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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : ( Richard E. Isaacson ) (검색결과 4 건)
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Guevarra, Robin B.,Hong, Sang Hyun,Cho, Jin Ho,Kim, Bo-Ra,Shin, Jiwon,Lee, Jun Hyung,Kang, Bit Na,Kim, Young Hwa,Wattanaphansak, Suphot,Isaacson, Richard E.,Song, Minho,Kim, Hyeun Bum BioMed Central 2018 Journal of animal science and biotechnology Vol.9 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performance. However, limited information is available regarding the composition and function of the gut microbiome of piglets in early-life. Therefore, we performed 16S rRNA gene and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of DNA from fecal samples from healthy piglets during weaning to measure microbiome shifts, and to identify the potential contribution of the early-life microbiota in shaping piglet health with a focus on microbial stress responses, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The analysis of 16S rRNA genes and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing revealed significant compositional and functional differences between the fecal microbiome in nursing and weaned piglets. The fecal microbiome of the nursing piglets showed higher relative abundance of bacteria in the genus <I>Bacteroides</I> with abundant gene families related to the utilization of lactose and galactose. <I>Prevotella</I> and <I>Lactobacillus</I> were enriched in weaned piglets with an enrichment for the gene families associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In addition, an analysis of the functional capacity of the fecal microbiome showed higher abundances of genes associated with heat shock and oxidative stress in the metagenome of weaned piglets compared to nursing piglets.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Overall, our data show that microbial shifts and changes in functional capacities of the piglet fecal microbiome resulted in potential reductions in the effects of stress, including dietary changes that occur during weaning. These results provide us with new insights into the piglet gut microbiome that contributes to the growth of the animal.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0269-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
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Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life: causes and effects
Guevarra, Robin B.,Lee, Jun Hyung,Lee, Sun Hee,Seok, Min-Jae,Kim, Doo Wan,Kang, Bit Na,Johnson, Timothy J.,Isaacson, Richard E.,Kim, Hyeun Bum BioMed Central 2019 Journal of animal science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.1
<P>The gut microbiome has long been known to play fundamentally important roles in the animal health and the well-being of its host. As such, the establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs, since early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of permanent microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of pigs later in life. Emphasizing this importance of early gut colonizers, it is critical to understand the factors impacting the establishment of the piglet gut microbiome at weaning. Factors include, among others, diet, in-feed antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotic administration. The impact of these factors on establishment of the gut microbiome of piglets at weaning includes effects on piglet gut microbial diversity, structure, and succession. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent findings on the piglet gut microbiome shifts as influenced by weaning, and how these microbiome changes brought about by various factors that have been shown to affect the development of microbiota in piglets. This review will provide a general overview of recent studies that can help to facilitate the design of new strategies to modulate the gut microbiome in order to enhance gastrointestinal health, growth performance and well-being of piglets.</P>
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Intestinal Microbial Dysbiosis in Beagles Naturally Infected with Canine Parvovirus
( Jun Seok Park ),( Robin B. Guevarra ),( Bo-ra Kim ),( Jun Hyung Lee ),( Sun Hee Lee ),( Jae Hyoung Cho ),( Hyeri Kim ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Minho Song ),( Ju-hoon Lee ),( Richard E. Isaacson ),( Kun Ho 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.9
Canine parvoviral enteritis (PVE) is an important intestinal disease of the puppies; however, the potential impact of the canine parvovirus (CPV) on the gut microbiota has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the gut microbial shifts in puppies naturally infected with CPV. Fecal samples were collected from healthy dogs and those diagnosed with PVE at 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks of age. The distal gut microbiota of dogs was characterized using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The sequence data were analyzed using QIIME with an Operational Taxonomic Unit definition at a similarity cutoff of 97%. Our results showed that the CPV was associated with significant microbial dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Alpha diversity and species richness and evenness in dogs with PVE decreased compared to those of healthy dogs. At the phylum level, the proportion of Proteobacteria was significantly enriched in dogs with PVE while Bacteroidetes was significantly more abundant in healthy dogs (p < 0.05). In dogs with PVE, Enterobacteriaceae was the most abundant bacterial family accounting for 36.44% of the total bacterial population compared to only 0.21% in healthy puppies. The two most abundant genera in healthy dogs were Prevotella and Lactobacillus and their abundance was significantly higher compared to that of dogs with PVE (p < 0.05). These observations suggest that disturbances of gut microbial communities were associated with PVE in young dogs. Evaluation of the roles of these bacterial groups in the pathophysiology of PVE warrants further studies.
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Deciphering Diversity Indices for a Better Understanding of Microbial Communities
( Bo-ra Kim ),( Jiwon Shin ),( Robin B. Guevarra ),( Jun Hyung Lee ),( Doo Wan Kim ),( Kuk-hwan Seol ),( Ju-hoon Lee ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ),( Richard E. Isaacson ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.12
The past decades have been a golden era during which great tasks were accomplished in the field of microbiology, including food microbiology. In the past, culture-dependent methods have been the primary choice to investigate bacterial diversity. However, using culture-independent high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has greatly facilitated studies exploring the microbial compositions and dynamics associated with health and diseases. These culture-independent DNA-based studies generate large-scale data sets that describe the microbial composition of a certain niche. Consequently, understanding microbial diversity becomes of greater importance when investigating the composition, function, and dynamics of the microbiota associated with health and diseases. Even though there is no general agreement on which diversity index is the best to use, diversity indices have been used to compare the diversity among samples and between treatments with controls. Tools such as the Shannon- Weaver index and Simpson index can be used to describe population diversity in samples. The purpose of this review is to explain the principles of diversity indices, such as Shannon- Weaver and Simpson, to aid general microbiologists in better understanding bacterial communities. In this review, important questions concerning microbial diversity are addressed. Information from this review should facilitate evidence-based strategies to explore microbial communities.
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