NPIs and Rhetorical Question in Korean

Cho, Sae Youn,Lee, Han Gyu 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.1

Cho, Sae-Yom and Lee, Han.-Gyu. 2001. NPIs and Rhetorical Question in Korean. The Linguistic Association f Korea Journal, 9(1), 145-166. This paper provides a syntactic end pragmatic account of the Negative Polarity Items (LAPIS) end Rhetorical Question (RQ) in Korean, which would be hard to explain under current syntactic views (Sohn, 1995). For a theory of NPIS to be adequate, it must answer the following questions'. (i) What is an appropriate constraint to NPIS to explain the difference in distributional behaviors between Declarative Sentences (DS) and RQ?, and (ii) Why does such a difference exist depending o constructions? To answer these questions, we propose that the distributional behavior can be dealt with by specifying lexical properties of NPIs still positing a construction type, and suggest that sentences with NPIs can be fully understood by discerning the pragmatic role of NPIs at issue. (Honam University and Kyung Lee University)

저장 온도 및 상대습도가 비타민 정제 중 지용성 비타민 함량의 변화에 미치는 영향

김동섭,이재황,김세곤,이동언,박석준,이진희,이강표,최성원,백무열 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

치과 기공사들에게서 나타나는 호흡기 증상과 이의 관련 요인

김웅철,오세윤,김지환,김진완,이준석,이가영,이세훈,유진호,김태석 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2001 保健科學論集 Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate subjective respiratory symptoms and their attributable factors in Korean dental laboratory technicians. A questionnaire was mailed to randomly selected 1,900 dental laboratory technicians. Among them, 1,344 dental technicians completed the questionnaires and returmned them. Validity and reliability tests on the questionnaires were carried out before the main survey. To investigate risk factors on respiratory subjective symptoms, we performed analysis on distribution of characteristics, and then investigated univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rate of wheezing, cough and phlegm, and dyspnea was 4.8%, 33.9%, 54.9%, respectively. Statistically significant factors inducing subjective respiratory symptoms by multiple logistic regression analysis were sex, smoking, exercise, health examination, work hours a day, investment gas, investment dust, metal fume, resin vapor, and asbestos dust. Considering the results above, it seems that most subjective respiratory symptoms are related with health habits and occupational environmental-related factors. The result, consideration in mind, suggest that health promotion programs for smoking cessation, regular health examination, and physical exercise in health habit, and improvement on casting and resin work in dental technological environment be necessary.

인공방광대치술을 받은 환자에서의 대사 산증 발생

김새인,이동현,김광현,류동열,김승정,강덕희,최규복,이신아 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2015 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: Metabolic acidosis frequently develops in patients after neobladder reconstruction. However, the incidence of metabolic acidosis in patients with neobladder and the factors associated with the development of metabolic acidosis have not been well elucidated. We aimed to investigate the incidence and the potential predictors for the development of metabolic acidosis after neobladder reconstruction with intestinal segment. Methods: We included patients who underwent neobladder reconstruction using intestinal segment at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014. A subgroup of patients according to the time of metabolic acidosis occurrence was further analyzed in order to characterize predictors for metabolic acidosis. Results: Metabolic acidosis was encountered in 79.4% of patients with neobladder during follow up period. When patients were divided into 2 groups according to anion gap (AG), total CO2 (18.9±2.1 mEq/L vs. 20.0±1.3 mEq/L, P=0.001) and chloride (106.6±4.9 mE/L vs. 109.4±3.6 mEq/L, P<0.001) were significant different between groups with AG>12 and AG≤12. Furthermore, when patients were divided into 3 groups; patients with metabolic acidosis at postoperative day (POD) 1; from POD 2 to 14 days; after 14 days, there was significant difference among those subgroups. Conclusion: Our study showed the rate of metabolic acidosis in patients underwent neobladder reconstruction and the difference between patients with metabolic acidosis and those without metabolic acidosis for the first time in Korea. In the future, well designed prospective study will be needed to prevent metabolic acidosis after neobladder reconstruction.

공업계고등학교 '공작기계 Ⅰ' CAD수업에서 JigsawⅡ 협동학습이 학업성취도에 미치는 효과

이세계,이상봉,금영충 한국직업능력개발원 2004 직업능력개발연구 Vol.7 No.1

이 연구는 공업계고등학교 '공작기계 Ⅰ' CAD수업에서 JigsawⅡ 협동학습이 학생들의 학업성취도에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 실험은 '정적집단 비교 설계' 를 실험 모형으로 적용하여 실험 집단은 JigsawⅡ 협동학습 집단으로, 통제 집단은 전통적 수업방법을 시행하는 집단으로 구성하였다. 실험결과를 통해 CAD수업에서 JigsawⅡ 협동학습은 학업성취도를 향상하는 데 전통적 수업방법보다 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그 원인은 이 연구의 CAD수업 내용이 기초적인 내용이었고, 또 대상 학생들이 공업계고등학교에 입학한 1학년 학생들로 CAD수업에 대한 내용을 처음으로 공부하게 되어 수업 내용에 대한 이해가 충실하지 못했기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 학생들이 처음으로 접하게 되는 수업내용이나 기초적인 수업 내용에 대한 JigsawⅡ 협동학습 관련연구를 시행하고자 할 때에는 수업에 대한 준비가 더 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 공업계고등학교에서는 학생들의 기본 학습 능력의 부족, 학업에 대한 흥미 저하, 재학생의 중도탈락증가 등의 여러 가지 문제들이 나타나고 있는데, 학교 현장에 종사하는 교사들은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 학생들이 학업에 흥미를 갖도록 다양한 교수학습 방법을 구안 후 적용해야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of JigsawⅡ cooperative learning on academic achievement of Computer Aided Design(CAD) instruction, the Machine Tool Ⅰsubject of technical high school. To verify the hypotheses of this study, 2 parts(16 students in each part) of the first grades from technical high school in Cheong-Ju were selected. Each part was divided into three sub-groups by the level of entering behavior levels. Static-Group Comparison Design was applied for experimental planning. The content of the experiment was the CAD instruction in the Machine Tool Ⅰ textbook. The experimental group was taught using a JigsawⅡ cooperative learning method and the control group using a traditional teaching method. The independent variable was teaching method and the dependent variable was academic achievement. The data was analysed using a t-test with a significance level of 0.05 Significance level established prior to data treatment. The result of this study were as follows; First, the JigsawⅡ cooperative learning in CAD instruction had little effect on the academic achievement Second, the JigsawⅡ cooperative learning in CAD instruction had little effect on the academic achievement in the entering behavior levels. Finally, the JigsawⅡ cooperative learning in CAD instruction had little effect on the academic achievement in the cognitive and functional domain of the brain.

개에서 발생한 기관 허탈의 진단과 관리

이새미,윤기영,서경원,최호정,정성목,송근호,조종기,박성준 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2012 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

A 11-year-old Yorkshire terrier anesthetized for computed tomography. The dog showed cyanosis and syncope during postanesthetic recovery, therefore drug administrated parenterally. Goose-honking was noticed after full recovery. As a result of survey radiography and fluoroscopy, grade 4 tracheal collapse was diagnosed. Prescription for the dog was oral administration of hydrocodone 0.22 mg/kg. theophylline 20 mg/kg, prednisone 0.5 mg/kg, amoxicillin 22 mg/kg and chlorpheniramine 2 mg/kg twice a day for 3 days. A 10-year-old Pomeranian was diagnosed as grade 2 traceal collapse at the local animal hospital 2 years before being referred to the veterinary teaching hospital of Chungnam National University. On physical examination, goose-honking, coughing and intermittent open-mouth breathing. Tracheal narrowing was observed on survey einradiography and fluoroscopy. Oral administration of theophylline 13 mg/kg, enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg, chlropheniramine 0.5 mg/kg twice a day was prescribed for 2 weeks.

반복치료로 호전된 호산구성 폐렴 유사 폐흡충증 1예

박세진,김희규,김봉준,이천우,옥철호,정만홍 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

우리나라에서 인기 있는 게장등의 섭취로2) 성인뿐만 아니라 소아에서도 지속적으로 보고되고 있는 폐흡충증은 다양한 임상양상을 보일 수 있다. 저자들은 방사선 소견상 만성 호산구성 폐렴과 유사하였고, 반복적인 치료로 호전된 폐흡충증 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Paragonimiasis mostly occurs by ingestion of raw or undercooked freshwater crabs or crayfish. Recently, re-emergence of paragonimiasis is reported because of ingestion of raw food such as freshwater fish and Gejang (marinated raw crabs). As the radiological features as well as the laboratory findings are similar to those of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, the diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis is often difficult and delayed. A 43 year-old female was visited our hospital for migrating and new developing consolidative lung lesions and peripheral blood eosinophilia. The eosinophil profile of leukocyte was 32% (absolute count 2,690 /mm3). Histologic finding was organizing pneumonia pattern with severe infiltration of eosinophils. Parasite specific antibody IgG forParagonimus westermani was positive (titer:0.61, normal range<0.20). After treatment with praziquantel (75mg/Kg once a day for 2days), the chest x-ray was clearly resolved. Follow-up study showed right pleural effusion, newly developed focal infiltration, and several nodules. After retreatment, we couldn't find any recurrent evidence.

대장수술 후에 발생한 급성신부전의 위험인자

이혜미,황창재,김재황,김흥대,박대팔,서일숙,송선옥,김세연,이덕희,지대림 영남대학교 의과대학 2007 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.24 No.2

연구 배경 : 급성 신부전은 술 후 발생할 수 있는 합병증 중에서 사망률은 큰 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 이 연구를 통해 위험인자를 알아보려고 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 2004년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 3년간 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 대장 수술을 받은 570명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 성별과 연령, 미국 마취과학회 신체등급, 동반질환, 수술의 종류, 응급수술의 여부, 수술 시간, 재수술의 여부, 술 중의 투약 상황, 술 후에 자가 통증 조절기에 사용한 약제, 술 중에 저혈압의 유무, 수혈 여부, 술 후 기계적 환기를 시행한 경우를 비교하였다. 결과 : 비교 결과에서 성별과 수술의 종류, 응급 수술의 여부, 개복여부 등에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면 환자의 나이와 수술 시간, 재수술의 여부, 술중에 이뇨제 등을 사용한 경우, 술 중에 저혈압의 유무, 술 후에 기계적 환기를 시행한 경우 등에는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 급성신부전의 원인은 어느 한 가지라고 하기 보다는 위험인자에 얼마나 노출되어 있는가가 결정하는 것 같고, 그 원인들이 모여서 상승효과를 내는 것 같다. 그러므로 수술 전부터 많은 위험에 노출된 환자는 술 중 더 적극적인 감시를 시행하여 수술 후의 합병증 발생을 줄이는 노력을 기울여야 하겠다. Background : Acute renal failure is one of the leading causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors that are associated with acute renal failure after colorectal surgery. Materials and Methods : Five hundred seventy patients who operated colorectal surgery at the Yeungnam University Medical Center over three years from 2004 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. The effects of gender, age, ASA classification, concomitant disease, surgery type and duration, reoperation, urogenital manipulation, medication, hypotension, hypovolemia, transfusion, and postoperative ventilatory care on the occurrence of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery were studied. Results : The major risk factors of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery were age of patients (P=0.003), ASA classification (P<0.001), concomitant disease (P<0.001), duration of the time surgery (P=0.034), reoperation (P=0.001), use of intraoperative diuretics (P=0.005), use of postoperative diuretics (P<0.001), intraoperative hypotension (P=0.018), intraoperative transfusion (P<0.001), postoperative transfusion (P<0.001), and postoperative ventilatory care (P=0.001). Conclusion : Multiple factors cause synergistic effects on the development of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery. Therefore, efforts to reduce the risk factors associated with acute renal failure are needed. In addition, intensive postoperative care should be provided to all patients.

싸이클론 건식공정으로 생산된 재생 잔골재가 콘크리트의 기초특성에 미치는 영향

이문환,이세현 대한건축학회 2005 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.21 No.2

This study is intended for how to utilize the recycled fine aggregate which is produced by concrete wastes. It analyses the quality of the fine aggregate which is reproduced through a dry production process with cyclone, and comprehends the characteristics of mortar using the recycled fine aggregate to review whether it can be put to practical use for concrete. In: the experiment, recycled fine aggregate is substitute for natural fine aggregate the rate of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% each. The results of the study are as follows. 1) The air content is increased irregularly according to the substitutive ratio of recycled fine aggregate. 2) The slump and loss of slump with time since mixing are decreased irregularly according to the substitutive ratio of recycled fine aggregate. 3) The compressive strength of concrete using the wet recycled fine aggregate tends to be reduced with the increase of the mixing ratio of recycled fine aggregate, but the compressive strength of 25% substitution ratio is increased. Based on the above results, it is concluded that the recycled fine aggregate through the wet production process can be used as fine aggregate on condition that the substitution ration is under 25%.

한국재래산양 태자의 위장관에서 Chromogranin A 면역반응세포에 대한 분포 및 출현빈도에 관한 연구

이형식,구세광,이재현 慶山大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學 Vol.1 No.2

임신 180일령의 한국재래산양 태자의 위장관에서 chromogranin A(CgA) 면역반응세포의 각 부위별 출현 분포와 빈도를 면역조직화학적으로 관찰하였던 바, CgA 면역반응세포는 위장관 전 부위에서 관찰되었다. 부위별 분포는 직장(104.0/1㎟)에서 가장 높은 빈도로 출현하였고, 회장(66.6/1㎟), 십이지장(62.1/1㎟), 위저부(53.3/1㎟), 유문부(46.0/1㎟), 결장(34.9/1㎟) 및 공장(30.0/1㎟)의 순으로 관찰되었다. 이들 면역반응세포들은 주로 위저부, 유문부, 십이지장, 회장 및 결장부위에서는 점막샘에 다수, 점막 상피에 소수 분포하였으며, 공장과 결장에서는 점막 전체에 산재되어 있었다. The regional distribution and relative frequency of chromogranin A(CgA)-immunoreactive cells in gastrointestinal tract of the fetus(180 days of gestation) of the Korean native goat were studied with immunohistochemical methods. CgA-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract and they were situated to the mucosal glands and mucosal epithelia. These cells were most predominant in the rectum(104.0/1㎟), and ileum(66.6/1㎟), duodenum (62.1/1㎟), fundus(53.3/1㎟), pylorus(46.0/1㎟), colon(34.9/1㎟), and jejunum(30.0/1㎟) were followed in that order.