The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

중금속 오염 논토양에서 카드뮴의 부동화와 식물이용성에 대한 석회 시용 효과

홍창오 ( Chang Oh Hong ),김용균 ( Yong Gyun Kim ),이상몽 ( Sang Mong Lee ),박현철 ( Hyean Cheal Park ),김근기 ( Keun Ki Kim ),손홍주 ( Hong Joo Son ),조재환 ( Jae Hwan Cho ),김필주 ( Pil Joo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.1

석회시용에 의한 카드뮴의 부동화와 식물이용성 저감효과를 구명하기 위해 우리나라의 대표적인 석회비료인 소석회를 선정하여 소석회에 의한 논토양 내 카드뮴의 부동화 기작과 벼의 카드뮴 흡수특성을 조사하였다. 소석회는 토양의 pH와 음하전도를 증대시켜 카드뮴의 흡착을 증대시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 소석회의 처리량을 증가시킴에 따라 식물이 이용하기 쉬운 형태인 유효태 카드뮴과 치환성 및 carbonate 결합태 카드뮴의 함량이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 소석회를 8,000 mg/kg 과량으로 시용하였을 때 CdCO3 형태로의 침전이 가능하였을 것으로 판단되나 8,000 mg/kg 이하로 처리하였을 때 CdCO3나 Cd(OH)2 형태로의 침전은 없었던 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 토양의 pH와 음하전도는 유효태 카드뮴과치환성 및 carbonate 결합태 카드뮴의 함량과 유의한 부의상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 소석회에 의한 토양 내 카드뮴의 부동화는 CdCO3나 Cd(OH)2 형태로의 침전형성에 의한 것이 아니라 pH와 음하전도의 증대에 기인된 카드뮴 이온의 흡착에 의한 것으로 판단되어 졌다. 논토양의 현장조건에서 소석회의 시용에 의한 벼의 카드뮴 흡수농도 저감효과를 시험한 결과, 소석회의 시용량을 증가시킴에 따라 벼의 카드뮴 흡수농도는 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. Research Article : BACKGROUND : Many studies associated with cadmium (Cd) immobilization using lime fertilizer have been conducted for several decades. However, these studies did not suggest exact mechanism of Cd immobilization using lime fertilizer and evaluated effect of lime fertilizer on Cd phytoavailability in rice paddy soil under field condition. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to determine exact mechanism of Cd immobilization using lime fertilizer and evaluate liming effect on Cd uptake of rice in contaminated paddy soil. Ca(OH)2 was mixed with Cd contaminated arable soil at rates corresponding to 0, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg/kg. The limed soil was moistened to paddy soil condition, and incubated at 25℃ for 4 weeks. NH4OAc extractable Cd concentration in soil decreased significantly with increasing Ca(OH)2 rate, since Ca(OH)2 markedly increased net negative charge of soil by pH increase, and decreased bioavailable Cd fractions (F1; exchangeable + acidic and reducible Cd fraction). Calculated solubility diagram indicated that Cd solubility was controlled by soil-Cd. NH4OAc extractable Cd and F1 concentration were negatively related to soil pH and negative charge. Ca(OH)2 was applied at rates 0, 2, 4, and 8 Mg/ha and then cultivated rice in the paddy soil under field condition. Cadmium concentrations in grain, straw, and root of rice plant decreased significantly with increasing application rate of Ca(OH)2. CONCLUSION(S): Alleviation of Cd phytoavailability with Ca(OH)2 can be attributed primarily to Cd immobilization due to the increase in soil pH and negative charge rather than precipitation of Cd(OH)2 or CdCO3, and therefore, Ca(OH)2 is effective for reducing Cd phytoavailability of rice in paddy soil.

Novel (1 <i>E</i> ,3 <i>E</i> ,5 <i>E</i> )-1,6- <i>bis</i> (Substituted phenyl)hexa-1,3,5-triene Analogs Inhibit Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells and Zebrafish

Oh, Jisun,Kim, Jungeun,Jang, Jin Ho,Lee, Sangwoo,Park, Chul Min,Kim, Woo-Keun,Kim, Jong-Sang MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.4

<P>The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-melanogenic activity of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and its derivatives in B16F10 murine melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. Twenty five (1<I>E</I>,3<I>E</I>,5<I>E</I>)-1,6-<I>bis</I>(substituted phenyl)hexa-1,3,5-triene analogs were synthesized and their non-cytotoxic effects were predictively analyzed using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship approach. Inhibitory activities of these synthetic compounds against melanin synthesis were determined by evaluating melanin content and melanogenic regulatory enzyme expression in B16F10 cells. The anti-melanogenic activity was verified by observing body pigmentation in zebrafishes treated with these compounds. Compound <B>#2</B>, <B>#4</B>, and <B>#6</B> effectively decreased melanogenesis induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. In particular, compound <B>#2</B> remarkably lowered the mRNA and protein expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and TYRP2 in B16F10 cells and substantially reduced skin pigmentation in the developed larvae of zebrafish. These findings suggest that compound <B>#2</B> may be used as an anti-melanogenic agent for cosmetic purpose.</P>

Neural Interface with a Silicon Neural Probe in the Advancement of Microtechnology

Oh, Seung-Jae,Song, Jong-Keun,Kim, Sung-June The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2003 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.8 No.4

In this paper we describe the status of a silicon-based microelectrode for neural recording and an advanced neural interface. We have developed a silicon neural probe, using a combination of plasma and wet etching techniques. This process enables the probe thickness to be controlled precisely. To enhance the CMOS compatibility in the fabrication process, we investigated the feasibility of the site material of the doped polycrystalline silicon with small grains of around 50 nm in size. This silicon electrode demonstrated a favorable performance with respect to impedance spectra, surface topography and acute neural recording. These results showed that the silicon neural probe can be used as an advanced microelectrode for neurological applications.

Decoherence effects on the entangled states in a noisy quantum channel

Keun Ai Kim,Hyegeun Min,안도열,Sung Dahm Oh 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.2

Decoherence in a two-qubit system caused by interaction with its environment is an interesting problem to study for quantum communication. We present noise models for the two-qubit states by using Kraus operators for each noisy channel; especially bit ip, bit-phase ip, phase ip, phase damping, amplitude damping, and depolarizing channels. By analyzing the possible quantum information changes of the six noisy channels, we use quantum entropy to discuss variations of their delity and mixedness. In addition, in order to compare the degree of entanglement between the initial and the output, we investigate the concurrence.

A Study on the Optimization of Physical and Chemical Parameters for the Precipitate of Sodium Alkylsulfate with Cetylpyridinium Chloride

Oh, Sun-Wha,Moon, Sung-Doo,Lee, Don-Keun,Lee, Dong-Jae,Kang, Young-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.2

The optimum conditions for the most effective precipitate of surfactant complex of sodium alkylsulfate with cetylpyridinium chloride were studied in the aqueous solution. The parameters such as the alkyl chain length of anionic surfactants, molar ratio of two surfactants, temperature and the concentration of added NaCl in the aqueous solution were correlatively studied for the productivity of the precipitate formation. By the productivity, the optimum conditions to produce complex of anionic surfactant with cationic surfactant were the longer alkyl chain, equivalent molar ratio between anionic and cationic surfactants, 0 $^{\circ}C$ and 1.5 M NaCl.

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Addition of Benzylamines to β-Cyanostilbenes in Acetonitrile

Oh, Hyuck-Keun,Kim, In-Kon,Sung, Dae-Dong,Lee, Ik-Choon Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.4

Nucleophilic addition reactions of benzylamines $(XC_6H_4CH_2NH_2)\;to\;{\beta}$-cyanostilbenes ($YC_6H_4CH=C(CN)C_6H_4$Y’) have been studied in acetonitrile at 30.0 oC. A greater degree of N-$C_{\alpha}$ bond formation (larger ${\beta}_X$) is obtained with a stronger electron-withdrawing substituent in either ${\alpha}-\;(\delta\sigma_Y\;{\gt}\;0)\;or\;{\beta}-ring\;(\delta\sigma_{Y'}\;{\gt}$ 0). A stronger charge development is observed in the TS on $C_{\beta}\;(\rho_{Y'}$= 1.06 for X=Y=H) rather than on $C_{\alpha}\;(\rho_{Y}$ = 0.62 for X=Y’H) indicating the lag in the resonance development into the activating group (CN) on $C_{\beta}$ in the transition state. Similarly, the magnitude of $\rho$$_{XY'}$(−0.72) is greater than $\rho_{XY}$ (−0.66) due to a stronger interaction of the nucleophile with $\beta$-ring than $\alpha$-ring. The positive sign of $\rho_{YY'}$correctly reflects $\pi$ bond cleavage between the two rings in the TS. Relatively large kinetic isotope effects ($k_H/k_D\;{\geq}$ 2.0) involving deuterated nucleophiles ($XC_6H_4CH_2ND_2$) suggest a four-membered cyclic TS in which concurrent N-C$_{\alpha}$ and H(D)-C$_{\beta}$ bond formation occurs.

Design and Synthesis of Antibacterial Pseudopeptides with a Potent Antibacterial Activity and More Improved Stability from a Short Cationic Antibacterial Peptide

Oh, Hyun-Sik,Ko, Sung-Sin,Cho, Hyeong-Jin,Lee, Keun-Hyeung Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.1

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Aminolysis of Anilino Thioethers with Benzylamines in Acetonitrile

Oh, Hyuck-Keun,Lee, Jae-Myun,Sung, Dae-Dong,Lee, Ik-Choon Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.4

The aminolyses of anilinothioethers $(C_6H_5N(CH_3)CH_2SC_6H_4Z)$ in acetonitrile with benzylamines $(XC_6H_4CH_2NH_2)$ have been investigated. The rates are much lower in acetonitrile than in methanol (with aniline). The Bronsted ${\beta}_X$ values are similar but ${\beta}_Z$ values are smaller compared to those for the reactions in MeOH with anilines. The large negative ${\rho}_{XZ}({\cong}-0.8$, after correction for fall-off) value is interpreted to indicate a frontside attack $S_N2$ mechanism, in which the two oppositely changed reaction centers in the TS, $-N^{{\delta}+}{\cdots}S^{{\delta}-}-$, are in close vicinity increasing the interaction between nucleophile and leaving group. The inverse secondary kinetic isotope effects ($k_H/k_D$ < 1.0) are observed with deuterated benzylamines $(XC_6H_4CH_2ND_2)$.

Ligation Independent Cloning Vectors for HIgh-throughput Gene Cloning and Transient Expression in Plants

Sang-Keun Oh,Saet-Byul Kim,Chung-Yun Bae,Sophien Kamoun,Doil Choi 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-