연령증가에 따른 혈압요소들의 좌심실비대 및 관동맥질환과의 관련성

박재석,박창규,박미영,박재형,김용현,나진오,신성희,서순용,홍순준,박성미,임홍의,김응주,서홍석,오동주,노영무 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

측정방법에 따른 치과용 수경성 시멘트의 경화시간

박정우,기형춘,변상기,이해형 大韓齒科器材學會 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Information on setting behavior of luting cements is essential to accomplish successful cementation of dental restoration. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of test variables on the setting time of dental water-based luting cements. Six kinds of luting cements were investigated: two zinc phosphate, two zinc polycarboxylate and two glass ionomer cements. Cements were mixed with the standard consistency for luting according to their respective manufacturer's recommendation. Setting time of cements was measured with two test apparatus (penetrating indentor and oscillating rheometer) under one of following environmental conditions (temperature/humidity); 37℃/90%, 23℃/50% and 37℃/20%. The Setting time was recorded as the time elapsed from start of mixing to the time indicated at the ISO specification (9917:1991) or when the oscillation is reduced to 95% of the original width. Setting time of luting cements was decreased with increase in temperature and decrease in humidity, and it was significantly influenced by environmental temperature and humidity. Some cements tested showed significant differences in setting time measured between indentor and rheometer under laboratory environment. Percent water loss of cements was different under various environmental conditions. This was largely arisen at the early stage of setting. Zinc Phosphate was hygroscopic under high humidity. these results indicate that working and setting time should be separately evaluated in office and oral environments, respectively. Oscillating rheometer was useful to investigate setting behavior of dental water-based luting cement. However, control of test environment and sensitivity should be considered in the rheometry.

다제내성 그람양성균에 대한 Linezolid(Zyvox^(�))의 시험관내 항균력 비교

박대원,정희진,엄중식,황병연,김성범,이재갑,이연주,정혜원,정성주,박재형,이진수,손장욱,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

배경 : MRSA, VRE, VRSA같은 다제 내성 그람 양성균의 등장에 따라 glycopeptide를 대체할 새로운 항생제의 개발이 필요하게 되었고 결과적으로 새로운 항생제인 linezolid라는 항생제가 개발되었다. Linezolid는 이전의 항생제와는 다른 새로운 계열의 oxazolidinone으로 경구 이용률이 우수하다. 원내 및 원외감염의 중요한 원인균이 되고 있는 MRSA, VRE에 대한 적절한 경구용 항균제가 없는 국내에서 폐렴 및 피부 연조직 감염에서 경구용으로 사용해 볼 수 있는 약제이다. 본 연구에서는 고대 구로 병원에서 분리된 MRSA, VRE 등을 대상으로 다른 여러 항균제와 비교한 linezolid의 시험관내 항균력을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 연구대상은 1998년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 본원에서 입원 및 외래를 통하여 피부 연조직 감염증 및 호흡기 감염증, 요로감염증으로 진단된 환자들의 가검물로부터 분리된 MRSA 60균주, VRE 43균주, PRSP 25균주를 액체배지 또는 한천배지 희석법을 통하여 linezolid 및 기타 항균제에 대한 최소발육억제농도를 구하였다. 결과 : 실험에 사용한 S. aureus는 모두 MRSA였고 이들은 linezolid에 대해 MIC_(90) 2㎍/㎖(MIC 범위 1-2㎍/㎖), Enterococcus spp는 모두 VRE로 linezolid의 MIC_(90)은 2㎍/㎖로 MIC 범위는 1-4㎍/㎖였다. 한 개의 균주에서 MIC 4㎍/㎖로 중등도 감수성을 보였으나 MIC breakpoint가 (8㎍/㎖인 내성균주는 없고 모두 감수성을 보였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 penicillin 내성이었고, linezolid MIC_(90) 1㎍/㎖ (MIC 범위 0.5-1㎍/㎖)로 전부 감수성을 보였다. 결론 : Linezolid는 MRSA를 위시한 VRE, PRSP 등의 다제 내성 그람 양성균에 대하여 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Background : The emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, VRE, and VRSA, necessitated to develop new antibiotics, which could replace the glycopeptide. As a result, a new antibiotics named linezolid was developed. Linezolid is different line of oxazolidinones with a good oral bioavailability, compared to other antibiotics. Since appropriate oral antibiotics are not presently available for MRSA, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections, the introduction of linezolid will have favorable effect on treatment of infections such as pneumonia or skin infections. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic effect of linezolid on MRSA and VRE isolated from patients who were treated in Korea University Guro Hospital. Material and Methods : By using broth microdilution and agar dilution method we measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with sixty S. aureus, forty three Enterococcus spp., and twenty five S. pneumoniae isolates from patients who were diagnosed as skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and urinary infections in Korea University Guro Hospital from January, 1998 to December, 2002. Results : All of S. aureus used in this study were MRSA, and MIG_(90) of linezolid was below 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1-2 ㎍/㎖). All of Enterococcus spp. were VRE, and had MIG_(90) of 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1 to 4 ㎍/㎖). One of the VRE showed intermediate susceptibility with MIC of 4 ㎍/㎖. However, none was resistant with MIC breakpoint above 8 ㎍/㎖. All of S. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin, but they were susceptible to linezolid with MICao of 1 ㎍/㎖(MIC range 0.5-1㎍/㎖). Conclusion : In conclusions, linezolid has an excellent in vitro antibiotic effect on multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, PRSP, and VRE.

셀레콕시브 및 그 합성유도체들의 항암활성 스크리닝

박정란,강진형,구효정,노지영,류형철,박상욱,고동현,조일환,이주영,황다니엘,김인경 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.2

Selective COX (cyclooxygenase)-2 inhibitors including celecoxib have been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle changes in various tumor cells. New inhibitors are recently being developed as chemomodulating agents. We evaluated celecoxib and screened 150 synthetic compounds for anti-proliferative activities in vitro. Effects of celecoxib on COX activity, cell growth, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis induction were determined in A549 COX-2 overexpressing human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The COX inhibition of celecoxib increased with concentration up to 82% at 1μM after 24 hr exposure. Forty μM and 50μM of celecoxib induce G_1 arrest, and TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, respectively. Among 150 compounds, several compounds were selected for having greater COX-2 inhibitory activity and higher selectivity than celecoxib with growth inhibitory activity. Celecoxib showed concentration-dependent COX inhibitory activity, and ability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human NSCLC cells in vitro. Among synthetic analogues screened, several compounds showed promising in vitro activity as COX-2 inhibitory anticancer agents, which warrant further evaluation in vitro and in vivo.

DNA chip을 사용한 myeloid cell의 유전자 발현분석

박형선,신길상,이미영 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.6 No.1

Total RNAs were extracted from promyeloid cell(HL60)and myeloid cell(U937). Reverse-transcriptions of the RNAs were performed by using AMV-reverse transcriptase. The RNAs of promyeloid cell and myeloid cell were labelled with fluorescent dye of Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP, respectively. The reverse-transcribed and labelled RNA was hybridized to a DNA chip containing 384 human cDNAs. Comparative analyses of the gene expression profiles for promyeloid cell and myeloid cell were monitored by gene pie plot or scatter plot, and the gene expression ratios of promyeloid cell/myeloid cell were determined. The expression ratios for thymosin beta-10 gene, immunophilin homolog ARA9/HBV-X associated protein gene, Bcl-w/KIAA0271 actin beta gene and heat shock protein86 gene were determined to be 31%/69%, 26%/74%, 11%/89%, 51%/49% and 79%/2l%, respectively.

신장주위 거대혈종을 보였던 신중후성 출혈열 1예

박운형,김영아,정재한,최소래,강태수,서정건,박흥수,하성규 대한신장학회 2000 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.19 No.6

食用油脂類에 對한 免疫生物學的 硏究

朴炳哲,文宰奎,朴榮吉,金杏順,安年衡,金度勳,金正勳,安榮根,李相根,鮮于演 圓光大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

食用油脂는 健康維持에 必須的인 營養素이다. 그러나 食用油脂는 脂肪을 構成하는 脂肪酸의 種類와 攝取하는 量에 따라 健康을 保衛하는 必須的인 食品의 成分이 되기도 하고 有害한 影響을 끼칠 수도 있어서 脂質代謝와 關連된 疾病 뿐만아니라 老化를 促進하고, 乳房癌, 大腸癌等의 癌發生과도 關連된 것으로 밝혀져 있다. 本 硏究는 우리生活環境에서 食用으로 接할 수 있는 10種의 油脂에 對한 免疫生物學的인 活性에서 究明한 結果 對照群인 참기름食餌群에 比해 올리브유食用群은 全般的으로 體液性 및 細胞性免疫을 有意性있게 增加시켰으나, 大食細胞의 活性과 末梢循環白血球數는 有意性없는 減少를 보였고, 動物性 油脂인 牛脂食餌群과 植物性 油脂인 옥수수기름食餌群, 들기름食餌群, 米糠油食餌群, 大豆油食餌群, 菜種油食餌群 및 고추씨기름食餌群에서는 全般的으로 體液性 및 細胞性免疫, 大食細胞의 活性 및 末梢循環白血球數를 有意性있게 減少시켰다. This study was performed to investigate the effects of edible oils and fats on the immunobiological responses in ICR male mice. Ten groups of experimental diets, such as sesame oil diet, beef tallow diet, lard oil diet, olive oil diet, corn oil diet, perilla oil diet, rice polishing oil diet, soybeen oil diet, rape seed oil diet, and red pepper seed oil diet were fed adlibitum to the ICR male mice for 27 days. The results of this study were summarized as followings. 1. Both humoral and cellular immune responses, phagocyte activity, and number of leukocytes in sesame oil group were increased. However, the increasing rate of body weight and the weight retios of spleen and thymus to body were generally decreased. 2. Hemagglutination titer(HA) and rosette forming cell(RFC) of the beef tallow group and the lard group were significantly lower than the sesame oil group(P<0.01), but the lard group significantly increased Arthus reaction and delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH)(P<0.01). 3. Arthus reaction, DTH, and RFC of the olive oil group were significantly higher than the sesame oil group(P<0.01). 4. DTH of the corn oil group was significantly higher than the sesame oil group(P<0.01) whereas phagochyte activity was significantly lower(P<0.01). But no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the humoral immune response. 5. HA, PFC, DTH, RFC, phagocyte activity, and number of leukocytes of the perilla oil group and the rice polishing oil group were significantly lower than the sesame oil group(P<0.01). 6. Both humoral and cellular immune responses, phagocyte activity, and number of leukocytes of the soybeen oil group, the rape seed oil group, and the red pepper oil group were significantly lower than the sesame oil group(P<0.01).

정화조 병합처리를 통한 가정오수 정화

박현건,성낙창,김형갑,서주수,이상용 진주산업대학교 1991 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

1. 單獨處理에 비해 倂合處理가 汚染負荷量으로 볼때 평균 약 31.1%의 더 높은 제거 효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 2. 下水道 流入 BOD 평균농도는 單獨處理時에 BOD 147.5㎎/l~160㎎/l정도인데 비해 倂合處理는 BOD 91㎎/l~100.8㎎/l을 나타내었다. 3. 家庭汚水를 무단방류하는 것보다 倂合處理를 하므로서 水系의 水質改善을 기여하였다. 4. 가능한 淨化槽는 실제 住居人口數보다 容量이 큰 것을 設置토록 하는 것이 좋다. This sutdy was performed in order to evalulate the purification of domestic sewage through single(nightsoil) and combined(nightsoil+domestic sewage) treament. The result of single and combined treatment are as follows: 1. The removal efficiency of BOD loading in Combined treatment was 31.1% more than that of single treatment. 2. The average concentratron of effluent BOD was 147.5㎎/l~160㎎/l in single treatment but 91㎎/l~100.8㎎/l in combined treatment. 3. Combined treatment contributes to improving the quality of water than direct discharging domestic sewage does. 4. It is desirable that, if possible, we should install a bigger septic tank than the volume which the actual residents need.

푸리에 변환과 웨이브렛 분석을 통한 주의력결핍ㆍ과잉운동장애아동과 정상아동의 사건관련전위 비교 연구

신성웅,박진형,김희찬,조수철 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동과 정상 아동의 청각적 집중 과정의 차이를 비교하기 위해 13명의 남자 환자와 8명의 정상 남자아이에게 청각적 주의집중 과제를 제시하고 사건관련전위를 푸리에 변환과 웨이브렛 분석법으로 비교 조사하였다. 각 군 아동의 표준자극과 표적자극에 대한 사건관련전위 파형을 푸리에 변환을 통해 주파수 차원에서 서로 비교하였고, 각 군 안에서 표적자극과 표준자극을 주었을 때의 진폭을 비교하였다. 표준자극에 대해서는 거의 대부분의 주파수와 좌측 위치에서 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상아동보다 의미 있게 높은 전압을 나타내었다. 반면 표적자극에 대해서는 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 더 높은 전압은 보이는 경우가 의미 있게 감소하였고 정상 아동이 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동보다 큰 진폭을 나타내는 경우는 의미 있게 증가하였나. 이런 결과는 주의집중을 반영하는 Nd파형의 푸리에 변환 결과에서도 나타났다. 즉 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동은 무시해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 지나치게 강한 반응을 보이지만 정작 과제를 수행해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 더 약한반응을 보이는 경향을 보였다. 주의력결핍ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동은 정상 아동 보다 표적자극에 의한 진폭 증가를 보인 전극과 주파수 영역이 적었을 뿐 아니라 일부 파형은 표준자극을 주었을 때보다 표적자극을 주었을때 오히려 진폭이 의리 있게 감소하여서 이들이 표적 자극에 대해 활성이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 정상 아동들은 표준자극보다 표적자극에 대해서 거의 모든 전극 위치와 주파수 대역에서 의미 있는 진폭의 증가를 보였으나 전전두엽과 전두엽의 전극에서는 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동이 더 큰 진폭을 보이는 경우가 관찰되었다. 웨이브렛 분석 결과 표준자극에 대해서는 주의력곁핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 자극이 제시된 후 0∼300msec 사이에 일어나는 전위가 통계적으로 의미 있게 컸다. 이런 차이는 주로 전전두엽과 전두엽 앞쪽, 그리고 측두엽 일부와 후두엽에서 두드러졌다. 그러나 두정엽과 중앙 영역의 전극들은 특히 300∼370msec 이내에 일어나는 전위에서 정상 아동이 더 활발한 전기 활동을 나타내었다. 표적 자극에 대해서는 두 군 모두 표준자극보다 전기 활성이 더 증가한 양상이었다. 표적자극에 대해서 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애아동은 전전두엽과 전두엽 영역에서는 여전히 정상 아동보다 더 활발한 전기 활성을 보였으나 두정엽과 측두엽에서는 정상 아동이 더 큰 진폭을 나타내었다. 이로써 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동은 무시해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 지나친 반응을 보이며 주의집중을 필요로 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 저하된 반응을 보이는 것이 확인되었다. 이와 함께 푸리에 변환 등 주파수 차원 분석법과 웨이브렛 분석 방법의 유용성을 알아보았다. 중심 단어 : 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 ㆍ사건관련전위 ㆍ푸리에 변환 ㆍ 웨이브렛 분석. Using Fourier transformation and wavelet analysis, we compared the auditory event-related poten-tials of the patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders (abbr. ADHD, 13 boys) and normal control children (8 boys) Amplitudes of the event-related potentials which were calculated via Fourier transformation were compared between the groups and between conditions (non-target versus target) in each group. To the non-target stimuli, the patients with ADHD showed significantly greater amplitudes across almost all of the electrode sites and frequencies. To the target stimuli, the incidents which ADHD patients showed much higher amplitudes than normal controls significantly decreased, while those of the reverse results increased significantly. These results were consistent with the comparison results about negative difference wave (abbr. Nd wave) using Fourier transformation. In summary, it was proved that non-target stimulus which should be ignored elicited more robust electrical response from the patients with ADHD than normal children, but the target stimulus which required active processing did much less electrical activity in the patients. For the patients, they showed much inhibited electrical response to the target stimuli in some electrodes and frequency ranges. Normal children were more strongly stimulated by the target stimuli in almost all electrodes and frequency ranges than the patients, but less in prefrontal leads and frontal leads. Wavelet analysis results proved that early responses (0-300msec) to the nontarget stimuli of the patients were significantly greater than the normal controls in prefrontal, anterior frontal, some parts of temporal, and occipital lobes and that late response (300-370msec) were significantly lesser than normal children in parietal and central electrodes. Target stimuli elicited significantly higher electrical activity in both group than non-target stimuli did. Prefrontal and frontal lobes showed stronger responses in the patients than normal children irrespective of stimulus condition, but parietal and temporal lobes did higher activities in normal children than the patients only to the target stimuli. In conclusion, the patients wish ADHD showed much greater responses to the stimuli which should be ignored, but failed to activated the necessary processes to the target stimuli. Also, we found that the frequency-dimension analysis and wavelet analysis were useful for the signal processing such as event-related potentials. KEY WORDS : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ㆍ Event related potentials ㆍ Fourier transformation ㆍ Wavelet analysis.