The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

6-hydmxydopamine 파킨슨병 모델에서 Apomorphine의 투여에 따른 회전운동 변화의 시간적 추이

홍근식,김병곤,전범석,윤병우,이광우,노재규,이상복,명호진 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Chinese hamster 난소세포에서 수용성 니켈에 의해 특징적으로 발현되는 유전인자들의 빠른 분석에 관한 연구

성근제,이상한,우기민,송호연,조만희 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

니켈에 의한 암 발생기전 및 세포 독성기전을 이해하고 니켈에 의해 발현에 변화를 보이는 유전자들을 검출하기 위하여 니켈이 포함된 배지에서 배양된 Chinese hamster난소 세포부터 mRNA differential display 분석을 시행하였다. 본 연구에서는 동위원소나 DNA염기서열 분석용 젤을 사용하는 기존의 방법 대신에 훨씬 빠르고, 다루기 쉽고 안전성을 지닌 변형된 기법을 개발하여 적용하였다. 니켈에 의해 발현에 변화를 보이는 cDNA fragments들을 10% polyacrylamide mini젤상에서 분리 및 클로닝한 다음, DNA염기 서열 분석과 GenBank Blast search 프로그램을 이용하여 상동성 조사를 하였다. Reverse Northern blot을 이용하여 발현에 변화가 있는 cDNA들을 재확인한 결과, 검사된 19 cDNAs 들중 총 9종에서 발현의 변화를 보였으며, 이 중 3종은 니켈에 반응하여 발현에 증가를 보였고, 반면에 6종은 발현이 감소하였다.

Evaluation of Hot Deformation and Dynamic Recrystallization Behaviors of Advanced Reduced-Activated Alloy (ARAA)

Sang‑Wook Kim,Hyeon‑Woo Son,Taek‑Kyun Jung,Young‑Bum Chun,Yi‑Hyun Park,Ji‑Woon Lee,Soong‑Keun Hyun 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The hot deformation behavior of advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) was investigated using hot torsion tests. Thefl ow stress decreased as deformation temperature increased and as strain rate decreased. The fl ow behavior demonstratedthe typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Based on the constitutive analysis of peak stress, the activation energy for hotdeformation was found to be 330.3 kJ mol −1 . Peak stress was analyzed as a function of the Zener–Hollomon parameter, andcalculated and experimental values were in good agreement. A DRX kinetic model for ARAA was derived with deformationconditions based on the Avrami-type model. It was confi rmed that the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grainsincreased as deformation temperature increased and as strain rate decreased. The necklace structure and grain boundarybulging were observed in the deformed microstructure of ARAA. The suggested DRX mechanism for ARAA during hotworking is discontinuous DRX.

담도에 국한되어 증상을 유발한 석회쓸개즙 2 예

윤성우,이지영,하경호,이수경,한나,배효근,박선자 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Limy bile is a rare condition characterized by excessive precipitation of calcium carbonate in the gallbladder or bile duct. Recently we experienced two cases with obstructive jaundice in which limy bile in the common bile duct but not in the gallbladder for one case, and in the common bile duct and intra hepatic duct but not in the gallbladder for another case. The patients were treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Here, we report the cases and review the literature.

都市化社會와 環境保護

金宇城,李根洙 울산대학교 1978 연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1

産業化라든가 工業化라는 말은 언제부터인지 바로 國民의 生活水準및 國民所得의 정확한 尺度가 되었다. 經濟의 高度成長은 地城社會의 都市化 현상을 深化시켰으며 國民의 福祉向上과 生活水準의 向上을 도모하기 爲한 産業化를 爲하여 國家는 地城社會의 開發을 서둘지 않으면 안되었다. 그러나 우리가 追求하고 있는 平和롭고 安定된 人間의 幸福을 맞기도전에 우리는 불행하게도 高度化된 都市化社會가 우리의 環境과 健康을 치명적으로 만들고 있다는 것을 알게되었다. 環境과 健康의 破壞가 우리의 自然과 都市를 돌이킬 수 없는 상태로 병들게 하기전에 우리는 環境의 保全과 改善에 關한 새로운 과감한 對策을 마련하여 國家的次元에서 새로운 社會 풍요한社會의 具現을 위해 最善을 다해야 할것이다. In the course of modernizing a society, we are more and more talking about the impending necessity of preserving the environment for urbanizing community in parallal with the rapid industrial growth of the nation. As far as this particular compaign for the invironmental protection is concerned, it is understood that the plan aims at effectively and harmoniously, develop the natural beauty around the regional developing areas under the law on national planning. The supreme target of national politics is none other than to create a society where everyone of us can lead a happy and comfortable life, which is immediately connected with the promotion of the welfare for people. It is at the same time stressed that the promotion of welfare is closely related to the rapid industrial growth of the national economy itself. Consequently, the point I would lide to suggest here is that the government and the legislature are urged to contemplate the activation fo an independent administrative office, which can be tentatively called "the office fo Environment Administration," responsible for administrative affairs for enfironmental protection and city planning as in the case fo advanced countries.

완전뇌허혈후 재관류시에 국소뇌혈류, 체성감각유발전위 및 신경학적 회복에 대한 Mannitol과 Thiopental의 효과

박춘근,이상원,박영섭,최승진,허필우,정동섭,강준기,최창락 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.2

The cardiopulmonary bypass or cerebral circulation arrest is often used in the treatment of complex aneurysm or of arteriovenous malformation to decrease the risk of intraoperative aneurysm rupture. Although experimental studies have suggested that some drugs may protect the brain from ischemic injury, there are limitations in maintaining cerebral perfusion arrest without incurring neurologic deficits due to the initiation of detrimental processes including excitotoxic neuronal injury, activation of phospholipases, influx of calcium, and generation of damaging free radicals. The purpose of this study is to determine wheter mannitol or thiopental has any favorable effects on the recovery of neurologic deficits and on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) and electroencephalogram(EEG) in cats which underwent 15 minutes-complete global ishcemia-reperfusion. The complete global ischemia was produced in 38 cats by temporary intrathoracic occlusion of the innominate artery and the subclavian artery following ligation of bilateral mammary arteries and simultaneous induction of hypotension. The cats were allocated randomly to one of 4 treatment groups : (1) control group, 8 cats received equal volume of saline solution : (2) thiopental group, 10 cats received 45㎎/㎏ thiopental intravenously, (3) mannitol group, 10 cats received 2g/㎏ mannitol intravenously, (4) combined mannitol and thiopental group, 10 cats received equal dose of mannitol and thiopental intravenously. The drugs were administrated in a equally divided dosage before and after the ischemic episode. The results were as follos : 1) Eight animals which received saline showed the severe postischemic hypoperfusion and poor recovery of SEP and EEG, and 6 of them died within 6 hours after the ischemia. 2) Ten thiopental-treated animals also showed the severe postischemic hypoperfusion and poor recovery of SEP and EEG, and 6 of them died within 6 hours the ischemia. 3) Both mannitol-and combined treated groups showed early recovery of EEG, good recovery of SEP and EEG without the severe postischemic hypoperfusion, and 7 of 10 mannitol-treated animals and 8 of 10 combined treated animals were significantly recovered in all parameters. There were not significant differences in all parameters between the mannitol-and combined treated groups. 4) Thirty-four of 38 animals involved in this 15 minutes-ischemia resulted in the severe neurologic deficits inspite of treatment with mannitol, thiopental or both of them. These results suggest that, in cats, mannitol treatment is effective but not thiopental in preventing severe neurologic injury following complete global ischemia and the duration of complete ischemia should be far less than 15 minutes.

NCHS와 韓國의 發育Chart에서 본 競技種目別 女子運動選手의 身體發育 樣相

李相于,朴俊東,辛尙根,金福柱 東亞大學校 附設 스포츠科學硏究所 1993 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of the present study was to examine on the growth pattern of body height and weight from the NCHS and Korean growth chart in female athletes and non-athletes 9 throagh 18 years of age. The study design, the subjects, and the method were used by the longitudinal investigation. The female sports events participated in this study were basketball(n=11), swimming(n=10), hockey(n=17), volleyball(n=14), ballet(n=16), athletic(n=15), table tennis(n=15), gymnastics(n=9), and non athletes(n=240). Total subjects size was 347. All subjects lived in Pusan city, Korea. The data of body height and weight in this study were plotted relative to National Center for Health Statistics(1982) and Korean(1975) reference charts for statuse and weight of American and Korean girls 2 to 18 years of age, respectively. The conclusions were as follows : 1. In the body height growth chart of NCHS, female basketball players were grown over the range of the 90th percentile, female volleyball players were grown the range of the 75∼90th percentile, female athletics were grown within the range of the 50∼75th percentile, female swimmers and hockey players were grown within the range of the 50th percentile, ballerinas were grown within the range of the 25∼50th percentile, non-athletes were grown within the range of the 25th percentile, and female gymnasts were grown within the range of the 10th percentile, respectively. 2. According to the increase of the chronological age, the body height growth of female athletes on 7 sport events maintained or increased body height growth percentile value from childhood to adolescence, on the other hand, female table tennis players were showed reversal phenomenon decreasing from within the range of the 90∼97th percentile at childhood to within that of the 50th percentile at adolescence. 3. In the body weight growth chart of NCHS, female basketball players were grown within the range of the 75th percentile, female swimmers were grown within the range of the 50th percentile, female athletics and hockey players were grown within the range of the 25~50th percentile, ballerinas and non-athletes were grown within the range of the 25th percentile, and female gymnasts were grown within the range of the 10~25th percentile, respectively. 4. According to the increase of chronological age, the body weight growth of female athletes on 6 sports events maintained the body weight growth percentile value at childhood, on the other hand, female volleyball players and table tennis players were showed decreasing phenomenon, respectively. 5. The ratio of body height and weight of female athletes on sports events showed generally low phenomenon in growth percentil value except non-athletes and swimmers. 6. The body height and weight of Korean growth chart were showed the phase difference phenomenon less about the 25th percentile degree than NCHS growth chart of the U.S.

大學卒業定員制의 實施에 따른 學生生活 指導方案에 關한 硏究

崔根爀,張忠根,李相祐,張鎭吉,張大熙 충남대학교 1982 學生生活硏究 Vol.10 No.1

Higher education in Korea is faced with a new situation since 1981 when the government implemented a college graduation quota system designed to broaden the opportunities for higher education, alleviate the problem of the students who fail the entrance examination, and improve the quality of college graduates. The change of the system has brought about several serious problems including how to supply enough faculty members, how to provide enough educational facilities, and how to cope with the huge increase in the number of students, 30% more than graduation quota. The greatest single problem resulting from the implementation of college graduation quota system is the psychological and emotional unease aroused among the students, because 30% of those students with unsatisfying results must be banished from college before their graduation. This study aims to find effective measures for student guidance that each of the colleges can implement to help students adjust to the changed circumstances. After objectively investigating the problems from the various educational environments, from the recent students' views of college, and from the psychological and emotional unease arising in them by the fear of failing to graduate from their college because of implementation of the graduation quota system, a survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire composed of 40 questions and by means of personal interviews, 5,903 students, who are influenced by the graduation quota system, attending 19 public and private universities and colleges selected throughout the country. The data obtained from this survey were statistically processed with the help of the C. N. U. Computer Center, and the ratios of the responses to each of the questions were analyzed and calculated according to the distinctions of the total, sex, region, and major. The conclusions that the interrelations among the variant factors from each of the questions which were surveyed, analyzed and arranged have suggested are as follows : 1. The original purpose of graduation quota system should continually be clarified and communicated to all students and a concrete, specialized guidance system should be established to guide the minority of the students (13%) who don't fully understand the basic properties of higher educational institutions. 2. The institutions should provide enough educational facilities and supply enough faculty memebers to solve the problem of accomodating the large numbers of students. At the same time, they should suggest how students should learn positively and effectively to gain an expert knowledge, and how professors should gain public confidence in grade evaluation. Accompanying those measures, the government should develop a good policy to expand and distribute job opportunities to college graduates. 3. The admission quota should be controlled depending on the rate of naturally failed students, and then the students' unease and suppression caused by excessive competition can be relieved. In addition, it is advisable that the banished students should be allowed to transfer to University of the Air without regard to their grades. 4. An education devised to let students have a sound sense and way of thinking should be accompanied by a guidance system which their seniors, parents and society take part in. 5. An atmosphere conducive to sweet and well-rounded friendship among classmates should be created, sound extra-curricular activities should be encouraged and the number of students and adviser professor is in charge of should be lessened to a reasonable number.

논에 있어서 포장정보 공간변이의 공간통계학적 해석

이충근,손연규,성제훈,정인규,김상철,박우풍,박원규 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

논에 있어서 정밀농업을 위한 기초자료수집과 분석을 하기 위해서 토양의 특성, 포장면 고저차, 생육상태 그리고 수량에 관한 포장정보를 조사한 결과 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 가. 기본통계값을 살펴보면 유효태 규산의 경우는 한 포장내 14배 이상의 변이차이를 보였으며, 생육정보 중 분얼수는 3배, 수량은 4배 이상의 차이를 보였다. 나. 포장정보의 변이계수를 살펴보면 5.45∼51.3%의 공간변이를 보였다. 토양특성 중에 pH를 제외한 나머지가 10%이상의 공간변이를 보였다. 포장면 고저차는 51.3%, 생육정보는 7.32∼23.2%, 그리고 수량에 있어서도 변이계수가 22.5%를 보였다. 다. 포장정보를 공간통계학을 이용해 해석한 결과, 포장정보의 공간구조 발달여부를 표시하는 Q값이 0.24∼1로서 공간구조가 포장정보에 따라서 발달되어 있었으며, 공간변이의 의존거리를 나타내는 랜지는 8.1∼147.9m를 보였다. 그러나, 실질적인 랜지는 토양특성값이 15∼50m 정도, 생육정보는 15m 전후, 포장면 고저차는 30m 정도, 수량은 8.1m를 보였다. 이것을 기초로 하여 크리깅 방법으로 데이터를 보간하여 지도화 시킨결과, 공간변이를 이해하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있는 포장정보 지도를 얻을 수 있었다. Soil properties, relief of field surface, growth information, grain yield were investigated in a 1ha paddy field in 2001 to obtain basic field information for precision agriculture. The field information were analyzed to examine their within field variability using descriptive statistical method. Semivariograms and Kriged maps of geostatistical analysis were also adopted to examine their within field spatial dependence. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Nutrient distribution difference of available SiO_2 was seemed 14 times overs, 3 times overs at tiller number, 4 times overs at grain yield from within a paddy field. 2) Descriptive statistics of field information showed that the coefficient of variation ranged from 5.45∼51.3%. 3) Field information showed a high spatial dependence within a paddy field. The Q values ranged from 0.24∼1, the ranges of spatial dependence were from 8.1∼50m, respectively. 4) Kriged maps enable the visualization and comparison of the spatial variability of field informaton.