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Continuous wave of obturation technique에서 플러거의 다양한 적용 깊이에 따른 근단부 폐쇄효율 비교
이상진,박정길,허복,김현철 大韓齒科保存學會 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.6
이 연구와 목적은 continuous wave of obturation technique으로 근관 충전을 할 때, 다양한 heat source plugger의 깊이에 따른 근단부 근관 폐쇄능력을 비교하는 것이었다. 직전 형태 발거 소구치를 #35/.06크기까지 니켈티타늄 파일을 사용하여 성형 및 세정하였다. 성형과 세정이 완료된 치아를 heat source plugger의 적용 깊이에 따라 15개씩 5군으로 분류하였다: 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm. 양성 대조군을 제외한 모든 근관은 E&Q plus (Meta Biomed Co., Chungju, Korea)를 사용하여 #35/.06 gutta-percha cone으로 충전하였다. 모든 치아의 근첨공 주변 1 mm를 제외하고 nail varnish를 도포하였고 음성 대조군은 근첨공을 포함하여 전체 면을 도포하였다. 모든 시편을 1% 메틸렌블루 용액에 72시간 동안 보관한 다음 치근첨으로부터 1, 2, 3 mm 높이에서 수평으로 절단하였다. 각 단면을 12.5 x 2.5배 현미경하에서 관찰하고 디지털 카메라로 촬영하였다. 염색제 누출 평가를 위해 five-degree scoring system을 사용하였다. 각 절단면에서의 점수를 모두 합하여 한 시편의 점수로 사용하고 통계학적 분석을 하였다. 이 실험 조건하에서, 3 - 7 mm 까지의 heat source plugger의 적용 깊이는 근단부 폐쇄에서 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 5 - 7 mm의 Buchanan's protocol을 포함한 3 - 7 mm를 모두 임상 적용에서 받아들여질 만하다고 보인다. The purpose of this study was to compare apical sealing ability of continuous wave canal filling technique according to various heat source plugging depths. Eighty one extracted human premolars with straight root were cleaned and shaped to size 35 using .06 taper rotaiy NiTi file. After cleansing and shaping, the teeth were divided into 5 groups following the heat source probing depths from the apex ; 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm. All specimens were filled using E&Q Plus with #35/.06 tapered gutta-percha cone. The positive control teeth were not filled. All teeth were coated with nail varnish except the apical 1 mm around the apical foramen. Negative control teeth were completely sealed include the apical foramen. All specimens were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 72 hours. Then the specimens were sectioned horizontally at 1, 2 and 3 mm from the root apex. Each sectioned surface was photographed using a digital camera attached to the stereomicroscope at 12.5 x 2.5 fold magnification. All points at 1, 2 and 3 mm were summed as final score of one specimen. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed. Under the condition of this study, there was no significant difference between the heat source plugging depths of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm in apical sealing ability. All of apical heat source plugging depth from 3 to 7 mm including Buchanan's protocol -from 5 to 7 mm- seems to be acceptable in clinical application.
당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증에 대한 Thioctic acid의 유효성 및 안정성에 관한 연구
박철영,김영설,오승준,우정택,김성운,양인명,김진우,최영길 대한당뇨병학회 2001 임상당뇨병 Vol.2 No.1
연구배경: 당뇨병성 신경병증은 당뇨병 환자에서 흔히 나타나는 합병증으로서 임상 증상은 가볍거나 없을 수도 있지만 많은 경우에 통증, 작열감, 이감각증이나 무감각증 등의 증상을 동반하지만, 이에 대한 명확한 기전이나 뚜렷한 치료방법이 없었다. 최근에 신경세포내 산화성 스트레스의 증가로 신경세포의 손상이 발생된다는 기전이 주목을 받으면서, 당뇨병성 신경병증 환자에게 항산화제인 thiotic acid를 사용하여 좋은 효과를 관찰한 논문들이 발표되었다. 이에 저자들은 한국의 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증 환자에서 thiotic acid를 경구 투여 후에 신경병증에 의한 효과 및 안정성을 평가하였다. 방법: 모든 대상 환자에게 Thioctic acid 600㎎ 을 1일 1회 아침 식전 30분에 8주간 투여하여 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증에 대한 TSS의 개선여부에 대한 임상적 유효성 및 이상반응, 내약성, 실험실적 지표의 변화를 통한 안정성을 관찰하였다. 결과: 치료시작 전에 관찰한 환자가 호소하는 증상은 통증이 가장 많았으며 무감각, 작열감, 이상감각 순의 빈도를 보였다. 통증, 작열감, 이감각증, 무감각증의 평균 TSS는 1차 방문시 5.8± 1.8, 2차방문시는 4.4±1.7, 3차 방문시는 3.1±1.1로 사용기판에 따라 통계학적으로 유의한 증상의 호전이 있었다. 또한 TSS의 개선 뿐만 아니라 통증, 작열감, 이감각증 및 무감각증 각각의 증상도 치료전과 치료 4주 후 및 치료 8주 후를 비교했을 때 통계학적으로 유의한 증상의 호전이 있었다. TSS가 1차 방문 시와 비교했을 때 3차 방문시에 30% 이상 개선되었을 때(1차 방문시에 TSS 4인 환자는 2점 이상 개선되었을때) 임상적으로 의미가 있는 반응으로 간주하고 계산한 반응률은 71.3%였다. 결론: 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병중 환자에 대해 항 산화제인 thioctic acid 600㎎ 경구 투여요법은 당뇨병성 신경병증의 증상완화에 유용하며, 안전한 것으로 사료된다. Background: The study was peformed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral treatment with the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (Thioctcid??) in diabetic patients with peripheral polyneuropathy. Methods: Thioctacid?? 600㎎ was orally administered once a day for 8 weeks in 61 diabetic patients with peripheral polyneuropathy. Neuropathic symptom(pain, burning, paresthesia, and numbness) were scored before, and of 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. In addition, neuropathy by the physician and patients at the end of treatment. The primary endpoint was the response role after 8 weeks treatment, defined as an improvement in the total symptom score of at least more than 30%. Results: Efficacy was evaluated among forty-four patients who had completely the study according to the protocol and safety was evaluated among all of 61 patients who had taken the study medication. The response rate after 8 weeks was 77.3%. The total symptom score was significantly decreased of 4-week, and further decreased of 8-week. All the individual scores for neuropathic symptom were also significantly reduced of 4-week and further decreased at 8-week. Conclusion: These finding indicate that oral treatment with thioctacid?? at a dose of 600㎎/day for 8 weeks will improve peripheral polyneuropathy in diabetic patients, without causing any serious adverse events.
민성길,신원철,김광일,정지인,김동기 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6
연구목적 : 미래에 환자들의 신체적, 정신적 건강을 책임지게 될 의과 대학생 집단이 의학을 공부하는 과정에서 어떤 신체적, 정신적 및 사회적 문제들에 의해 고통받는지 알아보고 이의 개선방향을 발견하기 위해, 의과대학생들이 느끼고 있는 삶의 질에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 1999년도에 연세대학교 의과 대학에 재학중인 본과 학생 317명과, 연세대학교 재학중인 일반 대학 150명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 조사도구는 세계보건기구 삶의 질 간편형 척도(WHOQOL-BREF)였다. 의과대학생과 일반대학생의 삶의 질을 각 항목(item)별, 영역(domain)별, 그리고 총점의 평균값을 비교하여, T-test로 검정하였고, 각 영역의 기여도를 다중회귀 분석으로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 전체점수에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 항목별점수에서는, 수면과 휴식, 성적 활동, 레저와 여가활동에 대한 참여와 기회에서는 의과대학생의 삶의 질이 유의하게 낮게 보고되었으며, 약물과 치료에 대한 의존도, 경제적 자원, 새로운 정보와 기술을 얻을수 있는 기회, 교통수단에서는 의과대학생의 삶의질이 유의하게 높게 보고되었다. 영역점수에서는, 사회적 관계 영역에서 의과대학생의 삶의 질이 낮게, 환경 영역에서는 높게 보고되었다. 그리고 의대생에서 신체적 건강, 환경, 그리고 사회적 관계 영역들이 삶의 질에 크게 기여하였고, 반면 일반대생에서는 심리적 영역과 환경 영역이 크게 기여하였다. 결 론 : 이와 같은 결과는 주로 의대생들의 사회적 관계 영역, 그리고 기타 하부척도에서는 수면과 휴식, 성적활동, 레저와 여가 활동에 대한 참여와 기회 등의 항목에서 삶의 질을 높이는 것이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. Objectives : The quality of life of medical students was investigated and compared with that of general college students to identify what kind of problems medical students are suffering from. Method : Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF was administered to 317 medical students and 150 general college students of Yonsei University in 1999. Collected data were analyzed with t-test and multiple regression analysis Results: There was no significant difference in the total scores of WHOQOL-BREF between medical students and general college students. However, the scores of facets of sleep and rest, sexual activity, and participation and opportunities for recreation/leisure were significantly lower in medical students than in general colleges for recreation/leisure were significantly lower in medical students than in general college students, while the scores of facets of dependency on medication and treatment, financial resources, opportunities for acquiring new information and skills, and transport were significantly higher in medical students than in general college students. The score of social relationships domain was significantly lower in medical students than in general college students, while, the score of environmental domain was significantly higher in medical students than in general college students. Physical, environmental and social relationships domains contributed more to the quality of life of medical students than psychological domain while psychological and environmental domains contributed more to the quality of life of general college students than physical and social relationships domains. Conclusion : The result suggests that it is necessary to improve the quality of life of medical students in social relationships domain and in the facets of sleep and rest, sexual activity, participation and opportunities for recreation/leisure.
Hydrochlorothiazide의 microcapsule 제조와 평가
남상철,박목순,나성범,이계원,지웅길 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1990 藥學論文集 Vol.6 No.-
The microcapsules of hydrochlorothiazide using Eudragit RL were prepared by the solvent evaporation process in liquid paraffin phase, and the microcapsules of hydrochlorothiazide using Ethylcellulose were prepared by the solvent evaporation process in water phases. The size distribution, drug content, interaction between the drug and the polymer, dissolution test, observation of SEM were investigated. The results are summarized as belows. The Eudragit RL microcapsules and Ethylcellulose microcapsules obtained were spherical, uniform and free flowing particles. As the dispersing agents (Eudragit RL-magnesium stearate, Ethylcellulose-sod, lauryl sulfate) were fixed, the preparation of microcapsules showed constant in particle size distribution. The actual drug contents of the Eudragit RL microcpasules were lower than theoretical drug contents, but the actural drug contents of the Ethylcellulose were higher than those. No interaction between the polymer and the drug was observed from the results of TLC, UV, IR, DSC. The release of hydrochlorothiazide from the Eudragit RL microcapsules except for the release in pH 8.0 phosphate buffer solution was not increased when the drug: polymer ratio was increased. The dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide from Ethylcellulose microcapsules increased with increasing drug: polymer ratio. Scanning electron micrograph study revealed that microcapsules prepared by this method showed comparatively rough surface when drug: polymer ratio was decreased.
朴哲浩,朴吉俊,李相于,金永明,朴贊熙,玄松子,呂南會,朴相甲,金榮俊 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1989 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-
This study aims at revealing the physiological responses of dehydration (DH) and rehydration (RH) in intermittent exercises at the work intensity of 70% HR max. First, with general student public, three times of exercise (each for 20 minutes) at the given work intensity were taken, with a break for 25 minutes respectively. Their heart rate, rectal temperature and plasma electrolyte concentration both DH and RH were measured. Second, in two groups of athletes and non-athletes, 9 rounds of exercise (for 100 minutes) and 8 breaks (for 60 minutes) were taken, with RH forced 10 times to compensate for the subjects' water loss. Their change in sweat loss and plasma electrolyte concentration as well as the IVDP(Intensive Voluntary dehydration Phenomenon) were experimented. The summary of this research follows. 1) Mean heart rate and rectal temperature in intermittent exercises were higher at DH than at RH, growing up at the increasing level of DH. 2) RH saw no change in the plasma concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl-, while DH observed a significant increase. 3) HCO₃made a significant decrease at DH before growing up. 4) Mg++ had no change, while Ca++ increased significantly at RH and DH. 5) Lactate showed an increase with significance at RH and DH, especially greater at DH. 6) Osmotic pressure increased meaningfully at DH. 7) Anion gap increased significantly at DH and RH. 8) On the other hand, when the forced RH was held, the group of athletes had greater sweat loss per body surface area than that of non-athletes. 9) The athletes' plasma concentration of Na+ and Cl- revealed a clear decrease. 10) There was seen no significant change in the plasma concentration of K+, Mg++ and Ca++ in both groups. 11) The IVDP occurred at the RH of 2.3ℓfor athletes and more than 2.5ℓfor no-athletes.
박태근,길상철 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 자연과학논문집 Vol.25 No.-
휴대폰 멀티미디어 가속처리를 위한 SoC는 점차 그 수요가 높아져 가는 핸드폰 상에서의 수준 높은 멀티미디어 서비스를 목표로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 환경에서 3차원 그래픽 가속기에 대한 개발 방향과 현재 국내외 기술 추세를 분석하였다. 더불어 그래픽 가속기 개발이 필수적인 요소 기술들을 분석하고 이에 대하여 현재 개발된 혹은 개발 중인 대표적 제품에 대한 기술 비교를 하였다. 분석된 핵심기술은 고속 디스플레이가 가능하도록 하는 프레임 버퍼 기술, 휴대폰 설계 최적화를 위한 저전력 소모 구현이 가능한 칩 설계 기술, 효율적인 메모리 구조설계 및 메모리 설계 기술, LCD 모듈에의 장착을 위한 SoC chip TCP/COF 코팅기술 등과 같은 디스플레이ㆍ메모리관련 ASIC 설계 기술 등으로 구성된다. 이러한 기술로 말미암아 이동통신 서비스 컨텐츠 부문에서도 이러한 하드웨어 기술의 발전을 배경으로 다양한 멀티미디어 서비스 제공이 활발해 질 것이며 그중에서도 그래픽, 플래시에니, 영화 등 영상 컨텐츠의 수요가 급속히 증가할 것으로 예상된다. The System-on-Chip (SoC) technology for the mobile multimedia graphic acceleration is aiming at a high-level multimedia service. In this research, we analyze the research and development of the 3D graphic accelerator in a mobile environment. We also analyze the top-level products in terms of the technologies. The key technologies include the frame buffer technology for a high-speed display, a low-power SoC technology an efficient memory structures and design technology, and TCP/COF coating technology for LCD modules. With these technologies, various kinds of multimedia services will be provided in mobile contents, such as graphics, flash animations, movies and etc.
신장이식 환자에서 HCMV 항원혈증 검사의 임상적 유용성
김탁,성흥섭,박관태,김송철,김성한,최상호,김양수,우준희,박수길,한덕종,이상오 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.2
Background : This study was performed to determine the cut-off value and the predictability of symptomatic human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection according to the peak value of HCMV antigenemia assay in kidney transplant recipients. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the results of HCMV antigenemia assay (Chemicon, CA, USA) in patients who received kidney transplantation at our institution from May 2003 through May 2008, and investigated the existence and the type of HCMV infection by the medical record review. Patients who underwent the test only once during the episode or those who received ganciclovir for more than 48hrs before the test were excluded. The receiver-operator characteristic curve was drawn and the point showing maximum likelihood ratio (LR) was chosen as the cut-off value of symptomatic HCMV infection. Results : A total of 689 episodes were screened and 134 episodes were enrolled. Thirty-three (24.6%) episodes were symptomatic HCMV infection, 23 (17.2%) episodes were associated with HCMV syndrome, and 10 (7.5%) episodes were tissue-invasive diseases. The maximum LR was 7.5 (95% confidence interval, 4.014.2) and the cut-off value was 29.5 cells/200,000 WBC. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 66.7%, 91.1%, 71.0%, and 89.3%, respectively. Conclusions : The cut-off value of symptomatic HCMV infection by the peak value of HCMV antigenemia assay in our study was similar with previous results, although the sensitivity was relatively low.
초음파 수침법을 이용한 터빈베어링 Babbitt 금속 박리 검사 기술
정계조,박상기,조용상,박병철,길두송 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.4
이 연구는 터빈베어링의 신뢰성을 평가하기 위하여 초음파 C-Scan 방법을 적용한 기술이다. 수침법에 관한 연구는 실험실과 현장검사 적용에 광범위하게 사용되는 기술이다. 여기에서는 C-Scan 방법을 이용하여 베어링의 모재와 Babbitt 금속간 경계부의 상태를 평가하였다. 수침법 C-Scan 방법에 의한 초음파 영상은 베어링 경계부의 상태를 확인하는데 효과적인 방법으로 사용될 수 있었다. 초음파 영상의 분해능을 높이기 위하여 집속형 탐촉지를 사용하고, Babbitt 금속과 베어링 모재간의 접합경계면에서 발생하는 초음파 음압 반사율을 측정하여 결함의 검출과 면적을 추정할 수 있었다. 초음파 수침법은 베어링 접합부의 박리위치와 박리면적의 경계면을 결정하여 크기를 계산하는데 아주 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 기술이며, 이 연구에서 개발된 기술은 화력발전소에서 사용되고 있는 터빈베어링의 건전성을 확보하는데 적용되었다. This study is aimed for the implementation of ultrasonic method to assess the reliability of turbine bearings. A modified ultrasonic immersion technique was carried out in both laboratory experiment and field application. From the laboratory results, we confirmed that the condition of interface layer between the babbitt and base metal be monitored by the C-Scan. The C-Scan image by the ultrasonic immersion test can be used successfully to observe the condition of interface layer. The testing with a focused transducer provides a promising approach for estimating the extent of the damaged region and observing the interface layer effectively. The difference of the ultrasonic reflection ratio between the bonding and debonding area at the interface layer is one of the key parameters for assessing the extent of the damaged area; additionally, the reflection amplitude exhibits a favorable correlation with the overall damage level. The technique developed in this study was applied to the inspection of the turbine bearings at several power plants in Korea whereby the applicability in the filed can be ascertained.