for assessment of moderate to long term glycemic status in diabetics, but also as a possible diagnostic parameter of anemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HbA1c level in patients with chronic renal failure with anemia. HbA1c concentration, iron, ferritin, TIBC and hematologic parameters were measured before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of recombinant human erythropoietin. The HbA1c concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with cation exchange column (Pharmacia). The results were as follows; 1. The mean of hemoglobin was 8.66 g/dL in the controls and 7.84 g/dL in the patients with chronic renal failure. The mean of hematocrit was 25.19 % in the controls and 23.14 % in the patients with chronic renal failure. The mean of MCV was 93.23 fL in the controls and 92.73 fL in the patients with chronic renal failure. The mean of MCH was 32.56 pg in the controls and 31.76 pg in the patients with chronic renal failure. The mean of HbA1c was 3.15 % in the controls and 2.95 % in the patients with chronic renal failure. 2. Hematologic parameters in the patients with chronic renal failure 1) The results of hemoglobins were 7.84 g/dL, 8.11 g/dL, 8.92 g/dL, the MCH were 31.76 pg, 32.87 pg, 33.20 pg, the results of MCV were 92.73 fL, 97.37 fL, 92.85 fL at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 2) The results of hematocrits were 23.14 %, 23.73 %, 26.73 % at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 3. Iron metabolism parameters in the patients with chronic renal failure 1) The results of iron test were 180.92 ㎍/dL, 137.79 ㎍/dL, 126.83 ㎍/dL at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 2) The results of ferritin test were 1500.2 ng/ml, 1311.6 ng/ml, 1151.0 ng/ml at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 3) The results of TIBC test were 282.17 ㎍/dL, 282.45 ㎍/dL, 278.83 ㎍/dL at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 4. The results of HbA1c test were 2.95 %, 3.08 %, 3.18 % at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. It is suggested that, in patients with chronic renal failure, evaluation of HbA1c in diabetics who have anemia with chronic renal failure should be consider possible hematologic parameters, and HbA1c level would be one of the marker of anemia status, but further studies are needed.

소규모 제조업에서 재해발생과 사업장 특성간의 관련성 분석

이건세,김형수,,장성훈,정최경희,오원기,최재욱,이관형,오지영 大韓産業醫學會 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목적: 소규모 제조업 사업장의 재해 발생 유무에 따른 사업장 조직 특성을 비교하여 재해 발생과 관련된 요인을 사업장 수준에서 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 한국산업안전공단이 실시한 2004년도 산업안전 보건 동향조사 자료 중 5인 이상 50인 미만 제조업 1,886개 사업장(가중치를 부여하여 추정한 모집단 사업장은 65,921개)의 재해(산재 및 공상, 경상 포함) 발생 여부와 사업장의 조직 특성(일반적 특성, 고용특성 및 산업안전보건 특성)간 다변량 분석을, 사업장의 일반적 특성은 지역, 산업형태, 업종 등이며, 고용특성은 전체 근로자중에서 생산직 근로자의 분포, 여성근로자의 분포, 1주일 평균 근로시간, 교대근무 등이며, 산업안전보건 특성은 안전관리자/보건관리자의 선임형태, 산업안전보건위원회, 노동조합, 매월 정기안전보건교육시간, 안전보건관리 규정, 안전보건활동 점수, 안전문화 점수 등이다. 결과: 다변량 분석결과 재해가 발생한 사업장이 갖는 특성은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 사업장의 일반적 특성에서 지역별로는 경인권에 비해 전라권, 산업형태 면에서 원청에 비해 사외협력업체, 업종별로는 전자부품/통신에 비해 코크스/석유정제업, 목재/나무제품업, 음식료품, 조립 금속제품에서 위험도가 높았다. 둘째, 사업장의 고용 특성에서는 전체 구성원 중에서 생산직 근로자가 증가할수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 여성근로자의 증가할수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 감소하였다. 주당 근무시간이 증가할수록 재해 발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 교대 근무와 사업장의 재해발생과는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 셋째, 사업장의 산업안전보건 특성에서는 안전관리자가 전임으로 근무할수록, 산안전보건위원회가 활발히 활동할수록, 노동조합이 설립될수록, 안전보건규정이 갖추어지지 않을수록, 정기보건교육시간이 많을수록, 안전문화수준이 낮을수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론: 소규모제조업에서 사업장의 조직 특성에 따라 사업장 재해율이 다름을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 산업재해의 예방을 위해서는 근로자 요인이외에도 사업장 수준에서의 관련요인에 대한 접근이 필요함을 의미한다. Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between injury occurrence and workplace organization in small-sized, manufacturing factories in Korea. Methods: Using data from the 2004 Occupational Safety and Health Survey in Korea, this study compared workplace organizational factors (general characteristics, employee characteristics and health and safety characteristics) with injury occurrence of 1,866 small-sized, manufacturing factories (65,921 population factories after weighting). General characteristics of factories comprised location, type and classification of industry. Employee characteristics comprised proportion of manual workers and female workers, average working hours per week and shiftwork. Health and safety characteristics comprised type of safety and health manager, committee for occupational safety and health, labor union, health and safety regulation, monthly health and safety training time, score of health and safety activity and score of safety culture. Results: The following characteristics of injury-occurrence in small-sized, manufacturing factories were determined by multivariate analysis. In terms of general characteristics, the risk of injury-occurrence was higher in Jeolla area than Gyeongin area in outside associate than other enterprises and in coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel, wood and products of wood, food products and beverages and fabricated metal products, except machinery and furniture industries than television and communication equipment and apparatus industries. In terms of employee characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with greater proportion of manual worker and with a higher rate of working hours per week. But significantly decreased in factories with a higher proportion of female workers. In terms of health and safety characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with a self-appointed safety manager, with unorganized union, with a more active committee for occupational safety and health, with unimplemented health and safety regulation, with longer monthly safety and health training time, and with a lower score of safety culture. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that several factors of workplace organization were significantly related with injury-occurrence in factories. These findings are supposed to raise the need for making effort in workplace organization to improve injury prevention.

한국 성인에서 B형 간염 바이러스 항원 및 항체 양성율과 C형 간염 바이러스 항체 양성율에 관한 고찰

서원태,이승세 大韓輸血學會 1998 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

Methoprene이 매미나방 난소의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

이경로,오세원,강정호 건국대학교 1995 學術誌 Vol.39 No.2

매미나방(Lymantria dispar)의 발생단계에 따라 JH유사물인 methoprene(isopropyl(2E, 4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate)을 경구처리(ingestion treatment)와 도포처리(topical treatment)를 하여 난소의 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 광학현미경과 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 다자양형 난소소관으로 이루어진 난소는 복부배면에 1쌍 존재하고 각각 4개의 난소소관으로 구성되었다. 대조군에서는 전형적인 난세포의 분화가 일어났으며, 난황 축적이 진행되면서 난모세포 내에는 단백질성 난황, 지질성 난황과 글리코겐 입자들이 다량 함유되어 있었다. 난황 축적이 끝난 후에는 난황막과 난각이 형성되어 정상적인 난성숙을 하였다. 반면 methoprene 처리군은 발육이 억제되어 외형상 난소의 크기와 성숙도가 낮아져 대조군에 비하여 난소소관의 길이와 난세포의 수에서 차이를 보였으며, 난황 축적 등이 제대로 형성되지 않아 정상 성숙과 분화 과정에 연속성을 나타내지 않았다. The cellular effects of methoprene(isopropyl(2E, 4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate), juvenile hormone analogue, on fine structure in the ovary of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar were studied with light and transmission electron microscope. The ovaries of Lymantria dispar composed 4 ovarioles which are polytropic ovarioles. In the control groups, normal oocytes were matured, and then proteid yolk, lipid yolk and glycogen particles were formed in cytoplasm. In the methoprene treatment groups, morphological changes were examined. A lot of lipid vesicles and abnormal oocytes were observed in the methoprene treatments groups. There were processing of yolk formation, numerous glycogen particle and the shape of protein droplets were changed in the methoprene treatment groups. Egg maturation were not completely controlled in the methoprene treateds gypsy moth.

간호사의 직무 스트레스와 이직 간의 관련성

이은희,장세진,김현옥,노재훈,박은정,원종욱 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.2

MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂계 요업원료(Mullite,Spinel,Cordierite)의 제조 및 소결특성 : Ⅲ. 알콕사이드 졸-겔법에 의한 코디어라이트 미분말의 합성 Ⅲ.Preparation of Cordierite Fine Powder by an Alkoxide Sol-Gel Process

이홍림,김세기,이온영,정원도,김창은,이희수 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1989 논문집 Vol.21 No.1

The gel powder of cordierite composition was prepared from Mg(NO₃)₂6H₂O, Al[ OCHCH₂(CH₃)₂] ₃ and Si(OC ₂??)₄ as sources of Mg, Al and Si-components, using isopropyl alcohol al a solvent and NH₄OH as a catalyst. Due to the difference of hydrolysis rates between Si(OC₂??)₄ and Al[ OCHCH₂(CH₃)₂]₃, the small amount of spinel was formed besides the main phase, cordierite, after clacining. At 900 ℃, μ-cordierite, the low temperature metastable form, was appeared but transformed to α-phase, the high stable form, when calcined at 1100 ℃ for 2h. The specific surface area and mean particle size of powder calcined at 600 ℃ for 2h were 62m²/g and 0.552μm, respectively. However, when acetylacetone was added to Al [OCHCH₂(CH₃)₂]₃ as a stabilizer, the transformation temperature was lowered about 80 ℃. The powder calcined at 600℃ was more porous than the former, resulting the specific surface area and mean particle size of the power to be 236 m²/g and 0.724μ m, respectively.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

殺人 15例를 포함한 精神鑑定 50例에 대한 精神醫學的 考察

吳世元,李忠敬 大韓神經精神醫學會 1983 신경정신의학 Vol.22 No.4

Between Jan. 1975 and Dec.1978, the Chon Nam Provincial Mental Hospital have received 50 cases for psychiatric evaluetion from the public offices. According to our study of personal background and psychiatric examination record, about 40 cases of mental disorder were found among them. Therefore the results below are from studies done on three areas: diagnostic distribution, criminal phase, and murder characteristics. 1. The sex (N=50) was mostly male (92%). 78% of the cases were 20 to 39-year-old age group. Married patients were 40 percent and unmarried, divorced and separated patients were 60 percent. Half of them received education for one to six years only. 70 percents of them reside in the farming and fishing village by a habitation group. Furthermore about half of the cases were out of work. 2. Of the referrals, 64 percent came from the police station, and 22 percent came from the public procurator's office. 3. 72.5 percent of the diagnostic distribution (N=40) were schizophrenia. 4. In this study, 37.5 percent of the charges were murder, and followed by assault, destruction, the anti-communism law, and the disturbing pubic-peace law, etc. 5. On the targets of crime the family was 45 percent and the public office was 25 percent. 6. Act of crime were almost all due to psychotic conditions: for example delusion, hallucination, confusion and violence etc. 7. Of 15 cases of homicide, 73.3 percent had schizophrenia. 80 percent of the case were committed in summer or spring. 46.6 percent of the homicide occurred during the daytime. 8. 80 percent of the weapons used in committing the homicide were tools and blunt weapons. The places where the homicide were committed was usually one's house or next door. 9 The victims for murder were mostly consisted of the biological family: parents, life-partners, children, and sister-in-law, ect. After committing the murder, the patients didn't hide their crime, but commonly they recognized, deviated or denied their crime in part.

한국의 여성운동과 걸스카우트 운동 : 과거·현재·미래

정세화,이동원,김미숙 [외] 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구소 1988 여성학논집 Vol.5 No.-

One of the major implications of women's movements seems to lie in the fact that it tends to promote women's consciousness-raising and, thus, heighten social status of women in general. It would be very much the case when discussion centers around the emergence of Korean women's moments in modern sense. Due to the socio-political atmospheres of the late 19th century Korean society, its basic characteristics owe to strong tones of patriotic nationalism under the slogan of "learning is might enough to deal with the imperialistic foreign powers of the time." As such, ever since the introduction of women's enlightenment moments of the time, Korean women's movements have provided for the advancement of egalitarian society. However, assessing the effectiveness of programs that are practiced by the existing women's organizations in Korea, it deserves mention in that most programs are for the adult female members, assuming it would only be applicable to those adults. In this regard, it can be said that the Korean Girl Scout organization has worked a unique role to make up such voids in women's movements - most programs developed and exercised by the Girl Scout are reserved for those young girls. For instance, special activities like social services, field campaigns, and international gatherings would definitely work a profound impact in the formation of gender-role stereotypes of the youth. The present study tries to examine the Korean Girl Scout movement being the case of women's movement organization. Discussion will cover such topics as: historical reviews of Korean Girl Scout movement, principal organizational goals and its practice in real life, and internal dynamics of members between "staffs" and the ordinary members themselves-on perceptions of the movement, evaluation of leaderships, and the future orientations of the Girl Scout, etc. Various research methods are employed. Book reviews, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and participant observations are utilized, when the respective measurement is required. Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Numbers of Girl Scout membership have declined since 1980, while revealing its utmost pick up to mid-70s. In terms of regional distributions of the members, both Seoul and Kyung-Nam branches are the most prosperous. Whereas commemoration ceremonies and camping works are considered most impressive programs, membership trainings and field works are the lowest. About 70 percent of the members show their length of activities in Girl Scout less than one year. Most members are involved in the activities based on self-decision in order to have social services, club memberships, or self-actualizations. They are satisfied with most of the programs, especially when participating in the social service programs. (2) As for the staff members, about half of the leaders in the headquarters are newly appointed. Whereas majority of the 'field' staffs are young in their 20s, or 30s), other leaders are considered old (most of them are in their 40s, 50s, or 60s). Half of the leaders are involved in the activities for less than 5years. They are recruited by either colleagues' or office seniors' recommendations. Reasons to participate in the movement are to have self-actualized or to have opportunity for social services. All in all, leaders are satisfied with the Girl Scout activities mainly because they can see their youth members progressing and developing. (3) Several issues for the better organizational managements seem to be related. Prevalence of aspirational differences between leaders and members tends to cause psychological burdens. Other problematics such as lack of free communication networks, tensions due to cohort differences, authoritarian leadership styles, and financial difficulties would hinder Girl Scout movement more promising and popular to all. Based on the research findings, two major suggestions might be in order. First, underlying rationales of the Girl Scout movement should be reoriented. A special emphasis on the creation of self-supportive 'androgynous individuals' would be the case (in this regard, an intensive program targeted for those pre-school-aged members would be the most effective.) As a way to achieve the strategic reformulation, reliance on the interdisciplinary program (for example, coordination with the university) will be one possibility. Secondly, an organizational management should be sufficiently considered. Provisions (tangible and intangible) for the 'field leaders' being the key leader group in the Girl Scout movement should be afforded enough to keep their participations voluntary continuous.