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The flipped classroom model for an undergraduate epidemiology course
Sangho Sohn,Young-Mee Lee,Jaehun Jung,차은실,천병철 한국의학교육학회 2019 Korean journal of medical education Vol.31 No.2
Purpose: The flipped classroom has been suggested as a method for efficient teaching in medical education. However, its feasibility and effectiveness in the educational environment are often overlooked. The authors redesigned an epidemiology course applying the flipped classroom method under a traditional curriculum consisting of heavily scheduled classroom hours and explored its feasibility and effectiveness. Methods: In the fall semester of 2017, we flipped the ‘practice of epidemiology’ course for third-year medical students at Korea University College of Medicine. We provided online lectures and assigned readings as pre-class materials, and substituted group discussions and communicative activities for traditional lectures. We conducted pre- and post-course surveys to review students’ perceptions. We also analyzed the pre-test results and final exam scores for quantitative comparison. Results: Ninety-seven students out of 120 completed the course. Most students made use of the online lectures, but not the reading materials. Lack of time was the most frequently cited reason for under-preparedness. We observed improvements in preparedness,participation, and effectiveness at the end of the course, while changes in satisfaction were unclear. Students’ perceptions of course relevance and difficulty were predictive of pre-test outcomes, but the effects of preparedness and length of materials were insignificant.The authors found no evidence of differing test scores before and after the course. Conclusion: This study supports the feasibility of the flipped classroom model even under a traditional, heavily scheduled medical curriculum. To encourage self-directed learning and achieve better learning outcomes, restructuring pre-existing curricular components should also be considered in parallel with new instructional methods.
Sangho Sohn,Yeonjoo Seo,Yunsik Jeong,Seungwoo Lee,Jeesun Lee,이경주 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2021 보건의료교육평가 Vol.18 No.-
Purpose: In 2015, the South Korean government legislated the Act for the Improvement of Training Conditions and Status of Medical Residents (Medical Resident Act). This study investigated changes in the working and learning environment pre- and post-implementation of the Medical Resident Act in 2017, as well as changes in training conditions by year post-implementation. Methods: An annual cross-sectional voluntary survey was conducted by the Korean Intern Resident Association (KIRA) between 2016 and 2019. The learning and working environment, including extended shift length, rest time, learning goals, and job satisfaction, were compared by institution type, training year, and specialty. Results: Of the 55,727 enrollees in the KIRA, 15,029 trainees took the survey, and the number of survey participants increased year by year (from 2,984 in 2016 to 4,700 in 2019). Overall working hours tended to decrease; however, interns worked the most (114 hours in 2016, 88 hours in 2019; P<0.001). Having 10 hours or more of break time has gradually become more common (P<0.001). Lunch breaks per week decreased from 5 in 2017 to 4 in 2019 (P<0.001). Trainees’ sense of educational deprivation due to physician assistants increased from 17.5% in 2016 to 25.6% in 2018 (P<0.001). Awareness of tasks and program/work achievement goals increased from 29.2% in 2016 to 58.3% in 2018 (P<0.001). Satisfaction with the learning environment increased over time, whereas satisfaction with working conditions varied. Conclusion: The Medical Resident Act has brought promising changes to the training of medical residents in Korea, as well as their satisfaction with the training environment.
Sangho Sohn,윤석호 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.5
Reverse water-shift reaction (RWGS) is well known as an endothermic reaction to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen to carbon monoxide and water vapor at an elevated temperature above 600 °C and also considered as a syngas production process before Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis in generating the synthesis of liquid fuels. Unlike the conventional reactor types, micro-structured reactor has various advantages such as enhanced heat and mass transfer, flow uniformity, higher surface-to-volume ratio, safe processing and easier scale-up. In particular, this paper aims to invesitgate the conversion performance of RWGS reaction in catalyst-coated microchannel reactor whose inside surface is coated with Nicatalyst by utilizing CFD simulations including chemical kinetics. The analytical model is developed to describe heat and mass transfer with chemical reaction in catalyst-coated microchannel. The effect of channel size, gas velocity, operating temperature, inlet gas composition (molar ratio of H 2 /CO 2 ) and catalytic area ratio is evaluated by displaying CO 2conversion, temperature distribution, heat transfer, and reaction rate.
Sohn, Sangho,Cho, Wonju,Kim, Jin A,Altaluoni, Alaa,Hong, Kwan,Chun, Byung Chul The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2019 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.52 No.2
Objectives: Many studies have explored the relationship between short-term weather and its health effects (including pneumonia) based on mortality, although both morbidity and mortality pose a substantial burden. In this study, the authors aimed to describe the influence of meteorological factors on the number of emergency room (ER) visits due to pneumonia in Seoul, Korea. Methods: Daily records of ER visits for pneumonia over a 6-year period (2009-2014) were collected from the National Emergency Department Information System. Corresponding meteorological data were obtained from the National Climate Data Service System. A generalized additive model was used to analyze the effects. The percent change in the relative risk of certain meteorological variables, including pneumonia temperature (defined as the change in average temperature from one day to the next), were estimated for specific age groups. Results: A total of 217 776 ER visits for pneumonia were identified. The additional risk associated with a $1^{\circ}C$ increase in pneumonia temperature above the threshold of $6^{\circ}C$ was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 to 2.61). Average temperature and diurnal temperature range, representing within-day temperature variance, showed protective effects of 0.07 (95% CI, 0.92 to 0.93) and 0.04 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98), respectively. However, in the elderly (65+ years), the effect of pneumonia temperature was inconclusive, and the directionality of the effects of average temperature and diurnal temperature range differed. Conclusions: The term 'pneumonia temperature' is valid. Pneumonia temperature was associated with an increased risk of ER visits for pneumonia, while warm average temperatures and large diurnal temperature ranges showed protective effects.