패키지 반도체소자의 ESD 손상에 대한 실험적 연구

김상렬,김두현,강동규 한국산업안전학회 2002 한국안전학회지 Vol.17 No.4

As the use of automatic handling equipment for sensitive semiconductor devices is rapidly increased, manufacturers of electronic components and equipments need to be more alert to the problem of electrostatic discharges(ESD). In order to analyze damage characteristics of semiconductor device damaged by ESD, this study adopts a new charged-device model(CDM), field-induced charged model(FCDM) simulator that is suitable for rapid, routine testing of semiconductor devices and provides a fast and inexpensive test that faithfully represents ESD hazards in plants. High voltage applied to the device under test is raised by the field of non-contacting electrodes in the FCDM simulator, which avoids premature device stressing and permits a faster test cycle. Discharge current and time are measured and calculated. The characteristics of electrostatic attenuation of domestic semiconductor devices are investigated to evaluate the ESD phenomena in the semiconductors. Also, the field charging mechanism, the device thresholds and failure modes are investigated and analyzed. The damaged devices obtained in the simulator are analyzed and evaluated by SEM. The results obtained in this paper can be used to prevent semiconductor devices from ESD hazards and be a foundation of research area and industry relevant to ESD phenomena.

Development of Electrical Fire Detection System Applying Fuzzy Logic for Main Causes of Electrical Fire in Traditional Market Shops

Kim, Doo Hyun,Hwang, Dong Kyu,Kim, Sung Chul,Kim, Sang Ryull,Kim, Yoon Bok The Korean Society of Safety 2012 International Journal of Safety Vol.11 No.2

This paper is aimed to develop an electrical fire detection system (EFDS) which can analyze the possibility of electrical fire for overcurrent, leakage current and arc signals of panel board in traditional market shop. The EFDS adopted fuzzy logic and precursory data for overcurrent, leakage current and arc signals to evaluate the possibility of electrical fire. The signals are obtained directly from panel board in traditional market shops and fuzzy membership function is obtained from experiment, simulation, expert's advice. The overcurrent data is acquired by thermal data of normal and abnormal states (partial disconnection) on the insulated electrical wire, in accordance with the increase of the current signal, The leakage current data is obtained under various environments. The arc signal is acquisited by waveforms of instantaneous value in time domain and frequency band in frequency domain. The Fuzzy algorithm for DB of EFDS consists of fuzzification, inference engine by Mamdani's method and defuzzification by center of gravity method. In order to verify the performance and reliability of EFDS, it was applied to Jeon-Ju traditional market shops (90 shops) in Korea. Results show that EFDS in this paper is useful in alarming the fire case, which will prevent severe damage to human beings and properties, and reduce the electrical fires in a vulnerable area of electrical disaster.

Dose-volumetric Parameters for Predicting Severe Radiation Pneumonitis after Three-dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer

Kim, Tae Hyun,Cho, Kwan Ho,Pyo, Hong Ryull,Lee, Jin Soo,Zo, Jae Ill,Lee, Dae Ho,Lee, Jong Mog,Kim, Hyae Young,Hwangbo, Bin,Park, Sung Yong,Kim, Joo Young,Shin, Kyung Hwan,Kim, Dae Yong Radiological Society of North America 2005 Radiology Vol.235 No.1

<P>PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate dose-volumetric parameters for association with risk of severe (grade >/=3) radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients after three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy for lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional review board, which did not require informed consent. Data from 76 patients (66 men, 10 women; median age, 60 years; range, 35-79 years) with histologically proved lung cancer treated curatively with 3D conformal radiation therapy between August 2001 and October 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty patients underwent surgery before radiation therapy; 57 patients received chemotherapy. Median total radiation dose of 60 Gy (range, 54-66 Gy) was delivered in 30 (range, 27-33) fractions over 6 weeks. RP was scored by using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Clinical parameters were analyzed. Dose-volumetric parameters analyzed were percentage of lung volume that received a dose of 20 Gy or more (V20), 30 Gy or more (V30), 40 Gy or more (V40), or 50 Gy or more (V50); mean lung dose (MLD); normal tissue complication probability (NTCP); and total dose. Fisher exact test was performed to compare clinical parameters between patients who developed severe RP and those who did not. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate data for association between dose-volumetric parameters and severe RP. Pearson chi(2) test was used to assess data for correlations among dose-volumetric parameters. P < or = .05 was considered to indicate statistically significant difference. RESULTS: Of 76 patients, 30 (39%) did not develop RP; 23 (30%) developed RP of grade 1; 11 (14%), grade 2; 11 (14%), grade 3; and 1 (1%), grade 4. None had grade 5 RP. Age (< 60 vs > or =60), sex, Karnofsky performance status (< 70 vs > or =70), forced expiratory volume in 1 second, presence of weight loss, preexisting lung disease, history of thoracic surgery, and history of chemotherapy did not significantly differ between patients who developed severe RP and those who did not. In univariate analyses, MLD, V20, V30, V40, V50, and NTCP were associated with severe RP (P < .05). In multivariate analysis, MLD was the only variable associated with severe RP. CONCLUSION: MLD is a useful indicator of risk for development of severe RP after 3D conformal radiation therapy in patients with lung cancer.</P>

Development of Electrical Fire Detection System Applying Fuzzy Logic for Main Causes of Electrical Fire in Traditional Market Shops

( Doo Hyun Kim ),( Dong Kyu Hwang ),( Sung Chul Kim ),( Sang Ryull Kim ),( Yoon Bok Kim ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2012 International Journal of Safety Vol.11 No.2

This paper is aimed to develop an electrical fife detection system (EFDS) which can analyze the pos­sibility of electrical fire for overcurrent, leakage current and arc signals of panel board in traditional market shop. The EFDS adopted fuzzy logic and precursory data for overcurrent, leakage current and arc signals to evaluate the possibility of electrical fire. The signals are obtained directly from panel board in traditional market shops and fuzzy membership function is obtained from experiment, simulation, expert`s advice. The overcurrent data is acquired by thermal data of normal and abnormal states (partial disconnection) on the insulated electrical wire, in accordance with the increase of the current signal, The leakage current data is obtained under various environments. The arc signal is acquisited by waveforms of instantaneous value in time domain and frequency band in frequency domain. The Fuzzy algorithm for DB of EFDS consists of fuzzification, inference engine by Mamdani`s method and defuzz­ification by center of gravity method. In order to verify the performance and reliability of EFDS, it was applied to Jeon-lu traditional market shops (90 shops) in Korea. Results show that EFOS in this paper is useful in alanning the fire case, which will prevent severe damage to human beings and properties, and reduce the electricalftres in a vulnerable area of electrical disaster.

0.06㎜이하의 권선 적용이 가능한 자동 권선 장치 개발

김두현 ( Doo Hyun Kim ),황동규 ( Dong Kyu Hwang ),김윤복 ( Yoon Bok Kim ),김상렬 ( Sang Ryull Kim ) 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2011 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

This paper is purposed to develop an auto winding machine which can regulate electrical resistance and thermal characteristics at winding coil. In order to develop auto winding machine, reference resistance value is investigated at the winding coil products produced in Korea. Through electrical resistance experiment of winding coil, auto winding machine needed improvement of tension spring and changed case body, X-Y-Z axis, A and B holders of tension device. Improvement auto winding machine analyzed electrical resistance and thermal characteristics of winding coil produced at a manufacturing plant and was suitable for this study on electrical resistance and thermal characteristic values. Results of improvement auto winding machine is suitable products of winding coil below 0.06㎜.

축사 전기설비 중 전기 배선의 안전설계 연구

김선준 ( Seon Joon Kim ),김두현 ( Doo Hyun Kim ),황동규 ( Dong Kyu Hwang ),김상렬 ( Sang Ryull Kim ) 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2011 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

This paper is purposed to suggest safety design for electrical wire which can prevent electrical fires considering load characteristics in livestock barns. In order to achieve the goal in this paper, safety diagnosis report of KESCO (Korea Electrical Safety Corporation) is analyzed, and field investigation for livestock barnsin Cheon-an and Asan area is performed. Experiment on thermal characteristics of electrical wires using elecrical wires of VCTFK, HIV, CV with electrical fan was conducted under the condition that simulates the mode of load capacity in each 5 load groups. The results suggested in this paper can be used as fundamental data for the design of electrical equipments and for the prevention of electrical fires in livestock barn.

재래시장 상가에서 과전류 및 직렬아크의 전류 신호에 대한 분석

김두현 ( Doo Hyun Kim ),황동규 ( Dong Kyu Hwang ),김성철 ( Sung Chul Kim ),김상렬 ( Sang Ryull Kim ),이종호 ( Jong Ho Lee ) 한국안전학회(구-한국산업안전학회) 2012 한국안전학회지 Vol.27 No.3

This paper is aimed to analysis of electrical fire risk by overcurrent and series arc signals in traditional market shops Firstly, the field state investigation was conducted for shops at the traditional market (30 shops). At each shop in the traditional market, load characteristics were investigated and thermal characteristics in Panel were analyzed. Thermal characteristics in Panel is an indicator that can determine the impact of overcurrent. Results of the field state investigation found out four shops which showed abnormal thermal characteristics in Panel. Electrical load characteristics of these 4 shops were simulated by experimental setup consists of generator, motor and heater. In order to verify the electrical fire risk by electrical loads of 4 shops, arc and overcurrent experiments were conducted. The waveshapes of arc and overcurrent are investigated in both the time and frequency domains to find signal characteristics. The results obtained in this paper will be very helpful for the prevention of electrical fires occurred at the shops in the traditional market.

ESD 에 의한 반도체소자의 손상특성

김두현,김상렬 한국산업안전학회 2000 한국안전학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Static electricity in electronics manufacturing plants causes the economic loss, yet it is one of the least understood and least recognized effects haunting the industry today. Today's challenge in semiconductor devices is to achieve greater functional density pattern and to miniaturize electronic systems of being more fitagile by electrostatic discharges(ESD) phenomena. As the use of automatic handling equipment for static-sensitive semiconductor components is rapidly increased, most manufacturers need to be more alert to the problem of ESD. One of the most common causes of electrostatic damage is the direct transfer of electrostatic charge from the human body or a charged material to the static-sensitive devices. To evaluate the ESD hazards by charged human body and devices, in this paper, characteristics of electrostatic attenuation in domestic semiconductor devices is investigated and the voltage to cause electronic component failures is investigated by field-induced charged device madel(FCDM) tester. The FCDM simulator provides a fast and inexpensive test that faithfully represents ESD hazards in plants. Also the results obtained in this paper can be used for the prevention of semiconductor failure from ESD hazards.

반도체 소자의 정전기 완화특성

김두현,김상렬 한국산업안전학회 1999 한국안전학회지 Vol.14 No.3

As the use of automatic handling equipment for sensitive semiconductor devices is rapidly increased, manufacturers of electronic components and equipment need to be more alert to the problem of electrostatic discharges(ESD). Semiconductor devices such as IC, LSI, VLSI become a high density pattern of being more fragile by ESD phenomena. One of the most common causes of electrostatic damage is the direct transfer of electrostatic charge from the human body or a charged material to the electrostatic discharge sensitive devices. Accordingly, characteristics of electrostatic attenuation in domestic semiconductor devices is investigated to evaluate the ESD phenomina in the semiconductors in this paper. The required data are obtained by Static Honestmeter. Also The results in this paper can be used for the prevention of semiconductor failure by ESD.

A phase II study of hypofractionated proton therapy for prostate cancer

Kim, Yeon-Joo,Cho, Kwan Ho,Pyo, Hong Ryull,Lee, Kang Hyun,Moon, Sung Ho,Kim, Tae Hyun,Shin, Kyung Hwan,Kim, Joo-Young,Lee, Se Byeong,Nam, Byong Ho Informa Healthcare 2013 Acta oncologica Vol.52 No.3

<P><I>Background.</I> Hypofractionated radiotherapy potentially offers therapeutic gain for prostate cancer. We investigated the feasibility of hypofractionated proton therapy (PT). <I>Material and methods.</I> Eighty-two patients with biopsy-proven T1-3N0M0 prostate adenocarcinoma and no history of androgen deprivation therapy were randomly assigned to five different dose schedules: Arm 1, 60 CGE (cobalt gray equivalent = proton dose in Gy × 1.1)/20 fractions/5 weeks; Arm 2, 54 CGE/15 fractions/5 weeks; Arm 3, 47 CGE/10 fractions/5 weeks; Arm 4, 35 CGE/5 fractions/2.5 weeks; or Arm 5, 35 CGE/5 fractions/5 weeks. <I>Results.</I> The median follow-up duration was 42 months (11-52 months). The acute GI and GU grade ≥ 2 toxicity rates were 0 and 5%, respectively. The late GI and GU grade ≥ 2 toxicity rates were 16% and 7%, respectively. The best arm for acute GU toxicity was Arm 3, while that for late GI toxicity was Arm 2 in which none had grade ≥ 2 toxicity. The four-year American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and Nadir + 2ng/ml BCF free survival (BCFFS) rates were 85% and 86%, respectively. <I>Conclusions.</I> Hypofractionated PT for patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as used in this study is feasible with an acceptable toxicity profile. As the BCFFS rates do not seem to be inferior to those produced using conventional fractionation, the application of hypofractionated PT may save patients time and money.</P>