한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

당뇨병 백서의 간세포에서 Glucokinase 활성도 및 유전자 발현에 대한 인슐린의 영향

강성이,팽정령,서광식,안규정,우정택,김성운,양인명,김진우,김영설,김광원,최영길 경희대학교 유전공학연구소 1993 遺傳工學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

목적 당대사의 조절 상태에 따른 생체 변화를 분자 수준에서 이해하고자 식이 조건을 달리한 정상 백서와 화학적으로 유도된 당뇨병 백서의 간조직에서 혈당수준과 인슐린치료 정도에 따라 나타나는 글루코키나제 활성도 및 유전자 발현을 분석하였다. 방법 스트렙토조토신 정맥투여 후 당뇨병의 유발을 확인하고, 인슐린을 1일 3회 3일간 복강내로 투여하여 상태를 안정시킨 후, 인슐린 투여군은 인슐린 투여 6시간이내에 그리고 인슐린 비투여군은 24시간 후 단두하여 채혈하고 복강을 열어 간조직을 채취하였다. 채취한 간조직에서 글루코키나제 활성도는 인산화된 포도당에서 NADH의 형성을 형광분광계로 측정하였으며, 글루코키나제 유전자 mRNA발현은 Northern 분석법을 이용하였다. 성적 정상 백서에서 공복상태와 식이를 섭취한 경우에 간조직의 글루코키나제 효소의 활성은 차이가 없었으나, 글루코키나제 유전자 mRNA 발현은 증가되었다. 당뇨병이 유발된 백서의 간조직에서 글루코키나제 효소의 활성 및 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA 발현은 정상 백서에 비하여 낮았다. 인슐린 투쳐 후 글루코키나제 효소의 활성 및 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 증가되었고, 특히 혈당이 정상화된 경우에서 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 증가도었다. 결론 인슐린에 의한 간조직에서 글루코키나제 효소의 활성 및 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA을 증가를 볼수 있었다. 당뇨병 백서에서 인슐린 투여 후에 혈당조절이 안된 경우 간조직의 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 증가가 없는 것으로 보아 글루코키나제 mRNA의 발현에는 인슐린 이외의 다른 요소가 관여할 것으로 생각된다. The liver-specific hexokinase isoenzyme, referred to as glucokinase, is thought to play a key reglulatory role in hepatic glucose metabolism. The glucokinase gene is, therefore, of interest both because of its tissue-specific expression and because of the several regulatory processes that can be analyzed. The level of hepatic glucokinase activity appears to be determined essentially by regulation of the rate of enzyme synthesis, with insulin playing a leading role as an inducer. We investigated the role of insulin for the induction of glucokinase in the liver of diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin 7 days before the experiment. Regular insulin was given by three days intraperitoneal injection at 8-h interval. The glucokinase mRNA in the liver was estimated by Nothern blot assay, as well as by fluorometric enzyme activity assay. Glucokinase activity was not reduced in the liver of normal fasting rats as compared to normal fed rats. And glucokinase activity was reduced in the liver of diabetic rats as compared to normal rats. In diabetic rats treated with insulin, glucokinase enzyme activity were increased. But glucokinase mRNA expression was only increased in normoglycemic diabetic rat with treated with insulin as compared to hyperglycemic rat. These data indicate that insulin stimulates hepatic glucokinase enzyme activity and mRNA expression. But other hormonal or metabolic factors may be contribute to regulation of glucokinase mRNA expression.

혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

오리부산물과 한약재를 이용한 추출액의 영양성분 및 중금속 노출에 대한 피해 완화 효과 : (Ⅱ) 중금속 노출에 대한 오리추출액의 피해 완화 효과 (Ⅱ) Damage Mitigation Effects on Heavy-metals Exposure of Peking-Duck By-Product Extracts

한종현,이우진,조성균,이미정,정미란,전정우,김운영,박성혜 동아시아식생활학회 2003 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.13 No.4

This study was performed to investigate the effects of peking-duck extracts added with medicinal herbs(DJ) on the intoxication of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, As) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150±15g, were randomly assigned to 5 groups: basal diet only in normal control group(NCG); basal diet and heavy metals without DJ injection in heavy metal control group(HMC); basal diet, heavy metals and DJ(3㎎/㎖) injection in heavy metal low duck juice group(HMLD), basal diet, heavy metals and DJ(30㎎/㎖) injection in heavy metal middle duck juice group(HMMlD); basal diet, heavy metal and DJ(300㎎/㎖) injection in heavy metal high duck juice group(HMHD). Hg and As was injected by 50ppm and Cd and Pb by 25ppm for 17days. Also DJ oral feeding was conducted for 28days. The result of this study were as follows: Food intake and body weight gain in heavy metal administered groups were lower than those of NCG. Liver, kidney and testis weights were not significantly different among 5 groups. GOT, GPT and BUN activities were significantly reduced in DJ treated groups as compared to HMC. DJ showed the suppressing effect on the accumulation of Hg, Pb and Cd in serum, liver and kidney. Fecal Hg and Cd excretions increased with DJ feeding. The results suggested that DJ may have some protective effects on Hg, Cd and Pb intoxication by reducing the accumulation m tissues and increasing excretion. This study also showed the effective way of using duck-extract and its application to the oriental medicine.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

새로운 구조의 챠지펌프 방식를 사용한 직류-직류 변환기설계

한정우,손상희 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2014 産業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

In this paper, output voltage conversion type of DC to DC converter using charge pump method is newly proposed and designed. In conventional cross-coupled charge pump, simulation results show that output voltage is 5.93V and efficiency is 99% and numbers of capacitor are 3 in case of step-up factor, 2. But simulation results using proposed charge pump in same condition show that output voltage is 5.96V and efficiency is 99% and numbers of capacitor are 2. From the simulation results, we know that output voltage and efficiency is similar between cross-coupled charge pump and proposed charge pump. But reducing capacitor makes chip size small and decrease cost down. In the proposed circuit, it is possible to remove the body effect secondary effective MOS by adding a body control system. It is possible to prevent that it is possible to prevent the shift in the threshold voltage of the MOS by the body controls, a result, the efficiency of the overall circuit is reduced. Also output voltage conversion is accomplished by varying the resistance ratio of the switch. Circuit simulations are executed with the design rule of magnachip 5V/30V 0.7um power-CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) process and Cadence Spectre simulator.

저작습관에 따른 교합력과 안면골격형태의 비교연구

정미라,손우성 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.3

이상적 교합이란 치아의 교합이 저작계의 다른 부분과 기능적으로 조화를 이루고, 중심교합상태에서 양측으로 동시에 균일한 접촉을 이루는 것을 말한다. 악골의 양측을 이용한 균형된 저작은 양측의 균등한 견치유도와 기능적 능력에 의해 가능해지지만 교합간섭이나 저작계에 대한 기능적 요구의 감소로 좌우측중 어느 한쪽만을 선호하는 편측 저작양상이 유도되기도 한다. 편측저작은 악골의 발육, 교합 및 안면의 전체적인 형태에 이르기까지 악안면 전체에 형태적, 기능적인 부전을 초래할 잠재성을 가진 증상이나 이에 대한 연구가 많지 않다. 본 연구는 저작습관의 분포를 알아보고, 저작습관에 따른 교합력의 차이와 안면골격형태를 비교 연구할 복적으로 시도하였다. 부산대학교 치과대학 재학생 186명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 저작습관에 따라 양측저작군과 편측저작군으로 나누어 저작습관의분포를 조사하였고, 이 중 두개안면부의 성장발육에 영향을 미칠만한 질병에 이환되지 않았고 측모가 양호하며 Angle 분류 Ⅰ급의 교합상태를 보이면서 교정치료와 보철치료를 받은 경험이 없고 악관절 질환이 없는자 중 양측저작자와 편측저작자 각각 25명을 선정하여 교합력계(MPM 3000)를 이용하여 최대교합력을 측정하고, 정모두부방사선규격사진을 촬영하여 안면골격형태를 비교연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 저작습관은 양측저작자(68%)가 많았으며, 편측저작자 중 68%는 우측을, 32%는 좌측의 저작을 선호하였다. 2. 양측저작군은 좌우측의 최대교합력이 비슷하였고, 편측저작군은 저작측이 비저작측보다 교합력이 컸으며 특히 여자에서 그 차가 뚜렷하였다. 편측저작군은 양측저작군에 비해 저작측은 교합력이 컸으며, 비저작측은 작았지만 유의성은 없었다. 저작습관에 상관없이 남자가 여자보다 교합력이 컸으며 남자는 여자의 교합력의 약 2배정도이었다. 남,녀를 합한 경우 편측저작군의 저작측은 양측저작군의 교합력과 비슷하였으나 비저작측은 그것보다 작았다. 3. 정모두부반사선규격사진을 이용하여 안면골격형태를 비교한 결과 양측저작군의 좌우측, 편측저작군의 저작측과 비저작측간에 차이가 없었다. This study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of the chewing side preference and variations in the maximum bite force and facial morphology according to chewing side preference since unilateral chewing may cause morphologic and functional anomalies. 50 dental students who had no signs or symptoms of masticatory system and Angle's Class Ⅰ relationship in posterior segments were selected, and divided into two groups, that is, 25 in bilateral chewing group(19 male and 6 female) and 25 in unilateral chewing group(10 male and 15 female). Maximum bite force was estimated and posteroanterior cephalogram were measured and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. There were more students with bilateral chewing side preference(68%) and unilateral chewing side group consisted of right side preference(68%) and left side preference(32%). 2. There was no significant difference in the strength of max. bite force between the right and left side in bilateral chewing group. The bite force of the chewing side was greater in the unilateral chewing group but less in the non-chewing side compared to those of bilateral chewing group with no significant difference. Max. bite force of chewing side was greater than that of non-chewing side in the unilateral chewing group(Female : p<0.05). Max. bite force of males was about twice in that of females in both groups(p<0.05). Max. bite force of chewing side of the unilateral chewing group was similar to that of the bilateral chewing group, but that of non-chewing side was less than that of the bilateral chewing group. 3. In comparision of the facial morphology, there was no statistically significant difference in the size between the right and left side of the bilateral chewing group and between chewing and non-chewing side of the unilateral chewing group.

민감도 분석을 이용한 필릿용접용 용접변수 선정에 관한 연구

정재원,김일수,김학형,손성우,김인주,전광석 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Arc welding process is one of the most important technologies to join metal plates. Robotic welding offers the reduced manufacturing cost sought, but its widespread use demands a means of sensing and correcting for inaccuracies in the part, the fixturing, and the robot. A number of problems that need to be addressed in robotic arc welding processes include sensing, joint tracking, and lack of adequate mathematical models for parameter prediction and quality control, Problems with parameter settings and quality control occur frequently in the GMA(Gas Metal Arc) welding process because of the large number of interactive parameters that must be set and accurately controlled. The objectives of this paper are to realize the mapping characteristics of bead width using a sensitivity analysis and develop the neural network and multiple regression method, and finally select the most accurate model in order to control the weld qua1ity(bead width) for fillet welding. The experimental results show that the proposed neural network estimator can predict bead width with reasonable accuracy, and guarantee the uniform weld quality.

BCG를 대량 투여 받은 생쥐 가슴샘 겉질의 미세구조

고정식,안의태,박경호,우성임,한영복,경홍기 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.3

골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합에서 수직적 안모형태에 따른 혀와 설골의 위치 비교

우광수,윤정현,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.5

혀와 설골의 위치가 안모형태와 어떤 양태로 상관성을 갖는지 비교평가하기 위해 69명의 성인군과 63명의 성장군에서 두부방사선계측사진을 얻었다. 성인군과 성장군에서 SN 평면에 대해 큰 하악평면각을 갖는 군과 작은 하악평면각을 갖는 군으로 구분하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.혀의 높이는, 큰 하악평면각을 갖는 군보다는 작은 하악평면각을 갖는 군에서, 성인군보다는 성장군에서 높게 나타났다. 2.설골의 수직적 높이는 큰 하악평면각을 갖는 군보다는 작은 하악평면각을 갖는 군에서, 성인군보다는 성장군에서 높게 나타났다. 3.연령과 안모형태의 수직적 분류에 따른 설골의 전후방적인 위치는 차이가 없었다. 4.두개저에 대한 설골의 기울기에 있어, 성인군보다 성장군에서 좀 더 가파른 경사도를 갖고 있었다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the position of tongue and hyoid bone in relation to vertical facial patterns in the adult and child. Lateral cephalograms taken in adults(63 cases, 11.7 years in average age) and children(69 cases, 22.6 years in average age) were traced and measured about position and posture of tongue and hyoid bone using the horizontal and vertical reference lines. The angle of mandibular plane to SN plane was employed to classify the samples into groups of hypodivergent and hyperdivergent. The comparison of the tongue/hyoid bone measurements between hypodivergent group and hyperdivergent group in the adult and child were statistically executed with Student's t-test. The results were as follows ; 1.The tongue height was lower in the hyperdivergent group than in hypodivergent group, and higher in children than in adults. 2.The vertical height of hyoid bone was higher in hypodivergent group than in hyperdivergent group and also higher in children than in adults. 3.The anteroposterior position was of no significant difference in relation to age or vertical facial pattern. 4.The inclination of hyoid bone in relation to cranial base was steeper in children than in adults.